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Patterns in Comparative Religion

Traité d'histoire des Religions · Tratado de historia de las religiones

francés; el volumen del corpus es la traducción inglesa de Rosemary Sheed, que conserva en su lengua los títulos franceses, alemanes, italianos y latinos de las bibliografías y transcribe el sánscrito, el avéstico, el acadio y las lenguas de campo con diacríticos que el OCR rompela página de derechos imprime «FIRST PUBUSHED 1958» (sic, por PUBLISHED) y una línea de © corrompida por el OCR, «<D Slwecl & Ward, luc., 19.5&», que parece decir «© Sheed & Ward, Inc., 1958»; la misma plana declara «This book is a translation of Traite d'histoire des Religions, published by Editions Payot, Paris» y «Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 58-5885» (p. 5)

Source entries are currently shown in Spanish; English-first entries arrive with the next cataloguing pass.

Tratado morfológico de historia de las religiones: un recorrido por las clases de hierofanía —cielo, sol, luna, aguas, piedras, tierra, vegetación, agricultura, lugares, tiempo, mito y símbolo— ordenado no por antigüedad sino por nivel cósmico. Su autor declara el doble problema que lo mueve: «This book deals with a twofold problem: first, what is religion and, secondly, how far can one talk of the history of religion ? As I doubt the value of beginning with a definition of the religious phenomenon, I am simply going to examine various "hierophanies "-taking that term in its widest sense as anything which manifests the sacred.» «Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 13»

La tesis de método que abre el libro es la escala. Eliade toma de Henri Poincaré la fórmula «It is the scale that makes the phenomenon."» y la aplica al hecho religioso: «a religious phenomenon will only be recognized as such if it is grasped at its own level, that is to say, if it is studied as something religious. To try to grasp the essence of such a phenomenon by means of physiology, psychology, sociology, economics, linguistics, art or any other study is false ; it misses the one unique and irreducible element in it-the element of the sacred.» «Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 12»

El orden de los capítulos, dice, no es evolutivo ni cronológico, y lo declara por escrito para que no se lea así: «I have chosen these classes of hierophany not because I consider them the earliest (the historical problem does not yet arise), but because describing them explains on the one hand the dialectic of the sacred, and on the other what sort of forms the sacred will take.» «Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 14»

El título lo explica él mismo al cerrar el Foreword: «This, and this only, is what I mean by calling this book " Patterns in Comparative Religion " ; what I intend is to introduce my readers to the labyrinthine complexity of religious data, their basic patterns, and the variety of cultures they» —la frase sigue en la plana siguiente con *reflect*—. «Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 15»

El volumen es la traducción inglesa de Rosemary Sheed del Traité d'histoire des Religions de Editions Payot, y la portada presenta a su autor como «Sometime Professor in the University of Bucharest Professor of the History of Religions in the University of Chi,··;o» —el nombre de Chicago, roto por el OCR—. «Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 4»

Eliade declara además el estatuto de sus bibliografías y el modo de lectura que pide: «But the point of this book cannot be grasped except by reading it right through; it is in no sense a handbook for reference. The bibliographies are intended as a spur to elementary research; they are in no case exhaustive.» «Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 16»

3585 claims · 1 source · 1 attribution

Attribution

recorded, never asserted
DECLARED
la portada imprime «PATTERNS IN COMPARATIVE RELIGION BY MIRCEA ELIADE Sometime Professor in the University of Bucharest Professor of the History of Religions in the University of Chi,··;o» (p. 4; el «Chi,··;o» es ruido de OCR por Chicago); el cuerpo habla en primera persona y enuncia el plan del libro como propio («This book deals with a twofold problem», p. 13; «I have begun this study with an account of certain cosmic» hierophanies, p. 13)
per Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)
«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 4»

The chain of the work

the processed witness, in emerald
EDITION · PROCESSED
Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)
inglés · 1958, por la página de derechos, que imprime «FIRST PUBUSHED 1958» (sic) y una línea de © corrompida, «<D Slwecl & Ward, luc., 19.5&» (p. 5); el Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 58-5885 de esa misma plana concuerda con 1958 · Nueva York, Sheed and Ward Inc., 840 Broadway, New York 3, con pie de portada «SHEED & WARD • NEW YORK LONDON AND NEW YORK» (pp. 4-5). La misma plana declara que el volumen traduce el Traité d'histoire des Religions publicado por Editions Payot, París, y que fue «Mauufactured in the United States uf America» (sic, p. 5) · Rosemary Sheed (tradujo) · Sheed And Ward (imprimio)

Claims

3585 entries — the work's own voice, with its passage

«MoDERN science has restored a principle which was seriously endangered by some of the confusions of the nineteenth century :»abre el prólogo del autor atribuyendo a la ciencia moderna la restitución de un principio que el siglo XIX había puesto en peligro; la capitular sale del OCR como *MoDERN*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 12»

«Henri Poincare queried with some irony whether " a naturalist who had studied elephants only under the microscope would think he knew enough about those animals ? "»Eliade toma de Henri Poincaré la ironía del naturalista que solo ha visto elefantes al microscopio, para decir que el nivel de observación decide qué fenómeno se ve

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 12»

«Obviously there are no purely religious phenomena ; no phenomenon can be solely and exclusively religious. Because religion is human it must for that very reason be something social, something linguistic, something economic-you cannot think of man apart from language and society.»acota de inmediato su propia tesis: ningún fenómeno es solo religioso, porque la religión es humana y por eso mismo social, lingüística y económica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 12»

«It would be as futile as thinking you could explain Madame Bovary by a list of social, economic and political facts ; however true, they do not affect it as a work of literature.»el símil con que niega valor explicativo a la reducción: enumerar hechos sociales y económicos no alcanza a Madame Bovary en cuanto obra literaria

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 12»

«I do not mean to deny the usefulness of approaching the religious phenomenon from various different angles ; but it must be looked at first of all in itself, in that which belongs to it alone and can be explained in no other terms.»fija el límite de su objeción: no niega que sirvan los otros enfoques, sostiene que el fenómeno religioso debe mirarse primero en lo que solo a él pertenece

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 12»

«At bottom, the only helpful thing one can say of the sacred in general is contained in the very definition of the term: that it is the opposite of profane. As soon as one attempts to give a clear statement of the nature, the modality of that opposition, one strikes difficulty. No formula, however elementary, will cover the labyrinthine complexity of the facts."»Eliade cita a Roger Caillois y su L'Homme et le sacré: lo único útil que puede decirse de lo sagrado en general es que se opone a lo profano, y toda formulación de esa oposición tropieza con la complejidad de los hechos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 13»

«Taboo, ritual, symbol, myth, demon, god-these are some of them; but it would be an outrageous simplification to make such a list tell the whole story. What we have really got to deal with is a ďiverse and indeed chaotic mass of actions, beliefs and systems which go together to make up what one may call the religious phenomenon.»enumera los elementos del fenómeno religioso y niega que la lista lo agote: lo que hay que tratar, dice, es una masa caótica de actos, creencias y sistemas. El OCR imprime *ďiverse* por *diverse*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 13»

«Such an arrangement would be quite arbitrary; it presupposes an evolution in the religious phenomenon, from the simple to the complex, which is a mere hypothesis .and cannot be proved; we have yet to meet anywhere a simple religion, consisting only of the most elementary hierophanies;»objeta el tratado que iría de lo simple a lo complejo: presupone una evolución que es mera hipótesis y que no se ha encontrado religión simple alguna en ninguna parte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 13»

«I then go on to the biological hierophanies (the rhythm of the moon, the sun, vegetation and agriculture, sexuality, etc.), then local hierophanies (consecrated places, temples, etc.) and lastly myths and symbols.»enuncia el orden de su propio recorrido, de las hierofanías cósmicas a las biológicas, de ahí a las locales y por último a mitos y símbolos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 14»

«The nature of the subject necessitates constant overlaps between the subject matter of one chapter and another.»advierte que la materia obliga a solapes constantes entre capítulos, y que por eso los dioses del cielo aparecen ya en el capítulo de las hierofanías celestes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 14»

«We are dispensed from any a priori definition of the religious phenomenon ; the reader can make his own reflections on the nature of the sacred as he goes.»primera ventaja que se atribuye al método: no empezar por una definición a priori de lo religioso deja que el lector forme la suya sobre la marcha

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 15»

«By examining the" lower " and " higher " religious forms simultaneously, and seeing at once what elements they have in common, we shall not make the mistakes that result from an evolutionist or occidentalist perspective.»tercera ventaja del método, y la que declara su frente: mirar a la vez las formas religiosas bajas y altas evita, dice, los errores de una perspectiva evolucionista u occidentalista

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 15»

«ALL the definitions given up till now of the religious phenomenon have one thing in common: each has its own way of showing that the sacred and the religious life are the opposite of the profane and the secular life.»abre el capítulo I, §1: todas las definiciones del fenómeno religioso coinciden, dice, en oponer lo sagrado y la vida religiosa a lo profano y la vida secular

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 20»

«But as soon as you start to fix limits to the notion of the sacred you come upon difficultiesdifficulties both theoretical and practical.»y de inmediato pone el reparo: fijar los límites de la noción de lo sagrado trae dificultades teóricas y prácticas. El *difficultiesdifficulties* es unión de la raya de fin de renglón: lo impreso es *difficulties—difficulties*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 20»

«Unfortunately, evidence of this sort is nowhere to be found; neither in any society whose history we know, nor among the" primitives", the uncivilized peoples of to-day.»niega que exista el estado puro que la investigación busca: ni en sociedad histórica alguna ni entre los pueblos que llama primitivos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 20»

«Almost everywhere the religious phenomena we see are complex, suggesting a long historical evolution.»lo que se observa, sostiene, es siempre complejo y sugiere una evolución histórica larga

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 20»

«Yet it is just such a comparative study that we want, for only thus can we discover both the changing morphology of the sacred, and its historical development.»justifica el estudio comparado como la única vía para descubrir a la vez la morfología cambiante de lo sagrado y su desarrollo histórico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 20»

«We are faced with rites, myths, divine forms, sacred and venerated objects, symbols, cosmologies, theologoumena, consecrated men, animals and plants, sacred places, and more. And each category has its own morphology-of a branching and luxuriant richness.»enumera la materia del historiador de las religiones y señala que cada categoría tiene morfología propia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 21»

«We have to deal with a vast and illassorted mass of material, with a Melanesian cosmogony myth or Brahman sacrifice having as much right to our consideration as the mystical writings of a St. Teresa or a Nichiren, an Australian totem, a primitive initiation rite, the symbolism of the Borobudur temple, the ceremonial costumes and dances of a Siberian shaman, the sacred stones to be found in so many places, agricultural ceremonies, the myths and rites of the Great Goddesses, the enthroning of an ancient king or the superstitions attaching to precious stones.»el inventario con que ilustra lo dispar del material: un mito cosmogónico melanesio o un sacrificio brahmánico valen tanto como los escritos de Santa Teresa o de Nichiren, un tótem australiano o las danzas de un chamán siberiano. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 21»

«Each is valuable for two things it tells us: because it is a hierophany, it reveals some modality of the sacred; because it is a historical incident, it reveals some attitude man has had towards the sacred.»fija el doble valor de cada testimonio: como hierofanía revela una modalidad de lo sagrado, como hecho histórico revela una actitud del hombre ante ella

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 21»

«Crawl to your Mother, Earth ! May she save you from the void !»el texto védico que cita para el culto de la tierra, dirigido a un muerto; lo remite en nota a RV, x, 18, 10

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 21»

«but it also shows one given stage in the history of Indian religions, the moment when Mother Earth was valued-at least by one group--as a protectress against the void, a valuation which was to be done away with by the reform of the Upanisads and the preaching of Buddha.»lee ese mismo texto como momento datado de la historia religiosa india: la Madre Tierra valorada como protectora contra el vacío, valoración que atribuye luego a la reforma de las Upanisads y a la predicación del Buda

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 21»

«Every manifestation of the sacred takes place in some historical situation. Even the most personal and transcendant mystical experiences are affected by the age in which they occur.»sostiene que toda manifestación de lo sagrado ocurre en situación histórica, y que hasta las experiencias místicas más personales quedan afectadas por su época

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 21»

«I do not mean that every hierophany and every religious experience whatsoever is a unique and never-to-be-repeated incident in the working of the spirit. The greatest experiences are not only alike in content, but often also alike in their expression.»acota esa tesis: no sostiene que cada hierofanía sea un incidente irrepetible, porque las grandes experiencias se parecen también en su expresión

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 22»

«Rudolf Otto discovered some astonishing similarities between the vocabulary and formulre of Meister Eckhardt and those of Sail.kara.»atribuye a Rudolf Otto el hallazgo de semejanzas entre el vocabulario del Maestro Eckhart y el de Shankara; el troceo imprime *Eckhardt*, *formulre* y *Sail.kara*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 22»

«The fact that a hierophany is always a historical event (that is to say, always occurs in some definite situation) does not lessen its universal quality.»distingue lo histórico de lo universal en una hierofanía: que ocurra siempre en una situación definida no le quita, dice, su cualidad universal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 22»

«The Indians, for instance, venerate a certain tree called asvattha ; the manifestation of the sacred in that particular plant species has meaning only for them, for only to them is the asvattha anything more than just a tree.»el ejemplo del árbol asvattha: la manifestación de lo sagrado en esa especie vegetal solo significa para quienes la veneran

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 22»

«However, the Indians also have the symbol of a cosmic tree (Axis Mundi), and this mythico-symbolic hierophany is universal, for we find Cosmic Trees everywhere among ancient civilizations.»contrapone al asvattha el símbolo del árbol cósmico, al que llama Axis Mundi y tiene por universal entre las civilizaciones antiguas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 22»

«The Jewish prophets held these cults to be sacrilegious. From their standpoint-from the standpoint, that is, of those Semites who had, as a result of the Mosaic reforms, reached a higher, purer and more complete conception of the Deitysuch a criticism was perfectly justified.»expone la condena profética del culto de Ba'al y Belit y la da por justificada desde el punto de vista de los semitas de la reforma mosaica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 23»

«And yet the old Semitic cult of Ba'al and Belit was a hierophany: it showed (though in unhealthy and monstrous forms) the religious value of organic life, the elementary forces of blood, sexuality and fecundity.»y a la vez sostiene que ese culto era una hierofanía: mostraba, dice, el valor religioso de la vida orgánica y de las fuerzas elementales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 23»

«This hierophany of Yahweh had the final victory; because it represented a universal modality of the sacred, it was by its very nature open to other cultures; it became, by means of Christianity, of world-wide religious value.»explica el triunfo de la hierofanía de Yahvé por su modalidad universal, abierta a otras culturas y llevada por el cristianismo a alcance mundial

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 23»

«It can be seen, then that some hierophanies are, or can in this way become, of universal value and significance, whereas others may remain local or of one period-they are not open to other cultures, and fall eventually into oblivion even in the society which produced them.»la conclusión del apartado: unas hierofanías llegan a valer universalmente y otras quedan locales y caen en el olvido incluso en su propia sociedad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 23»

«But, to return to the great practical difficulty I mentioned earlier: the extreme diversity of the material we are faced with.»abre §2, Difficulties of Method, volviendo sobre la dificultad práctica: la diversidad extrema del material

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 23»

«For one thing (as with all historical material), what we have to hand has survived more or less by chance (not merely in the case of written texts but also of monuments, inscriptions, oral traditions and customs).»primera dificultad del material: lo que ha llegado ha sobrevivido más o menos por azar, y no solo los textos escritos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 23»

«If, for instance, we want to piece together the early history of the Greek religion, we must make do with the very few texts that have come down to us, a few inscriptions, a few mutilated monuments and some votive objects; in the case of the Germanic or Slavonic religions, we are obliged to make use of simple folklore, with the inevitable risks attaching to its handling and interpretation.»ilustra la desigualdad de las fuentes: para la religión griega temprana quedan pocos textos e inscripciones, y para la germánica y la eslava hay que recurrir al folclore

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 24»

«It is exactly as if a critic had to write a history of French literature with no other evidence than some fragments of Racine, a Spanish translation of La Bruyere, a few texts quoted by a foreign critic, the literary recollections of a few travellers and diplomats, the catalogue of a provincial library, the notes and exercise books of a schoolboy, and a few more hints of the same sort.»el símil del crítico que escribiera una historia de la literatura francesa con fragmentos de Racine, una traducción española de La Bruyère y los cuadernos de un escolar. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 24»

«That is really all the material available to a historian of religions: a few fragments from a vast oral priestly learning (the exclusive product of one social class), allusions found in travellers' notes, material gathered by foreign missionaries, reflections drawn from secular literature, a few monuments, a few inscriptions, and what memories remain in local traditions.»aplica el símil a su propio oficio: eso, dice, es todo el material del historiador de las religiones

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 24»

«the religious historian faces a bolder task than the historian, whose job is merely to piece together an event or a series of events with the aid of the few bits of evidence that are preserved to him; the religious historian must trace not only the history of a given hierophany, but must first of all understand and explain the modality of the sacred that that hierophany discloses.»distingue su tarea de la del historiador a secas: no basta trazar la historia de una hierofanía, hay que entender la modalidad de lo sagrado que revela

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 24»

«But, while he would be quite right to note the distinction, he would be wrong if he refused to judge Christianity according to the traditions preserved by the priest on the grounds that he was merely a single individual-if he only held to be genuine the experience represented by the village as a community.»en el ejemplo del budista que estudiara el cristianismo, objeta que sería un error tener por genuina solo la experiencia de la aldea y descartar la tradición del sacerdote

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 25»

«The modalities of the sacred revealed by Christianity are in fact more truly preserved in the tradition represented by the priest (however strongly coloured by history and theology) than in the beliefs of the villagers.»sostiene que las modalidades de lo sagrado se conservan mejor en la tradición del sacerdote que en las creencias de los aldeanos, por más teñida de historia y teología que esté

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 25»

«We find this mistake in method often enough in ethnology. Paul Radin felt he had the right to reject the conclusions reached by the missionary Gusinde in his researches because his enquiries were limited to one man.»traza el mismo error de método en la etnología: Paul Radin rechazó las conclusiones del misionero Gusinde porque su indagación se limitaba a un solo informante

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 25»

«Such an attitude would be justified only if the object of the enquiry were a strictly sociological one: if it were the religious life of a Fuegian community at a given time; but when it is a question of discovering what capacity the Fuegians have of experiencing religion, then the position is quite different.»acota la objeción a Radin: valdría si el objeto fuera sociológico, pero no cuando se pregunta por la capacidad de experiencia religiosa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 25»

«And the capacity of primitives to know different modalities of the sacred is one of the most important problems of religious history.»declara uno de los problemas mayores de su disciplina: la capacidad de los primitivos para conocer distintas modalidades de lo sagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 25»

«religious lives of the most primitive peoples are in fact complex, that they cannot be reduced to " animism", "totemism ", or even ancestor-worship, that they include visions of Supreme Beings with all the powers of an omnipotent Creator-God, then these evolutionist hypotheses which deny the primitive any approach to " superior hierophanies " are nullified.»cierra §2 sosteniendo que, mostrada la complejidad de la vida religiosa de los pueblos más primitivos, quedan anuladas las hipótesis evolucionistas que les negaban acceso a las hierofanías superiores

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 26»

«The comparisons I have used to illustrate the tenuousness of the evidence the religious historian has at his disposal are, of course, imaginary examples and must be taken as such. My first object is to justify the method I have used in this book.»abre §3 declarando que sus símiles son ejemplos imaginarios y que su objeto es justificar el método del libro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 26»

«For the throng who come to the temple of Kalighat in Calcutta every autumn Durga is simply a goddess of terror to whom goats are sacrificed; but for a few initiated siiktas Durga is the manifestation of cosmic life in constant and violent regeneration.»el ejemplo de Durga en Kalighat: para la multitud una diosa de terror a la que se sacrifican cabras, y para unos pocos saktas iniciados la manifestación de la vida cósmica en regeneración

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 26»

«It is very likely that among those who adore the lingam of Siva, a great many see it only as an archetype of the generative organ; but there are others who look to it as a sign, an "image" of the rhythmic creation and destruction of the universe which expresses itself in forms, and periodically returns to its primal, pre-formal unity, before being reborn.»el ejemplo paralelo del lingam de Siva: arquetipo del órgano generador para muchos, imagen de la creación y destrucción rítmicas del universo para otros

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 26»

«In this book I am trying to show that both are equally valuable; that the meaning given by the masses stands for as authentic a modality of the sacred manifested in Durga or Siva as the interpretation of the initiates.»la tesis con que resuelve la disyuntiva: el sentido de las masas vale como modalidad de lo sagrado tanto como la interpretación de los iniciados

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 26»

«And I can show that the two hierophanies fit together-that the modalities of the sacred which they reveal are in no sense contradictory, but are complementary, are parts of a whole.»y añade que las dos hierofanías encajan: las modalidades que revelan no son contradictorias sino complementarias

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 26»

«this evidence is not only heterogeneous in origin (some coming from priests and initiates, some from the masses, some presenting the merest allusions, fragments and sayings, some whole texts), but also in form.»señala que el testimonio es heterogéneo por origen y por forma: unos vienen de sacerdotes e iniciados y otros de las masas, unos son alusiones y otros textos enteros

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 27»

«For instance, plant hierophanies (or the sacred as expressed in vegetation) are to be found equally in symbols (like the Cosmic Tree) or "popular" rites (like " bringing home the May ", the burning of logs, or agricultural ceremonies), in beliefs bound up with the idea that mankind originated from plants, in the mystical relationships which have existed between certain trees and certain individuals or societies, in the superstitions relative to the fertilizing power of fruits or flowers, in the stories of dead heroes' being changed into plants, in the myths and rites of the gods of vegetation and agriculture, and so on.»despliega el caso de las hierofanías vegetales, repartidas entre símbolos, ritos populares, creencias de origen vegetal del hombre, supersticiones sobre la fertilidad y mitos de dioses de la vegetación. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 27»

«The safest method, clearly, is to make use of all these kinds of evidence, omitting no important type, and always asking ourselves what meaning is revealed by each of these hiero»enuncia su regla de trabajo: usar todas las clases de testimonio sin omitir ninguna importante y preguntarse siempre qué sentido revela cada hierofanía. El tramo se corta en el cambio de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 27»

«We shall see in this way that every hierophany in fact supposes such a system; a popular custom bearing a certain relation to " bringing home the May " implies the same sacred meaning of plants expressed in the ideogram of the Cosmic Tree;»sostiene que toda hierofanía supone un sistema: una costumbre popular del mayo implica el mismo sentido sagrado de las plantas que el ideograma del árbol cósmico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 27»

«should describe as a cryptic, or insufficiently clear, local hierophany is the custom of carrying a green branch in solemn procession at the beginning of the spring ; whereas what I should call a " clear " hierophany is the symbol of the Cosmic Tree.»opone una hierofanía críptica, la rama verde llevada en procesión al empezar la primavera, a una clara, el símbolo del árbol cósmico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 28»

«Yet both reveal the same modality of the sacred embodied in plant life: the rhythm of rebirth, the never-ending life that vegetation contains, reality manifested in recurring creation,»y sostiene que las dos revelan la misma modalidad de lo sagrado en la vida vegetal: ritmo de renacimiento y vida sin fin

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 28»

«What must be emphasized at once is that all these hierophanies point to a system of coherent statements, to a theory of the sacred significance of vegetation, the more cryptic hierophanies as much as the others.»el énfasis del apartado: todas esas hierofanías apuntan a un sistema coherente de enunciados sobre el sentido sagrado de la vegetación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 28»

«A symbol and a rite (say) are on such different levels that the rite can never reveal what the symbol reveals.»fija la desigualdad entre los planos: un rito nunca revela lo que revela un símbolo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 28»

«When a sorceress burns a wax doll containing a lock of her victim's hair she does not have in mind the entire theory underlying that bit of magic»el ejemplo de la hechicera que quema un muñeco de cera con un mechón de su víctima: no tiene en mente la teoría entera de esa magia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 28»

«What does matter to our understanding is to know that such an action could only have happened after people had satisfied themselves by experiment, or established theoretically, that nails, hair, or anything a person has worn preserve an intimate relation with their owner even when separated from him.»y añade lo que sí importa: que la práctica supone establecido que uñas, cabello o ropa conservan relación íntima con su dueño aun separados de él

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 28»

«belief is based on the notion of a " space connection " between the most distant things whereby they are linked by means of a kind of sympathy governed by its own specific laws-organic coexistence, formal or symbolic analogy, and functional symmetry.»llama conexión espacial a la noción en que se funda esa magia, con sus leyes de coexistencia orgánica, analogía formal y simetría funcional

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 29»

«It is extremely unlikely that most of those sorceresses to be found to-day have a view of the world that corresponds with the magical practices they perform.»observa que es muy improbable que las hechiceras de hoy tengan una visión del mundo que corresponda a sus prácticas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 29»

«We do not arrive at the mental universe of archaic man by logical investigation, by means of men's explicit beliefs ; it is preserved to us in myths, symbols and customs which still, in spite of every sort of corruption, show clearly what they meant when they began.»niega que se llegue al universo mental del hombre arcaico por sus creencias explícitas: se conserva, dice, en mitos, símbolos y costumbres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 29»

«In a way they are a kind of " living fossils "-and sometimes a single fossil is enough for us to reassemble a whole organism.»la imagen con que cierra: esos restos son fósiles vivientes, y a veces un solo fósil basta para rehacer el organismo entero

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 29»

«I have given each piece of evidence the title hierophany, because each expresses some one modality of the sacred.»abre §4 declarando por qué llama hierofanía a cada testimonio: porque cada uno expresa una modalidad de lo sagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 29»

«The modalities of that expression and the ontological value to be accorded to it are two questions which must be left to the end of this study.»aplaza dos preguntas al final del estudio: las modalidades de esa expresión y el valor ontológico que quepa concederle

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 29»

«Walter Otto noted in his Die Cotter Griechenlands1 how difficult it is for a modern to find any religious meaning in " perfect forms ", one of the categories of the divine current among the ancient Greeks.»atribuye a Walter Otto y a su Die Götter Griechenlands la observación de lo difícil que resulta al moderno hallar sentido religioso en las formas perfectas; el troceo imprime *Die Cotter Griechenlands*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 30»

«If only we can get away from the prejudices of the lecture-room, can consider such beliefs not simply as pantheism, fetishism, infantilism and so on, but as what they actually meant to those who held them, we shall be better able to understand the past and present meaning of the sacred in primitive cultures ; and at the same time our chances of understanding the modes and the history of religion will increase too.»pide dejar los prejuicios del aula y no llamar panteísmo, fetichismo o infantilismo a lo que se estudia, sino ver lo que significaba para quienes lo sostenían. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 30»

«We must get used to the idea of recognizing hierophanies absolutely everywhere, in every area of psychological, economic, spiritual and social life.»la tesis de la multiplicidad: hay que acostumbrarse a reconocer hierofanías en todas partes y en toda área de la vida psicológica, económica, espiritual y social

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 30»

«But it is quite certain that anything man has ever handled, felt, come in contact with or loved can become a hierophany.»sostiene que cualquier cosa que el hombre haya manejado, sentido, tocado o amado puede volverse hierofanía

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 30»

«We know, for instance, that all the gestures, dances and games children have, and many of their toys, have a religious origin-they were once the gestures and objects of worship.»adjudica origen religioso a los gestos, danzas, juegos y juguetes de los niños, que tiene por antiguos gestos y objetos de culto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 30»

«It is unlikely that there is any animal or any important species of plant in the world that has never had a place in religion.»extiende la tesis a animales y plantas: es improbable, dice, que haya especie importante que no haya tenido lugar en alguna religión

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 31»

«In the same way too, every trade, art, industry and technical skill either began as something holy, or has, over the years, been invested with religious value.»y a los oficios: todo arte, industria y destreza técnica o empezó siendo santo o acabó investido de valor religioso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 31»

«Obviously it would be wrong to imagine the whole of mankind's having gone through all these stages; to see every society in turn reaching the sacred in all these ways.»acota la tesis para que no se lea como evolucionismo: sería erróneo imaginar a toda la humanidad pasando por esas etapas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 31»

«But somewhere, at a given time, each human society chose for itself a certain number of things, animals, plants, gestures and so on, and turned them into hierophanies; and as this has been going on for tens of thousands of years of religious life, it seems improbable that there remains anything that has not at some time been so trans»lo que sí sostiene: cada sociedad eligió cierto número de cosas y las volvió hierofanías, y por la duración del proceso es improbable que quede algo sin transfigurar. El tramo se corta en el cambio de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 31»

«If anything whatever may embody separate values, can the sacred-profane dichotomy have any meaning ?»abre §5 formulando la objeción contra sí mismo: si cualquier cosa puede encarnar valores separados, qué sentido queda a la dicotomía sagrado-profano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 31»

«The contradiction is, in fact, only a surface one, for while it is true that anything at all can become a hierophany, and that in all probability there is nothing that has not, somewhere, some time, been invested with a sacred value, it still remains that no one religion or race has ever been found to contain all these hierophanies in its history.»responde que la contradicción es de superficie: ninguna religión ni raza contiene en su historia todas las hierofanías

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 31»

«In other words, in every religious framework there have always been profane beings and things beside the sacred.»la consecuencia: en todo marco religioso ha habido siempre seres y cosas profanos junto a los sagrados

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 31»

«For instance, in the so-called " worship of stones " not all stones are held to be sacred. We shall always find that some stones are venerated because they are a certain shape, or because they are very large, or because they are bound up with some ritual.»el ejemplo de las piedras: en el llamado culto de las piedras no todas son sagradas, sino las de cierta forma, tamaño o ligadas a un rito

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 32»

«Note, too, that it is not a question of actually worshipping the stones ; the stones are venerated precisely because they are not simply stones but hierophanies, something outside their normal status as things.»enmienda el modo de decirlo: no se adoran las piedras, se las venera porque no son simples piedras sino hierofanías

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 32»

«A thing becomes sacred in so far as it embodies (that is, reveals) something other than itself.»la fórmula de la dialéctica de lo sagrado: una cosa se vuelve sagrada en la medida en que encarna, esto es revela, algo distinto de sí misma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 32»

«What matters is that a hierophany implies a choice, a clear-cut separation of this thing which manifests the sacred from everything else around it.»y lo que importa de esa dialéctica: la hierofanía implica una elección, una separación tajante entre la cosa que manifiesta lo sagrado y todo lo demás

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 32»

«The thing that becomes sacred is still separated in regard to itself, for it only becomes a hierophany at the moment of stopping to be a mere profane something, at the moment of acquiring a new " dimension " of sacredness.»precisa que lo sagrado queda separado incluso respecto de sí mismo: es hierofanía en el momento en que deja de ser algo meramente profano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 32»

«Everything unusual, unique, new, perfect or monstrous at once becomes imbued with magico-religious powers and an -object of veneration or fear according to the circumstances (for the sacred usually produces this double reaction).»enuncia el nivel elemental de la dialéctica: lo insólito, único, nuevo, perfecto o monstruoso se carga de poderes mágico-religiosos y produce veneración o miedo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 32»

«When a dog," writes A. C. Kruyt, " is always lucky in hunting, it is measa (ill-starred, a bringer of evil), for too much good luck in hunting makes the Toradja uneasy.»cita a A. C. Kruyt sobre los toradja: un perro siempre afortunado en la caza es measa, portador de mal, porque demasiada suerte inquieta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 32»

«To the Western mind, which almost automatically relates all ideas of the»señala el obstáculo del lector occidental, que remite de modo casi automático toda idea de lo sagrado a formas históricas de la vida religiosa judeocristiana; el tramo se corta donde el troceo reemite la marca de plana y la frase sigue con *sacred, of religion, and even of magic*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 29»

«sacred, of religion, and even of magic to certain historical forms of Judaeo- Christian religious life, alien hierophanies»continuación de esa misma frase al otro lado de la marca de plana: las hierofanías ajenas, las que llama alien, quedan para ese lector como aberraciones

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 29»

«prey must necessarily be fatal to his master ; he will soon die, or his rice-crop will fail, or, more often still, there will be an epidemic among his cattle or his pigs. This belief is general throughout Central Celebes.»sigue la cita de Kruyt sobre los toradja: la virtud mística que hace al perro apresar la caza ha de ser fatal para su amo, y la creencia se da por general en las Célebes centrales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«Perfection in any sphere is frightening, and this sacred or magic quality of perfection may provide an explanation for the fear that even the most civilized societies seem to feel when faced with a genius or a saint.»generaliza el caso: la perfección en cualquier terreno asusta, y esa cualidad sagrada explicaría, dice, el miedo de las sociedades civilizadas ante un genio o un santo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«Perfection is not of this world. It is something different, it comes from somewhere else.»la fórmula con que lo cierra: la perfección no es de este mundo, viene de otra parte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«This same fear, this same scrupulous reserve, applies to everything alien, strange, new-that such astonishing things should be present is the sign of a force that, however much it is to be venerated, may be dangerous.»extiende el mismo temor a lo ajeno, lo extraño y lo nuevo, signo de una fuerza venerable y peligrosa a la vez

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«if the fruit of the banana appears, not at the end of the stalk but in the middle, it is measa . . . . People usually say that it entails the death of its owner. . . . When a certain variety of pumpkin bears two fruits upon a single stem (a similar case to a twin birth) it is measa. It will cause a death in the family of the man who owns the field in which it is growing. The pumpkinplant must be pulled up, for nobody must eat it.»segunda cita de Kruyt: el plátano que fructifica a media caña y la calabaza de dos frutos en un tallo son measa y acarrean muerte al dueño del campo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *pumpkinplant* por *pumpkin-plant*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«As Edwin W. Smith says, " it is especially strange, unusual things, uncommon sights, new-fangled habits, strange foods and ways of doing things that are regarded as manifestations of the hidden powers.»cita a Edwin W. Smith: lo extraño, lo insólito, los alimentos y las maneras nuevas son lo que se tiene por manifestación de los poderes ocultos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«At Tana, in the New Hebrides, all disasters were attributed to the white missionaries who had just come.»el caso de Tana, en las Nuevas Hébridas, donde todos los desastres se atribuyeron a los misioneros blancos recién llegados

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«I will come later to the question, how far such things can be considered hierophanies. They are in any case kratophanies, that is manifestations of power, and are therefore feared and venerated.»abre §6 con una reserva de método: aplaza si esas cosas son hierofanías y las llama por lo pronto cratofanías, manifestaciones de poder

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«This ambivalence of the sacred is not only in the psychological order (in that it attracts or repels)»enuncia la ambivalencia de lo sagrado y la sitúa no solo en el orden psicológico. El tramo se corta antes del cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«Commenting on Virgil's phrase auri sacra fames, Servius1 remarks quite rightly that sacer can mean at the same time accursed and holy.»apoya la ambivalencia en Servio comentando el auri sacra fames de Virgilio: sacer significa a la vez maldito y santo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 34»

«Eustathius2 notes the same double meaning with hagios, which can express at once the notion " pure " and the notion " polluted "»y en Eustacio para hagios, que expresa a la vez lo puro y lo contaminado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 34»

«All the negative valuations of " defilement " (contact with corpses, criminals and so on) result from this ambivalence of hierophanies and kratophanies.»deriva de esa ambivalencia todas las valoraciones negativas de la impureza, el contacto con cadáveres o criminales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 34»

«What is called taboofrom a Polynesian word that the ethnologists have taken overmeans just that : it is the fact of things', or places', or persons', being cut off, or " forbidden ", because contact with them is dangerous.»define el tabú por la palabra polinesia que los etnógrafos adoptaron: cosas, lugares o personas cortados o prohibidos porque el contacto es peligroso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 34»

«You can get some idea of this by glancing through Part II of Frazer's The Golden Bough, Taboo and the Perils of the Soul, or Webster's huge catalogue in his book Taboo.»remite al lector a la parte II de The Golden Bough de Frazer, Taboo and the Perils of the Soul, y al catálogo de Webster

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 34»

«The Malagasy word that corresponds to taboo isfady,faly, which means what is " sacred, forbidden, out of bounds, incestuous, ill-omened "7-really, in other words, what is dangerous.»toma de la monografía de Van Gennep sobre Madagascar el término malgache fady o faly, que reúne lo sagrado, lo prohibido, lo incestuoso y lo aciago, y que lee como lo peligroso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 34»

«Here again, you see, we find the unusual and the new transformed into kratophanies. They are g6nerally mere lightning-flashes, for such taboos are not lasting in their nature ; as soon as things are known and handled, fitted into the primitive cosmos, they lose all power to upset the order of things.»observa que esos tabúes malgaches son relámpagos: en cuanto lo nuevo se conoce y se maneja, pierde el poder de alterar el orden

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 35»

«Another Malagasy term is loza, which the dictionaries tell us means : " All that is outside, or runs counter to, the natural order ; any public calamity, or unusual misfortune, sin against the natural law, or incest.»el segundo término malgache, loza, que los diccionarios dan como todo lo que queda fuera del orden natural o lo contraría

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 35»

«Clearly death and sickness are phenomena that also come within the category of the unusual and frightening.»sitúa la muerte y la enfermedad dentro de la categoría de lo insólito y temible

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 35»

«It is forbidden to touch a dead man, to look at him, or to mention his name.»los interdictos sobre el muerto: no tocarlo, no mirarlo, no nombrarlo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 35»

«In each case the interdict is a provisional one due to a temporary concentration of powers in some person or thing (a woman, a corpse, a sick man), or to someone's being in a dangerous situation (a soldier, huntsman, fisherman, and so on).»distingue los tabúes provisionales, debidos a una concentración temporal de poderes o a una situación peligrosa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 35»

«But there are also permanent taboos : those attaching to a king or a holy man, to a name or to iron, or to certain cosmic regions (the mountain of Ambondrome which none dares approach, 4 lakes, rivers, or even whole islands).»y los permanentes, los del rey, el santo, el nombre, el hierro o ciertas regiones cósmicas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 35»

«A king is an absolute powerhouse of forces simply because he is a king, and one must take certain precautions before approaching him ; he must not be directly looked at or touched ; nor must he be directly spoken to, and so on.»el rey como central de fuerzas por el solo hecho de serlo, con las precauciones que impone: no mirarlo, no tocarlo, no hablarle de frente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 35»

«As for the " tabooing " of certain metals (iron, for instance), or certain places (islands and mountains), there may be various causes : the novelty of the metal, or the fact that it is used for secret work (by sorcerers and smelters, for instance) ; the majesty or the mystery of certain mountains, or the fact that they cannot be fitted, or have not as yet been fitted, into the local universe, and so on.»enumera las causas posibles del tabú de metales y lugares: la novedad del metal, su uso en trabajos secretos, la majestad de ciertas montañas o el no haber sido encajadas aún en el universo local

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 36»

«However, the elements of the taboo itself are always the same : certain things, or persons, or places belong in some way to a different order of being, and therefore any contact with them will produce an upheaval at the ontological level which might well prove fatal.»la fórmula general del tabú: lo tabuado pertenece a otro orden de ser, y el contacto produciría una conmoción de nivel ontológico acaso fatal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 36»

«Certain food is so holy that it must not be eaten at all, or be eaten in small portions only.»cita a Westermarck sobre el alimento demasiado santo para comerse o que solo se come en porciones mínimas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 36»

«When the wheat is on the threshing-floor one tries to increase its " power " (baraka), yet if too much power accumulates it may become harmful. 2 For the same reason, if honey is too rich in baraka it is dangerous.»el ejemplo marroquí de la baraka: se busca aumentar el poder del trigo en la era, pero si se acumula demasiado se vuelve dañino, y lo mismo con la miel

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 36»

«What can be noted now is the self-contradictory attitude displayed by man in regard to all that is sacred (using the word in its widest sense). On the one hand he hopes to secure and strengthen his own reality by the most fruitful contact he can attain with hierophanies and kratophanies ; on the other, he fears he may lose it completely if he is totally lifted to a plane of being higher than his natural profane»enuncia la actitud contradictoria del hombre ante lo sagrado: busca asegurar su realidad por el contacto y teme perderla del todo si queda alzado a un plano superior. El tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 36»

«This ambivalence of attitude towards the sacred is found not only where you have negative hierophanies and kratophanies (fear of corpses, of spirits, of anything defiled), but even in the most developed religious forms.»extiende la ambivalencia más allá de las hierofanías negativas, hasta las formas religiosas más desarrolladas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 37»

«Even such theophanies as are revealed by the great Christian mystics repel the vast majority of men as well as attracting them (the repulsion may appear under many forms-hatred, scorn, fear, wilful ignor»sostiene que hasta las teofanías de los grandes místicos cristianos repelen a la mayoría al tiempo que la atraen. El tramo se corta en el guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 37»

«This setting-apart sometimes has positive effects ; it does not merely isolate, it elevates.»el giro del apartado: apartar no solo aísla, también eleva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 37»

«Thus ugliness and deformities, while marking out those who possess them, at the same time make them sacred.»de ahí que la fealdad y las deformidades marquen y a la vez consagren a quien las lleva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 37»

«many receive the name of witches without making any pretension to the art, merely because they are deformed or ill-looking»el testimonio sobre los ojibwa: muchos reciben nombre de brujos sin pretenderlo, solo por ser deformes o de mal aspecto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 37»

«Reade states that in the Congo all dwarfs and albinos are elevated to the priesthood. " There is little doubt that the awe with which this class of men is generally regarded, in consequence of their outward appearance, also accounts for the belief that they are endowed with secret powers.»atribuye a Reade la noticia de que en el Congo enanos y albinos son elevados al sacerdocio, y explica la creencia por el temor que inspira su apariencia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 37»

«That shamans, sorcerers and medicine men are recruited for preference from among neuropaths and those who are nervously unbalanced is due to this same value set upon the unaccustomed and the extraordinary.»sostiene que chamanes, hechiceros y curanderos se reclutan de preferencia entre neurópatas y desequilibrados, por ese mismo valor puesto en lo insólito

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 37»

«Such stigmata indicate a choice ; those who have them must simply submit to the divinity or the spirits who have thus singled them out, by becoming priests, shamans, or sorcerers.»lee esos estigmas como señal de elección: quien los lleva ha de someterse a la divinidad que lo ha señalado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 37»

«But in every case a choice has been made.»cierra §6 con la fórmula que le importa: en todo caso ha habido una elección

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 38»

«The unknown and the extraordinary are disturbing epiphanies : they indicate the presence of something other than the natural ; the presence, or at least the call of that something.»abre §7, Mana: lo desconocido y lo extraordinario son epifanías perturbadoras que indican la presencia, o al menos la llamada, de algo distinto de lo natural

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 38»

«Such examples may help us to understand the Melanesian idea of mana from which some authors have thought it possible to trace the origins of every religious phenomenon.»presenta el mana melanesio y advierte que algunos autores creyeron poder derivar de él el origen de todo fenómeno religioso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 38»

«Mana is, for the Melanesians, that mysterious but active power which belongs to certain people, and generally to the souls of the dead and all spirits.»la definición que da del mana: poder misterioso pero activo que pertenece a ciertas personas y por lo común a las almas de los muertos y a los espíritus

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 38»

«The tremendous act of creating the cosmos could only be performed by the mana of the Divinity ; the head of a family also possesses mana, the English conquered the Maoris because their mana was stronger, the worship of a Christian missionary has a higher mana than that of the old rites.»los ejemplos con que gradúa el mana: solo el de la divinidad pudo crear el cosmos, los ingleses vencieron a los maoríes porque su mana era más fuerte, y el culto del misionero tiene más mana que los ritos viejos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 38»

«But men and things only possess marla because they have received it from higher beings, or, in other words, because and in so far as they have a mystical sharing of life with the sacred.»el límite que pone: hombres y cosas solo tienen mana porque lo han recibido de seres superiores, por participación mística en la vida de lo sagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 38»

«If a stone is found to have a supernatural power, it is because a spirit has associated itself with it ; a dead man's bone has with it mana, because the ghost is with the bone ; a man may have so close a connection with a spirit or ghost that he has mana in himself also, and can so direct it as to effect what he desires.»cita a Codrington: la piedra tiene poder porque un espíritu se le asoció, el hueso del muerto porque el fantasma está con él, y el hombre por conexión estrecha con un espíritu. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 38»

«In some areas the ruler must not touch the ground, for he has enough power in him to destroy it completely ; he has to be»el caso extremo: en algunas áreas el soberano no debe tocar el suelo porque su poder bastaría para destruirlo; la frase sigue en la plana siguiente con que hay que llevarlo en andas o sobre alfombras

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 35»

«A man is a good fighter not because of his own strength or resources but because of the strength he gets from the mana of some dead fighter ; this mana may lie in the little stone amulet hanging round his neck, in some leaves fastened to his belt, or in some spoken formula.»sigue exponiendo el mana según Codrington: el buen guerrero no lo es por su fuerza sino por el mana de un guerrero muerto, alojado en un amuleto de piedra, en hojas del cinturón o en una fórmula

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 39»

«Everything that is supremely, possesses mana ; everything, in fact, that seems to man effective, dynamic, creative or perfect.»la fórmula con que resume: todo lo que es en grado sumo posee mana, todo lo que parece al hombre eficaz, dinámico, creador o perfecto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 39»

«The English anthropologist Marrett thought it possible to detect, in this belief in the existence of an impersonal force, a pre-animist phase of religion-in opposition to the theories of Tylor and his school, who held that the first phase of religion could only be animism.»expone la tesis de Marrett, que veía en el mana una fase preanimista de la religión, contra Tylor y su escuela, para quienes la primera fase solo podía ser el animismo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 39»

«I do not want, at the moment, to discuss exactly how far one is right in speaking of any " first phase " of religion ; nor do I want to see whether the identification of such a primal phase will prove to be the same thing as finding the " origins " of religion itself.»se abstiene de discutir si cabe hablar de una primera fase de la religión y de si identificarla equivaldría a hallar sus orígenes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 39»

«note that in the first place the idea of mana, though it is to be found in religions outside the Melanesian area, is not a universal idea, and therefore can hardly be taken to represent the first phase of all religions, and, in the second, that it is not quite correct to see mana as an impersonal force.»pone dos reparos al mana como clave universal: no es idea universal y no es del todo correcto verlo como fuerza impersonal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 39»

«The Sioux call this force wakan ; it exists everywhere in the universe, but only manifests itself in extraordinary phenomena (such as the sun, the moon, thunder, wind, etc.) and in strong personalities (sorcerers, Christian missionaries, figures of myth and legend, and so on).»el wakan de los sioux, que existe en todo el universo pero solo se manifiesta en fenómenos extraordinarios y en personalidades fuertes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 40»

«The Iroquois use the term orenda to mean the same idea : a storm possesses orenda, the orenda of a bird that is hard to bring down is very cunning, a man who is enraged is a prey to his orenda, etc.»el orenda de los iroqueses, con sus ejemplos: la tormenta lo tiene, el pájaro difícil de abatir lo tiene astuto, y el hombre encolerizado es presa del suyo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 40»

«Oki to the Hurons, zemi to the West Indians, megbe to the African pygmies (Bambuti)-all these words mean the same sort of thing as mana. But, let me repeat, not everyone possesses oki, zemi, megbe, orenda and so on ; only divinities, heroes, souls of the dead, or men and things in some way connected with the sacred, such as sorcerers, fetishes, idols and so on.»la serie de equivalentes —oki, zemi, megbe— y el límite que repite: no todos los poseen, solo divinidades, héroes, almas de muertos y quienes están ligados a lo sagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 40»

«Megbe is everywhere, but its power is not shown everywhere with the same intensity, nor in the same manner. Some animals are richly endowed with it ; one man may possess more megbe, another less. Capable men become eminent simply because of the amount of megbe they amass. Sorcerers too have a great deal. Jt seems to be power bound up with the soul-shadow, destined to disappear with it at death and either transfer itself to someone else, or become changed into the Totem.»cita a Paul Schebesta sobre el megbe de los pigmeos bambuti: está en todas partes pero no con la misma intensidad, se acumula, y parece ligado a la sombra-alma que se transfiere o se cambia en tótem al morir. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 40»

«Although some scholars have added certain other terms to this list (the Masai's ngai, the Malagasy andriamanitha, the Dyaks' petara, and so on), and there are those who would place a similar interpretation upon the Indian brahman, the Iranian xvarenah, the Roman imperium, the Nordic hamingjathe idea of mana is not found everywhere.»enumera los términos que otros añadieron a la serie —ngai masái, andriamanitha malgache, petara dayak, y aun brahman, xvarenah e imperium— y repite que la idea de mana no está en todas partes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 40»

«Mana does not appear in all religions, and even where it does appear it is neither the only nor the oldest religious form.»y el corolario: donde aparece no es la única forma religiosa ni la más antigua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 40»

«Mana, in other words, is by no means universal, and its use, therefore, as a foundation on which to build up a general theory of primitive religion is not only misleading but also fallacious.»cita a Hogbin, para quien usar el mana como cimiento de una teoría general de la religión primitiva no solo despista sino que es falaz

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 40»

«Paul Radin, for instance, when analysing the conclusions drawn by Jones, Fletcher and Hewitt from their researches on wakanda and manito among the Sioux and the Algonquins, remarks that these terms mean " sacred ", " strange ", " remarkable ", " wonderful ", " unusual ", " powerful "-without conveying the slightest notion of " inherent power "»cita a Paul Radin sobre wakanda y manito: los términos significan sagrado, extraño, notable, maravilloso, insólito, poderoso, sin noción alguna de poder inherente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 41»

«Marrett-and others-thought that mana represented an " impersonal force ", although Codrington had already drawn attention to the fact that this power, though " itself impersonal, is always connected with some person who directs it. . . . No man has this force of himself; all he does he does with the help of personal beings, spirits of nature or the spirits of his an»opone a Marrett la advertencia de Codrington: el poder, impersonal en sí, va siempre ligado a una persona que lo dirige, y nadie lo tiene por sí mismo. El tramo se corta en el guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 41»

«How can it be impersonal, if it is always bound up with personal beings ?»la objeción de Hocart que recoge: cómo puede ser impersonal si va siempre ligado a seres personales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 41»

«In Guadalcanal and Malaita, for instance, nanama is exclusively possessed by the spirits of the dead, though they can use their power to benefit man. " A man may work very hard, but unless he wins the approval of the spirits, and they use their power for his benefit, he will never become wealthy.»el caso de Guadalcanal y Malaita según Hogbin: el nanama solo lo poseen los espíritus de los muertos, y sin su aprobación el trabajo no enriquece

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 41»

«Every endeavour is made to secure the favour of the spirits so that mana will always be available. Sacrifices are the commonest method of winning approval, but certain other ceremonies are also supposed to be pleasing.»sigue Hogbin: se busca por todos los medios el favor de los espíritus para tener mana disponible, y el sacrificio es el método más común

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 41»

«Then, too, Radin notes that the Indian makes no opposition between personal and impersonal, or coiporal and incorporeal. " What he seems to be interested in is the question of existence, of reality ; and everything that is perceived by the senses, thought of, felt and dreamt of, exiȦts. It follows, consequently, that most of the problems connected with the nature of spirit as personal or impersonal do not exist.»cita de nuevo a Radin: el indio no opone lo personal a lo impersonal ni lo corporal a lo incorpóreo, sino que se interesa por la existencia y la realidad. El troceo imprime *exiȦts* y *coiporal*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 41»

«put the problem in ontological terms : what exists and what is real, what does not exist-rather than in the terms of personal or impersonal, and corporal or incorporeal--concepts to which the " primitives " did not attach the same significance as later cultures.»su propia propuesta: plantear el problema en términos ontológicos, qué existe y qué es real, y no en los de personal e impersonal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 42»

«Anything possessing mana exists on the ontological level and is for that reason efficacious, fecund, fertile.»la tesis que deriva: lo que posee mana existe en el plano ontológico y por eso mismo es eficaz, fecundo, fértil

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 42»

«Nowhere do we find mana existing of itself, standing apart from things, cosmic events, beings or men.»niega que el mana exista por sí, aparte de cosas, acontecimientos cósmicos, seres u hombres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 42»

«There seems in fact to be no justification for seeing mana as an impersonal magic force. To go on from this to seeing a prereligious phase-dominated solely by magic-must therefore be equally mistaken.»objeta la doble tesis: ni el mana es fuerza mágica impersonal ni cabe deducir de él una fase prerreligiosa dominada solo por la magia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 42»

«Such a theory is invalidated in any case by the fact that not all peoples (particularly the most primitive) have any such belief as that in mana ; and also by the fact that magic-although it is to be found more or less everywherenever exists apart from religion.»los dos hechos con que la objeta: no todos los pueblos creen en algo como el mana, y la magia nunca se da separada de la religión. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *everywherenever* por *everywhere—never*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 42»

«Indeed, magic does not dominate the spiritual life of " primitive " societies everywhere by any means ; it is, on the contrary, in the more developed societies that it becomes so prevalent. (As instances I would quote the Kurnai of Australia and the Fuegians, among whom it is very little practised ; and it is far less known among certain Eskimo and Koryak societies than among their Ainu and Samoyed neighbours, who are far above them in cultural and other ways.)»y el dato que invierte el lugar común: la magia no domina en todas partes la vida espiritual de las sociedades primitivas, y es en las más desarrolladas donde prevalece. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 42»

«However, I have shown how unwise it is to make hasty generalizations ; how wrong it is, for instance, to speak of mana as an impersonal force, since it is only by some sort of personification or embodiment that it becomes accessible to religious experience, or to the eyes of profane man ; how it is wiser to set out the problem in ontological terms, saying that all that exists fully has mana ; and lastly, how the distinction between personal and impersonal has no clear meaning in the mental universe of the primitive, and is therefore better left aside.»recapitula sus tres reservas: no generalizar de prisa, no llamar impersonal al mana, y dejar de lado la distinción entre personal e impersonal por no tener sentido claro en el universo mental primitivo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 43»

«No religion has ever been found consisting only of such elementary manifestations. The categories of the sacred invariably show themselves wider than merely manifestations of the unusual, of mana, of ancestor-worship, belief in spirits, nature cults and so on.»niega que exista religión alguna hecha solo de manifestaciones elementales: las categorías de lo sagrado son siempre más anchas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 43»

«Alongside these wholly simple religious theories and experiences we continually find more or less marked traces of other experiences and theories, traces, for instance, of worship of a Supreme Being.»sostiene que junto a las teorías simples se hallan siempre trazas de otras experiencias, entre ellas el culto de un Ser Supremo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 43»

«belief in a Supreme Being, creator, omnipotent, dwelling in the heavens and manifesting himself by epiphanies of the sky, appears to some extent among almost all primitives»adelanta la tesis del capítulo siguiente: la creencia en un Ser Supremo celeste, creador y omnipotente aparece en algún grado entre casi todos los primitivos. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma del cuerpo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 43»

«but this Supreme Being has almost no place in the cult-his place is taken there by other religious forces (totemism, ancestor-worship, mythologies of sun and moon, epiphanies of fertility, and so on).»y el reparo que la acompaña: ese Ser Supremo casi no tiene lugar en el culto, ocupado por totemismo, culto de los antepasados y mitologías solares y lunares

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 43»

«Elementary hierophanies and lightning-flash kratophanies are only elements of archaic religious experience, and though they sometimes dominate it, they are never the whole of it.»fija el lugar de lo elemental: son solo elementos de la experiencia religiosa arcaica, y aunque a veces la dominen nunca la agotan

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 44»

«Besides, these elementary manifestations are not always " closed ", or monovalent. They can develop, if not in their religious content, at least in their formal function.»añade que esas manifestaciones elementales no son cerradas ni monovalentes: pueden desarrollarse al menos en su función formal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 44»

«A sacred stone will manifest one modality of the sacred at one moment of history : this stone shows that the sacred is something other than the cosmic surroundings, and like stone, the sacred is absolutely, invulnerable, steadfast, beyond change.»el ejemplo de la piedra sagrada: muestra que lo sagrado es otra cosa que su entorno cósmico, y que como la piedra es invulnerable, firme y ajeno al cambio

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 44»

«same stone may be venerated later on not for what it reveals directly (not, that is, as an elementary hierophany) but because it has become a part of some sacred spot (temple, altar, or some such), or because it is held to be the manifestation of a god, or for some other reason (cf. § 74).»y la revaluación: la misma piedra puede venerarse después no por lo que revela sino por formar parte de un lugar sagrado o por tenerse por manifestación de un dios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 44»

«We shall meet a great many such revaluations of primal hierophanies, for the history of religion is, from the scientific aspect, largely the history of the devaluations and the revaluations which make up the process of the expression of the sacred.»la tesis que da nombre al apartado siguiente: la historia de la religión es en gran parte la de las desvaloraciones y revaloraciones por las que se expresa lo sagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 44»

«Idolatry and its condemnation are thus attitudes that come quite naturally to a mind faced with the phenomenon of the hierophany ; there is justification for both positions.»sostiene que la idolatría y su condena son las dos actitudes naturales ante la hierofanía, y que las dos tienen justificación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 44»

«And be it clearly understood that " most elementary " does not mean in»aclara qué entiende por elemental, y el tramo se corta donde el troceo reemite la marca de plana: la frase sigue diciendo que no es lo más primitivo psicológicamente ni lo más antiguo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 39»

«any sense most primitive psychologically, nor oldest chronologically : the elementary level means a simple and undisguised modality of the sacred made manifest.»continuación de esa misma aclaración al otro lado de la marca: el nivel elemental es una modalidad simple y sin disfraz de lo sagrado hecha manifiesta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 39»

«All these hierophanies and kratophanies indicate some sort of choice ; what has been»abre §8 recordando que toda hierofanía y toda cratofanía indican una elección; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 42»

«chosen is taken for granted as being strong, efficacious, dread or fertile, even if the " choice " is only a thing's being singled out by being unusual, new, or freakish ; what is chosen and shown to be so by means of a hierophany or a kratophany, often becomes dangerous, forbidden or defiled.»continuación en la plana siguiente: lo elegido se tiene por fuerte, eficaz, temible o fértil, y a menudo se vuelve peligroso, prohibido o impuro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 43»

«problem of history ; it is due to forces which can in part be identified.»continuación en la plana siguiente: es problema de historia y se debe a fuerzas identificables en parte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 44»

«There is, in their lifetime, a revelation more " complete ", more consistent with their spiritual and cultural powers, and they cannot believe, they cannot see any religious value, in the hierophanies accepted in previous stages of religious development.»explica al iconoclasta desde dentro: quien recibe una revelación más completa no puede ya ver valor religioso en las hierofanías de las etapas anteriores

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 45»

«On the other hand, the opposite attitude, called for the purposes of this study " idolatry ", is also fully justified both by the religious experience itself and by history.»y da por igualmente justificada la actitud contraria, la que aquí llama idolatría

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 45»

«This attitude, which consists in preserving, in some sense, and constantly revaluing the ancient hierophanies, is supported by the very dialectic of the sacred, for the sacred is always manifested through some thing»define esa actitud como preservar y revalorar sin cesar las hierofanías antiguas, apoyada en la dialéctica misma de lo sagrado, que siempre se manifiesta a través de alguna cosa. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 45»

«The dialectic works in the same way : the sacred expresses itself through something other than itself; it appears in things, myths or symbols, but never wholly or directly.»la fórmula de esa dialéctica: lo sagrado se expresa por algo distinto de sí y aparece en cosas, mitos o símbolos, pero nunca entero ni directamente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 45»

«This paradox of incarnation which makes hierophanies possible at all-whether the most elementary or the supreme Incarnation of the Word in Christ-is to be found everywhere in religious history»llama paradoja de la encarnación a lo que hace posible toda hierofanía, de la más elemental a la del Verbo en Cristo, y la da por presente en toda la historia religiosa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 45»

«I have said (§ 5), that everything out of the ordinary, largescale, or novel could become a hierophany»abre §9 recordando lo dicho en el §5: todo lo que sale de lo ordinario, lo grande o lo nuevo puede volverse hierofanía. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *largescale* por *large-scale*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 45»

«The Konde of Tanganyika believe in a Supreme Being, Kyala or Lesa, who, like all the Supreme Beings of the Africans, is endowed with all the majesty of a heavenly, creating, omnipotent and law-giving God.»el caso de los konde de Tanganica y su Ser Supremo Kyala o Lesa, con los rasgos que atribuye a los Seres Supremos africanos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 46»

«Anything great of its kind, such as a great ox or even a great he-goat, or any other impressive object, is called Kyala, by which it may be meant that God takes up his abode temporarily in these things. When a great storm lashes the lake into fury, God is walking on the face of the waters : when the roar of the waterfall is louder than usual, it is the voice of God. The earthquake is caused by his mighty footstep, and the lightning is /esa, God coming down in anger. God sometimes comes also in the body of a lion or a snake, and it is in that form he walks about among men to behold their doings.»cita a Frazer, The Worship of Nature, sobre Lesa: el buey grande o el objeto imponente se llaman Kyala, la tormenta es Dios andando sobre las aguas y el terremoto su pisada. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 46»

«In the same way among the Shilluk, the name of the Supreme Being, Juok, is given to anything miraculous or monstrous, anything foreign, anything a Shilluk cannot understand.»el caso paralelo de los shilluk, que dan el nombre de su Ser Supremo, Juok, a lo milagroso, lo monstruoso y lo extranjero

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 46»

«In this example we see elementary hierophanies and startling and transient kratophanies given their value by being seen as part of a manifestation of the Supreme Being : the unusual, the.extraordinary, the novel, are all given their religious value as modalities of Lesa or Juok.»lee los dos casos como integración: lo insólito y lo extraordinario reciben valor religioso como modalidades de Lesa o de Juok

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 46»

«I will not for the moment attempt to analyse this phenomenon layer by layer, or try to ascertain its history-to see whether belief in a Supreme Being carne before the notion that the extraordinary was a sign of the sacred, or vice versa, or whether the two religious experiences happened at once.»se abstiene de decidir qué vino antes, la creencia en el Ser Supremo o la noción de lo extraordinario como signo de lo sagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 46»

«This example is particularly instructive, as it concerns African peoples who, one supposes, have not experienced the severe systematization imposed by theologians or mystics.»por qué le importa el caso africano: se trata de pueblos que, supone, no han pasado por la sistematización severa de teólogos ni de místicos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 46»

«The Vaisnavite school of Indian mysticism gives the name arka, " homage ", to all the material things people have been venerating for centuries (the tulasi plant, Stilagriima stones, or the idols of Vi÷l).u), and as a result considers them all as epiphanies of the great God.»el segundo ejemplo, la escuela vaisnava, que llama arka u homenaje a las cosas materiales veneradas y las tiene por epifanías del gran dios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 47»

«The mystics and theologians, however, interpret this paradoxical epiphany as a moment of its dialectic when the sacred, though eternal, absolute and unfettered, manifests itself in a precarious and contingent material thing.»cómo interpretan esa epifanía sus místicos y teólogos: un momento de la dialéctica en que lo sagrado eterno y libre se manifiesta en una cosa material precaria

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 47»

«But it also has a theological meaning : by becoming thus embodied the god reveals his freedom to take on whatever form he wishes, just as the sacred can, paradoxically, coincide with the profane without nullifying its own mode of being.»el sentido teológico que le atribuye: al encarnarse, el dios revela su libertad de tomar la forma que quiera, como lo sagrado coincide con lo profano sin anular su propio modo de ser

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 47»

«Though he is omniscient Vi÷I).U shows himself in the arkas as if he were without knowledge; though a spirit, he appears material ; though truly God he appears to be at the disposal of man ; though all-powerful he appears weak ; though free of all care he appears to need looking after ; though inaccessible [to sense], he appears as tangible.»cita a Locacarya sobre la paradoja del arka: omnisciente, se muestra sin conocimiento; espíritu, aparece material; Dios, aparece a disposición del hombre. El troceo imprime el nombre como *Locadirya* y *L6cadirya*. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 47»

«One's first reaction is to see this as a mystical theologian giving a high-flown interpretation of an ancient and popular religious act ; in itself the act reveals nowhere near all that the mystic and theologian see in it.»formula la objeción que él mismo se pone: que el teólogo místico esté dando una interpretación elevada de un acto popular antiguo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 47»

«But though this objection seems so reasonable, it is very hard to say whether or not it is justified.»y la deja sin resolver: por razonable que parezca la objeción, dice, es muy difícil decir si está justificada

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 47»

«In fact, this paradoxical coming-together of sacred and profane, being and non-being, absolute and relative, the eternal and the becoming, is what every hierophany, even the most elementary, reveals.»enuncia lo que toda hierofanía revela: la coincidencia paradójica de sagrado y profano, ser y no ser, absoluto y relativo, eterno y devenir

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 48»

«This coming-together of sacred and profane really produces a kind of breakthrough of the various levels of existence. It is implied in every hierophany whatever, for every hierophany shows, makes manifest, the coexistence of contradictory essences : sacred and profane, spirit and matter, eternal and non-eternal, and so on.»llama a esa coincidencia una ruptura de niveles de existencia, e insiste en que toda hierofanía manifiesta la coexistencia de esencias contradictorias

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 48»

«One might even say that all hierophanies are simply prefigurations of the miracle of the Incarnation, that every hierophany is an abortive attempt to reveal the mystery of the coming together of God and man.»la formulación más fuerte del apartado, dicha en condicional: toda hierofanía sería prefiguración del milagro de la Encarnación y tentativa fallida de revelar el misterio del encuentro de Dios y el hombre

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 48»

«Ockham, for instance, even went so far as to write : " Est articulus fidei quod Deus assumpsit naturam humanam. Non includit contradictionem, Deus assumere naturam assinam. Pari ratione potest assumere lapidum aut lignum.»cita a Ockham en latín: que Dios asumiera naturaleza asnina no incluiría contradicción, y por la misma razón podría asumir una piedra o un leño

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 48»

«It does not, therefore, seem absurd in the least to study the nature of primitive hierophanies in the light of Christian theology : God is free to manifest himself under any form-even that of stone or wood. Leaving out for a moment the word " God ", this may be translated : the sacred may be seen under any sort of form, even the most alien.»de ahí saca su licencia de método: estudiar las hierofanías primitivas a la luz de la teología cristiana, y traducir que lo sagrado puede verse bajo cualquier forma, aun la más ajena

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 48»

«The sacred is qualitatively different from the profane, yet it may manifest itself no matter how or where in the profane world because of its power of turning any natural object into a paradox by means of a hierophany (it ceases to be itself, as a natural object, though in appearance it remains unchanged) ;»primer principio rector que extrae: lo sagrado difiere cualitativamente de lo profano y sin embargo puede manifestarse en cualquier parte de él, volviendo paradójico a cualquier objeto natural

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 49»

«This dialectic of the sacred belongs to all religions, not only to the supposedly " primitive " forms. It is expressed as much in the worship of stones and trees, as in the theology of»segundo principio: la dialéctica de lo sagrado pertenece a todas las religiones y no solo a las que se suponen primitivas. El tramo se corta donde el troceo reemite la marca de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 49»

«Nowhere do you find only elementary hierophanies (the kratophanies of the unusual, the extraordinary, the novel, mana, etc.), but also t1aces of religious forms which evolutionist thought would call superior (Supreme Beings, moral laws, mythologies, and so on) ;»tercer principio: en ninguna parte hay solo hierofanías elementales, siempre hay trazas de las formas que el pensamiento evolucionista llamaría superiores. El troceo imprime *t1aces*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 49»

«We find everywhere, even apart from these traces of higher religious forms, a system into which the elementary hierophanies fit. The " system " is always greater than they are: it is made up of all the religious experiences of the tribe (mana, kratophanies of the unusual, etc., totemism, ancestor worship, and much more), but also contains a corpus of traditional theories which cannot be reduced to elementary hierophanies : for instance, myths about the origin of the world and the human race, myths explaining present human conditions, the theories underlying various rites, moral notions, and so on.»cuarto principio: hay siempre un sistema mayor que las hierofanías elementales, hecho de las experiencias religiosas de la tribu y de un cuerpo de teorías tradicionales. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 49»

«One could attempt to vindicate the hierophanies which preceded the miracle of the Incarnation in the light of Christian teaching, by showing their importance as a series of prefigurations of that Incarnation. Consequently, far from thinking of pagan religious ways (fetishes, idols and such) as false and degenerate stages in the religious feeling of mankind fallen in sin, one may see them as desperate attempts to prefigure the mystery of the Incarnation. The whole religious life of mankind͈ xpressed in the dialectic of hierophanies-would, from this standpoint, be simply a waiting for Christ.»nota al pie donde lleva al extremo la lectura cristiana: las vías religiosas paganas no serían etapas falsas y degeneradas sino tentativas desesperadas de prefigurar la Encarnación, y la vida religiosa entera de la humanidad una espera de Cristo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 49»

«Certainly some forms will be found to dominate the religious picture (totemism in Australia for example, mana in Melanesia, ancestor-worship in Africa, and so on), but they are never the whole of it.»concede que ciertas formas dominan cada cuadro —totemismo en Australia, mana en Melanesia, culto de los antepasados en África— y niega que lo agoten

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 50»

«Indeed one of the major differences separating the people of the early cultures from people to-day is precisely the utter incapacity of the latter to live their organic life (particularly as regards sex and nutrition) as a sacrament.»la diferencia mayor que traza entre las culturas antiguas y la de hoy: la incapacidad moderna de vivir la vida orgánica, y sobre todo el sexo y la comida, como sacramento

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 50»

«Psychoanalysis and historical materialism have taken as surest confirmation of their theses the important part played by sexuality and nutrjtion among peoples still at the ethnological stage.»observa que el psicoanálisis y el materialismo histórico tomaron por confirmación de sus tesis el lugar del sexo y la nutrición entre esos pueblos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 50»

«What they have missed, however, is how utterly different from their modern meaning are the value and even the function of eroticism and of nutrition among those peoples.»y objeta lo que pasaron por alto: cuán distinto del moderno es el valor, y aun la función, del erotismo y de la nutrición entre ellos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 50»

«For the modern they are simply physiological acts, whereas for primitive man they were sacraments, ceremonies by means of which he communicated with the force which stood for Life itself.»el contraste que fija: actos fisiológicos para el moderno, sacramentos para el primitivo, ceremonias de comunicación con la fuerza que era la Vida misma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 50»

«In fact, the theologian is doing no more than translate into more explicit formulre what»su respuesta a esa objeción: el teólogo no hace más que traducir a fórmulas más explícitas lo que ya está implicado en la paradoja del ídolo; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana y el troceo imprime *formulre* por *formulae*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 47»

«is implied in the paradox of the idol (and of all other hierophanies too) : the sacred manifesting itself in something profane.»continuación en la plana siguiente: lo implicado en la paradoja del ídolo y de toda hierofanía es lo sagrado manifestándose en algo profano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 48»

«In fact, what is paradoxical, what is beyond our understanding, is not that the sacred can be»precisa dónde está la paradoja, y el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana: no en que lo sagrado se manifieste en piedras o árboles

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 48»

«manifested in stones or in trees, but that it can be manifested at all, that it can thus become limited and relative.»continuación en la plana siguiente: lo paradójico es que lo sagrado se manifieste en absoluto, esto es, que se vuelva limitado y relativo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 49»

«spreads beyond the sphere one normally allots to religious experience and theory, and second, that that religious life is always complex-the simple and one-dimensional presentation so often to be found in works of synthesis and popularization depends entirely on the author's more or less arbitrary selectiveness.»sostiene, contra los libros de síntesis y divulgación, que la vida religiosa del primitivo desborda la esfera que se le asigna y es siempre compleja, y que la presentación unidimensional depende de la selección arbitraria del autor

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 50»

«We find as well a mass of symbols, cosmic, biological or social occurrences, ideograms and ideas, which are of great importance on the religious plane, though their connection with actual religious experience may not always be clear to us moderns.»añade al cuadro una masa de símbolos, sucesos cósmicos, biológicos o sociales e ideogramas cuya conexión con la experiencia religiosa, dice, no siempre resulta clara al moderno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 50»

«We face in fact a double difficulty : first that of accepting that there is something sacred about all physiological life and, secondly, that of looking at certain patterns of thought (ideo.grams, mythograms, natural or moral laws and so forth) as hiero»enuncia la doble dificultad del lector moderno: aceptar que hay algo sagrado en toda la vida fisiológica, y ver como hierofanías ciertos patrones de pensamiento. El tramo se corta en el guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 50»

«become a rite which will assist man to approach reality, to, as it were, wedge himself into Being, by setting himself free from merely automatic actions (without sense or meaning), from change, from the profane, from nothingness.»cómo lee esos actos elementales: ritos que ayudan al hombre a acercarse a la realidad y a encajarse en el Ser, librándose de lo automático, del cambio y de la nada

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 51»

«We shall see that, as the rite always consists in the repetition of an archetypal action performed in il/o tempore (before " history " began) by ancestors or by gods, man is trying, by means of the hierophany, to give " being " to even his most ordinary and insignificant acts.»enuncia su definición de rito: repetición de una acción arquetípica realizada in illo tempore por antepasados o dioses, con la que el hombre da ser a sus actos más ordinarios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 51»

«By its repetition, the act coincides with its archetype, and time is abolished. We are witnessing, so to speak, the same act that was performed in illo tempore, at the dawn of the universe.»el efecto que le atribuye: por la repetición el acto coincide con su arquetipo y el tiempo queda abolido

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 51»

«Thus, by transforming all his physiological acts into ceremonies, primitive man strove to ".pass beyond ", to thrust himself out of time (and change) into eternity.»el propósito que adjudica al primitivo: transformar sus actos fisiológicos en ceremonias para salir del tiempo y del cambio hacia la eternidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 51»

«When he is eating or making love, he is putting himself on a plane which is not simply that of eating or sexuality.»la fórmula concreta: al comer o al hacer el amor, el primitivo se sitúa en un plano que no es simplemente el de comer o el de la sexualidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 51»

«One might say that here you have an indistinct religious experience, different in form from the distinct experiences represented by the hierophanies of the unusual, the extraordinary, mana, etc.»distingue esa experiencia religiosa indistinta de las experiencias distintas que son las hierofanías de lo insólito y el mana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 51»

«A real religious experience, indistinct in form, results from this effort mail makes to enter the real, the sacred, by way of the most fundamental physiological acts transformed into cere»cierra §10 sobre ese punto: hay una experiencia religiosa real, indistinta en su forma, nacida del esfuerzo por entrar en lo real mediante los actos fisiológicos hechos ceremonia. El tramo se corta en el guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 51»

«Even if this were the case (and a great many observers think otherwise), it is too often forgotten that the workings of primitive thought were not expressed only in concepts or conceptual elements, but also, and primarily, in symbols.»objeta el lugar común del atraso teórico de los primitivos: el pensamiento primitivo no se expresaba solo en conceptos, sino ante todo en símbolos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 52»

«It follows from this that the apparent conceptual poverty of the primitive cultures does not imply an inability to construct theory, but implies rather that they belong to a style of thinking totally different from our modern style, with its roots in the speculation of the Greeks.»la consecuencia que extrae: la pobreza conceptual aparente no implica incapacidad de construir teoría, sino un estilo de pensamiento distinto del moderno, enraizado en la especulación griega

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 52»

«That collection of truths does not simply constitute a Weltanschauung, but a pragmatic ontology (I would even say soteriology) in the sense that with the help of these " truths " man is trying to gain salvation by uniting himself with reality.»llama a ese conjunto de verdades no una Weltanschauung sino una ontología pragmática, y aun una soteriología, porque con ellas el hombre busca salvarse uniéndose a la realidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 52»

«we shall see that the greater part of primitive man's actions were, so he thought, simply the repetition of a primeval action accomplished at the beginning of time by a divine being, or mythical figure.»el ejemplo con que lo ilustra: la mayor parte de los actos del primitivo eran, según él los pensaba, repetición de una acción primordial cumplida al principio del tiempo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 52»

«An act only had meaning in so far as it repeated a transcendent model, an archetype. The object of that repetition was also to ensure the normality of the act, to legalize it by giving it an ontological status ; it only became real in so far as it repeated an archetype.»la regla que formula: un acto solo tenía sentido en cuanto repetía un modelo trascendente, y solo era real en cuanto repetía un arquetipo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 52»

«The action is both a ceremony (in that it makes man part of a sacred zone) and a thrusting into reality.»la doble naturaleza del acto: ceremonia que integra al hombre en una zona sagrada y a la vez empuje hacia la realidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 52»

«such " truths " are held to be hierophanies by primitive peoples-not only because they reveal modalities of the sacred, but because these " truths " help man to protect»sostiene que esas verdades teóricas valen como hierofanías entre los primitivos no solo por revelar modalidades de lo sagrado; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana y la frase sigue diciendo que protegen al hombre de la nada

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 51»

«himself against the meaningless, nothingness ; to escape, in fact, from the profane sphere.»continuación en la plana siguiente: esas verdades protegen contra el sinsentido y la nada y permiten escapar de la esfera profana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 52»

«THE most popular prayer in the world is addressed to " Our Father who art in heaven ". It is possible that man's earliest prayers were addressed to the same heavenly father-it would explain the testimony of an Mrican of the Ewe tribe : " There where the sky is, God is too»abre el capítulo II, §11, con la oración más difundida del mundo, el Padre nuestro que estás en los cielos, y con el testimonio de un ewe que cita: donde está el cielo, está Dios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 57»

«The Vienna school of ethnology (particularly in the person of Fr. W. Schmidt, the author of the fullest monograph yet produced on the subject of the origins of the idea of divinity) even claims to have established the existence of a primitive monotheism, basing the proof chiefly on the belief in sky gods among the most primitive human societies.»expone la tesis de la escuela de Viena y del padre W. Schmidt, que dice haber establecido la existencia de un monoteísmo primitivo apoyándose en los dioses del cielo de las sociedades más primitivas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 57»

«For the moment we will leave on one side this problem of primeval monotheism.»y aparta esa cuestión: por lo pronto deja de lado el problema del monoteísmo primordial

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 57»

«What is quite beyond doubt is that there is an almost universal belief in a celestial divine being, who created the universe and guarantees the fecundity of the earth (by pouring rain down upon it).»lo que sí da por fuera de duda: la creencia casi universal en un ser divino celeste que creó el universo y garantiza la fecundidad de la tierra con la lluvia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 57»

«These beings are endowed with infinite foreknowledge and wisdom ; moral laws and often tribal ritual as well were established by them during a brief visit to the earth ; they watch to see that their laws are obeyed, and lightning strikes all who infringe them.»los atributos que reúne en esos seres: presciencia y sabiduría infinitas, leyes morales instituidas en una visita breve a la tierra, y el rayo sobre quien las quebranta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 57»

«There is no need to look into the teachings of myth to see that the sky itself directly reveals a transcendence, a power and a holiness.»sostiene que no hace falta acudir al mito: el cielo revela por sí mismo trascendencia, poder y santidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 57»

«Merely contemplating the vault of heaven produces a religious experience in the primitive mind.»la tesis del apartado: la sola contemplación de la bóveda celeste produce, dice, una experiencia religiosa en la mente primitiva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 57»

«This does not necessarily imply a " nature-worship " of the sky. To the primitive, nature is never purely " natural ".»acota de inmediato para que no se lea como culto de la naturaleza: para el primitivo la naturaleza no es nunca puramente natural

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 57»

«Such contemplation is the same as a revelation. The sky shows itself as it really is : infinite, transcendent.»la fórmula con que cierra el punto: esa contemplación equivale a una revelación, y el cielo se muestra tal cual es, infinito y trascendente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 57»

«The symbolism of its transcendence derives from the simple realization of its infinite height. " Most High " becomes quite naturally an attribute of the divinity.»deriva el simbolismo de la trascendencia de la sola constatación de la altura infinita, y de ahí el atributo divino de Altísimo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 58»

«The regions above man's reach, the starry places, are invested with the divine majesty of the transcendent, of absolute reality, of everlastingness.»las regiones inalcanzables quedan investidas, dice, de la majestad divina de lo trascendente, de la realidad absoluta y de la perpetuidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 58»

«The " high " is something inaccessible to man as such ; it belongs by right to superhuman powers and beings ; when a man ceremonially ascends the steps of a sanctuary, or the ritual ladder leading to the sky he ceases to be a man ; the souls of the privileged dead leave their human state behind when they rise into heaven.»la regla que formula: lo alto es inaccesible al hombre en cuanto hombre, y quien asciende ceremonialmente deja de serlo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 58»

«All this derives from simply contemplating the sky ; but it would be a great mistake to see it as a logical, rational process.»pone el límite a su propia derivación: todo eso viene de contemplar el cielo, pero sería grave error verlo como un proceso lógico y racional

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 58»

«The symbolism is an immediate notion of the whole consciousness, of the man, that is, who realizes himself as a man, who recognizes his place in the universe»describe el símbolo como noción inmediata de la consciencia entera, del hombre que se realiza como hombre y reconoce su lugar en el universo. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 58»

«neither are they exclusively the product of mythical activity and non-rational religious experience.»y la contrapartida: los valores religiosos del cielo tampoco son producto exclusivo de la actividad mítica ni de una experiencia religiosa no racional

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 58»

«The sky " symbolizes " transcendence, power and changelessness simply by being there. It exists because it is high, infinite, immovable, powerful.»la fórmula que repite: el cielo simboliza trascendencia, poder e inmutabilidad por el solo hecho de estar ahí, y existe porque es alto, infinito, inmóvil y poderoso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 58»

«That the mere fact of being high, of being high up, means being powerful (in the religious sense), and being as such filled with the sacred, is shown by the very etymology of some of the gods' names.»apoya la tesis en la etimología de algunos nombres divinos: estar en lo alto equivale a ser poderoso en sentido religioso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 58»

«To the Iroquois, all that has orenda is called oki, but the meaning of the word oki seems to be " what is»el ejemplo iroqués: lo que tiene orenda se llama oki, y oki parece significar lo que está en lo alto. El tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 58»

«The Sioux express magico-religious power by the word wakan, which is phonetically extremely close to wakan, wankan, which means, in the Dakota language, " on high, above " ; the sun, the moon, lightning, the wind, possess wakan, and this force was personified though imperfectly in " Wakan ", which the missionaries translated as meaning " Lord ", but who was in fact a Supreme Being of the sky, manifesting himself above all in lightning.»el ejemplo sioux: wakan, cercano a wankan, que en dakota significa en lo alto, y el Ser Supremo celeste que los misioneros tradujeron por Señor. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 59»

«The supreme divinity of the Maoris is called Iho : iho means " raised up, on high ". 3 The Akposo negroes have a Supreme God Uwoluwu ; the name means " what is on high, the upper regions ".»los ejemplos maorí y akposo: Iho es lo alzado en lo alto, y Uwoluwu lo que está arriba

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 59»

«We shall see soon that " the most high ", " the shining ", " the sky ", are notions· which have existed more or less explicitly in the terms used by primitive civilizations to express the idea of Godhead.»adelanta el hallazgo: lo altísimo, lo brillante y el cielo son las nociones con que las civilizaciones primitivas expresaron la idea de divinidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 59»

«The transcendence of God is directly revealed in the inaccessibility, infinity, eternity and creative power (rain) of the sky. The whole nature of the sky is an inexhaustible hierophany.»la fórmula mayor del apartado: la trascendencia de Dios se revela en la inaccesibilidad, la infinitud, la eternidad y el poder creador del cielo, cuya naturaleza entera es hierofanía inagotable

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 59»

«Consequently, anything that happens among the stars or in the upper areas of the atmosphere-the rhythmic revolution of the stars, chasing clouds, storms, thunderbolts, meteors, rainbows-is a moment in that hierophany.»de ahí que todo lo que ocurre entre los astros o en las capas altas del aire sea, dice, un momento de esa hierofanía

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 59»

«When this hierophany became personified, when the divinities of the sky showed themselves, or took the place of the holiness of the sky as such, is difficult to say precisely.»se abstiene de datar el paso: cuándo se personificó la hierofanía celeste, dice, es difícil de precisar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 59»

«What is quite certain is that the sky divinities have always been supreme divinities ; that their hierophanies, dramatized in various ways by myth, have remained for that reason sky hierophanies ; and that what one may call the history of sky divinities is largely a history of notions of " force ", of " creation ", of " laws " and of " sovereignty ".»lo que da por cierto: las divinidades del cielo han sido siempre supremas, sus hierofanías siguen siendo celestes, y su historia es en gran parte la de las nociones de fuerza, creación, ley y soberanía. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 59»

«Baiame, the supreme divinity among the tribes of South-East Australia (Kamilaroi, Wiradjuri, Euahlayi), dwells in the sky, beside a great stream of water (the Milky Way), and receives the souls of the innocent.»abre §12 con Baiame, divinidad suprema del sudeste australiano, que habita el cielo junto a la Vía Láctea y recibe las almas de los inocentes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 60»

«He sits on a crystal throne; the sun and moon are his " sons ", his messengers to the earth»los rasgos de Baiame: trono de cristal, y el sol y la luna por hijos y mensajeros. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis del cuerpo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 60»

«Thunder is his voice ; he causes the rain to fall, making the whole earth green and fertile ; in this sense too he is creator. For Baiame is selfcreated and has created everything from nothing.»sigue con los rasgos: el trueno es su voz, hace caer la lluvia y por eso es creador, y es increado y lo ha hecho todo de la nada

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 60»

«This is an esoteric name (the name of Baiame is too) only made known to the initiate ; the women and children know him only as " father " (papang) and " lord " (biambam).»el caso de Daramulum entre los muring: nombre esotérico revelado solo al iniciado, mientras mujeres y niños lo conocen como padre y señor

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 60»

«At one time Daramulum lived for a short time on earth, and inaugurated the rites of initiation ; he- was then raised once more into heaven whence his voice may be heard (in thunder) and whence he sends down the rain.»el mito de Daramulum: vivió un tiempo en la tierra, instituyó los ritos de iniciación y fue alzado al cielo, de donde su voz se oye en el trueno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 60»

«The initiation consists, among other things, in a solemn demonstration of the " bull-roarer " ; it is a piece of wood about six inches long and just under an inch and a half wide with a piece of string through a hole at one end ; when it is swung round it makes a noise like thunder or like a bull roaring.»la descripción del bramador que se muestra en la iniciación, la tablilla que al girar suena como trueno o como toro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 60»

«The identity of the bull-roarer and of Daramulum are known only to the initiate. The strange groanings they hear from the jungle at night fill the uninitiated with holy fear, for they take them to mean that the god is corning.»el secreto iniciático: solo el iniciado sabe que el bramador y Daramulum son lo mismo, y los no iniciados toman los gemidos nocturnos por la llegada del dios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 60»

«It was Bunjil who created the earth, trees, animals, and man himself (whom he fashioned of clay, breathing a soul into him through the nose, the mouth and the navel).»el mito de Bunjil entre los kulin: creó la tierra, los árboles, los animales y al hombre, modelado de arcilla y animado por nariz, boca y ombligo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 61»

«But Bunjil, having given his son Bimbeal power over the earth, and his daughter Karakarook power over the sky, has himself withdrawn from the world. He stays above the clouds, like a " lord ", with a great sword in Iris hand.»y su retiro: repartido el poder entre su hijo y su hija, Bunjil se apartó del mundo y está sobre las nubes como un señor; el troceo imprime *Iris* por *his*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 61»

«Almost all manifest their will through thunder, thunderbolts (Pulyallana for instance), the wind (Baime), the aurora borealis (Mungangan.a) rainbows (Bunjil, Nurrendere) and so on.»generaliza el rasgo: casi todos los seres supremos australianos manifiestan su voluntad por el trueno, el rayo, el viento, la aurora boreal y el arco iris

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 61»

«But one cannot sum them up, as Professor Pettazzoni does, as simply a personification of the vault of heaven. The primitive element is the anthropocosmic structure of their personality.»nota al pie donde objeta a Pettazzoni: no cabe reducir esos seres a una personificación de la bóveda celeste, porque el elemento primitivo es la estructura antropocósmica de su personalidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 61»

«In general it is true to say that these divine beings of the Australians preserve a direct and concrete connection with the sky, with the world of stars and meteors.»la fórmula general del apartado: los seres divinos australianos conservan conexión directa y concreta con el cielo, los astros y los meteoros

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 61»

«Of all of them we know that they made the universe and created man (that is, man's mythical ancestor) ; in their short stay on earth they revealed mysteries (almost all of which could be reduced to a communication of the mythical genealogy of the tribe, and certain epiphanies of thunder like the bull-roarer, and so on), and instituted civil and moral laws.»lo que dice saberse de todos ellos: hicieron el universo, crearon al antepasado mítico, revelaron misterios en una estadía breve e instituyeron leyes civiles y morales. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 61»

«But nowhere does the belief in such Supreme Beings dominate religious life. The characteristic element in Australian religion is not the belief in a heavenly being, a supreme creator, but totemism.»el reparo que ordena el capítulo: en ninguna parte la creencia en esos seres supremos domina la vida religiosa, y en Australia el elemento característico es el totemismo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 62»

«We find the same situation elsewhere ; the supreme divinities of the sky are constantly pushed to the periphery of religious life where they are almost ignored ; other sacred forces, nearer to man, more accessible to his daily experience, more useful to him, fill the leading role.»generaliza el desplazamiento: las divinidades supremas del cielo quedan empujadas a la periferia, y otras fuerzas más cercanas y útiles ocupan el papel principal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 62»

«So, for example, Risley and Geden find traces of an almost forgotten belief in a Supreme Divinity among the aboriginal peoples of India-" a shadowy recollection rather than an active force " ; 1 " faineant unworshipped Supreme Beings»abre §13 con Risley y Geden sobre la India aborigen: un recuerdo en sombra más que una fuerza activa, seres supremos ociosos y sin culto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 62»

«In the Andaman archipelago, among one of the most primitive peoples of Asia, Puluga is the Supreme Being ; he is thought of very anthropomorphically, 3 but he dwells in the sky and his voice is the thunder, the wind his breath ; hurricanes are the sign of his anger, for he sends thunderbolts to punish all who infringe his commandments.»el caso andamanés de Puluga: habita el cielo, su voz es el trueno, su aliento el viento y los huracanes su ira

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 62»

«When Puluga sleeps there is a drought. When it is raining the god has come down to earth and is looking for food.»la traducción meteorológica del mito: cuando Puluga duerme hay sequía, y cuando llueve el dios ha bajado a buscar comida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 62»

«This myth of estrangement fits in with the total absence of any cult.»la correspondencia que le importa: el mito del alejamiento concuerda con la ausencia total de culto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 63»

«The Andaman Islanders have no worship of the god, no prayer, no sacrifice, no supplication, no thanksgiving. They are simply afraid of Puluga and therefore they obey his commandments, some of which are hard, such as that of avoiding certain fruits during the rainy season.»cita a Paul Schebesta sobre los andamaneses: sin culto, sin oración, sin sacrificio, solo temor a Puluga y obediencia a mandamientos duros

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 63»

«Among the Selk'nam nomad hunters of Tierra del Fuego, the god is called Temaukel, but from holy fear this name is never pronounced.»el caso selk'nam de Tierra del Fuego: el dios se llama Temaukel y por temor sagrado nunca se pronuncia ese nombre

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 63»

«For, in fact, this god is set apart from men, indifferent to the world's affairs. He has no images, no priests.»el rasgo del dios ocioso en los selk'nam: apartado de los hombres, indiferente a los asuntos del mundo, sin imágenes ni sacerdotes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 63»

«But they pray to him only in case of illness : " Thou, on high, do not take my child ; he is still too small !»la única plegaria que le dirigen, en caso de enfermedad: tú, en lo alto, no te lleves a mi hijo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 63»

«All over Africa traces are to be found of a great sky god who has almost disappeared or is in course of disappearing from the cult (see the Bibliography). His place has been taken by other religious forces, particularly by the cult of ancestors.»enuncia el caso africano: por toda África hay trazas de un gran dios del cielo desaparecido o en trance de desaparecer del culto, reemplazado por el de los antepasados

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 63»

«The general bias of the negro mind," says Sir A. B. Ellis, " has been in favour of selecting the firmament for the chief Nature-god, instead of the Sun, Moon or Earth.»cita a A. B. Ellis: el sesgo general habría sido elegir el firmamento como principal dios de la naturaleza en vez del sol, la luna o la tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 63»

«The firmament is, I believe, always the great indiiTercnt and neglected god, the Nyan Kupon of the Tschwis, and the Anzambc, the Naam, etc. of the Bantu races. The African thinks this god has great power if he would only exert it.»cita a Mary Kingsley: el firmamento es siempre el gran dios indiferente y desatendido, con gran poder si quisiera ejercerlo; el troceo imprime *indiiTercnt*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 64»

«The Tschwis, for instance, use the word Nyankupon-the name of their Supreme Being-to designate sky and rain ; they say Nyankupon born (strikes) for " It is thundering " ; Nyankupon aba (has come) for " It is raining ".»el ejemplo tschwi: el nombre del Ser Supremo designa también el cielo y la lluvia, y sus verbos dicen que truena o que llueve

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 64»

«The Ba-llas, Bantu tribes in the Kafu valley, believe in an omnipotent Supreme Being and creator who dwells in the sky, and whom they call Leza. But in common speech the word " Leza " also describes meteorological phenomena ; " Leza falls " means it is raining, " Leza is angry ", it thunders, and so on.»el ejemplo ba-ila: Leza es a la vez el creador celeste y el nombre de los fenómenos meteorológicos, cae Leza por llueve y Leza está enojado por truena

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 64»

«The Suks call their Supreme Being Tororut, that is, the Sky, and also Ilat, the Rain.»el ejemplo suk: el Ser Supremo se llama Tororut, esto es el Cielo, y también Ilat, la Lluvia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 64»

«For most of the Ewe peoples, Mawu is the name of the Supreme Being (the name comes from wu, " to spread ", " to cover ") ; Mawu is also used to designate the firmament and the rain.»el ejemplo ewe: Mawu, de una raíz que significa extender o cubrir, nombra al Ser Supremo y también al firmamento y a la lluvia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 64»

«The blue of the sky is the veil Mawu uses to cover his face ; the clouds are his clothes and ornaments ; blue and white are his favourite colours (his priest may wear no others). Light is the oil with which he anoints his body.»la imaginería de Mawu: el azul del cielo es el velo con que cubre su rostro, las nubes su ropa, y la luz el aceite con que se unge

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 64»

«Among the Masai, Ngai is a lofty' divine figure. He still preserves sky characteristics ; he is invisible, dwells in heaven, his sons are stars, etc. Other stars are his eyes ; a falling star is one of his eyes coming towards the earth to see better.»el ejemplo masái: Ngai conserva rasgos celestes, es invisible, sus hijos son estrellas y la estrella fugaz es uno de sus ojos que baja a ver mejor

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 64»

«The Pawnees believe in Tirawa Atius, " Tirawa Father of All Things ", creator of all that exists and giver of life.»el ejemplo pawnee: Tirawa Atius, padre de todas las cosas, creador y dador de vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 65»

«White men speak of a heavenly Father, we speak of Tirawa Atius the Father on High, but we do not think of Tirawa as a person. We think of him in everything . . . . What he looks like no one knows.»cita la formulación pawnee que recoge Pettazzoni: hablan del Padre en lo alto pero no lo piensan como persona, lo piensan en todo, y nadie sabe qué aspecto tiene

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 65»

«The absence of cult-and above all the absence of any calendar of seasonal rites-is characteristic of most of the sky gods.»abre §14, Deus otiosus, con el rasgo que da nombre al apartado: la ausencia de culto y sobre todo de calendario de ritos estacionales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 65»

«The detail that the earth and man were not created by Kari is a signjficant one ; it is a popular expression of the idea of the transcendence and passivity of the Supreme Being, too far removed from man to satisfy his innumerable religious, economic and vital needs.»lee un detalle del mito semang como expresión popular de la trascendencia y la pasividad del Ser Supremo, demasiado lejano para atender las necesidades del hombre

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 65»

«Like the other supreme sky gods, Kari lives in the sky and shows his anger by hurling lightning ; in fact his very name means " thunderbolt " (" storm ").»los rasgos de Kari entre los semang: vive en el cielo, muestra su cólera lanzando rayos, y su nombre mismo significa rayo o tormenta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 65»

«first of all the Lawgiver, ruling over the communal life of the men of the forest, and watching jealously to see that his commandments are kept ".»cita a Schebesta sobre Kari: ante todo legislador, que rige la vida común de los hombres del bosque y vela celosamente por sus mandamientos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 65»

«The same is the case with most of the African peoples : the Great God of Heaven, the Supreme Being, Creator omnipotent, plays a quite insignificant part in the religious life of the tribe. He is too distant or too good to need worship properly so called, and they invoke him only in cases of extreme need.»la regla que extrae del caso africano: el Gran Dios del cielo desempeña un papel insignificante en la vida religiosa, demasiado lejano o demasiado bueno para necesitar culto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 66»

«Thus, for instance, the Yorubas of West Africa believe in a sky god called Olorun (which means literally " Owner of the Sky "), who having started to create the world handed over the finishing and governing of it to a lower god, Obatalla. Olorun himself withdrew permanently from earthly and human affairs, and though he is a Supreme God, he has neither temples, statues, nor priests.»el ejemplo yoruba: Olorun, dueño del cielo, entregó el acabado y el gobierno del mundo a Obatalla y se retiró, y no tiene templos ni estatuas ni sacerdotes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 66»

«Nzambi of the Bantus is also a great sky god now withdrawn from all worship. The natives look upon him as all-powerful, good and just ; but for that very reason they do not adore him, they have no material representation of him as they have of the other gods and spirits.»el ejemplo bantú: Nzambi, tenido por todopoderoso, bueno y justo, no es adorado por eso mismo y carece de representación material

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 66»

«Why should we sacrifice to him ? ., said a native. " We do not need to fear him, for he does not do us any harm, as do the spirits of our dead»la respuesta herero que cita: por qué sacrificarle, si no hay que temerle porque no hace daño, como sí lo hacen los espíritus de los muertos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 67»

«The Alundas, another Bantu tribe, believe that their Nzambi is very distant and inaccessible to men ; their religious life is entirely given over to the fear and worship of spirits ; even for rain they pray to the akishi, that is to their ancestors.»el ejemplo alunda: Nzambi es lejano e inaccesible, y hasta la lluvia se pide a los antepasados

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 67»

«The Wachaggas, an important Bantu tribe of Kilimanjaro, adore Ruwa, the creator, the good God, guardian of the moral law. He is active in myth and legend, but plays only a moderate part in religion. He is so good and so kind that men have no need to fear him ; all their anxiety centres un the spirits of the dead. And it is only when the prayer and sacrifice offered to the spirits remain unanswered that they sacrifice to Ruwa, particularly in the case of drought or serious illness.»el ejemplo wachagga: Ruwa es creador y guardián de la ley moral, activo en el mito y moderado en la religión, y solo se le sacrifica cuando fallan los espíritus. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 67»

«The remoteness and impartiality of the Supreme Being of heaven are admirably expressed in a saying of the Gyriamas of East Mrica who describe their God thus : " God [Mulungu] is on high, the manes are below [literally, on earth].»la fórmula gyriama que recoge: Dios está en lo alto, los manes abajo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 68»

«The Bantus say : " God, after having made man, pays no further attention to him." And the Negrilloes say again and again : " God is far from us !»las dos sentencias con que resume el deus otiosus: hecho el hombre, Dios no vuelve a ocuparse de él, y Dios está lejos de nosotros

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 68»

«Nzame [God] is on high, man below. God is God, man is man. Each is at home, each in liis own house.»el canto fang que cita como filosofía de la religión: Nzame arriba y el hombre abajo, cada uno en su casa; el troceo imprime *liis* por *his*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 68»

«0 Tsuni-Goam, thou, father of fathers, thou our father, let Nanub [that is, the cloud] drop down rain in torrents !»la plegaria hotentote por la lluvia dirigida a Tsuni-Goam, padre de los padres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 68»

«The Pygmies of Equatorial Mrica believe that God (Kmvum) shows his wish to enter into contact with them by means of the rainbow.»el caso pigmeo: Kmvum manifiesta su deseo de contacto por el arco iris, y al aparecer este se le tiende el arco y se le canta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 68»

«Puluga knows everything, but only knows men's thoughts during the day»el rasgo que subraya del andamanés Puluga: lo sabe todo pero solo conoce los pensamientos de los hombres de día, y a eso llama en el paréntesis siguiente cualidad naturista, omnisciente por omnividente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 62»

«Puluga had mercy on them, but men still remained recalcitrant. Having once and for all reminded them of his commandments the god withdrew, and men have never seen him since.»continuación en la plana siguiente: recordados sus mandamientos una vez por todas, el dios se retiró y los hombres no lo han vuelto a ver

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 63»

«During the storm, the Semang cut their legs with a bamboo knife, pouring a few drops of blood on the ground as an offering to the goddess Manoid, and throwing the rest to the four points of the compass, and shouting, " Go! Go! Go! " ; they invoke the god of thunder : " Ta Pedn ! I am not obdurate, I am paying for my fault! Accept my debt, I am paying!»nota al pie con el rito semang de la tormenta: se cortan las piernas con un cuchillo de bambú, vierten unas gotas de sangre como ofrenda e invocan al dios del trueno diciendo que pagan su deuda

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 66»

«expiatory offering of blood-by which the Semang " pay for " their sins against the (sky) god of thunder-is their only act of worship ; they have no other prayers at all.»cierre de esa misma nota: la ofrenda expiatoria de sangre es su único acto de culto y no tienen plegaria alguna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 66»

«Unlike most of the other supreme sky beings, Dzingbe has a special priest, called dzisai, " priest of heaven ", who invokes him when there is a drought : " 0 sky, to whom we owe our thanks, great is the drought ; make it to rain that the earth may be refreshed and the fields thrive !»excepción entre los seres supremos celestes: Dzingbe tiene sacerdote propio, el dzisai o sacerdote del cielo, que lo invoca en la sequía. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 68»

«One day Puluga got angry and a flood»arranque del mito andamanés del diluvio, con que explica el alejamiento del dios; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana y la frase sigue en la plana siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 62»

«Dzingbe (" The Universal Father ") leads the pantheon of gods of the Ewe»el caso ewe de Dzingbe, el Padre Universal que encabeza el panteón; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 67»

«Men only remember the sky and the supreme divinity when they are directly threatened by a danger from the sky ; at other times, their piety is called upon by the needs of every day, and their practices and devotion are directed towards the forces that control those needs.»la ley que formula sobre el olvido: los hombres recuerdan el cielo y la divinidad suprema cuando los amenaza un peligro venido de allí, y el resto del tiempo su piedad va a las fuerzas de la necesidad diaria

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 69»

«But it is quite clear that all this in no way lessens the autonomy, majesty and primacy of the supreme sky beings ; at most it shows that the " primitive " man as well as the civilized quickly forgets them when he feels no need of them ; that the hardships of life drive him to look more towards earth than towards heaven, and that he only discovers heaven's importance when he is threatened with death from that direction.»y el reparo: ese olvido no rebaja la autonomía ni la primacía de los seres celestes, solo muestra que el hombre, primitivo o civilizado, los olvida cuando no los necesita. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 69»

«In point of fact, nowhere in primitive religion do we find Supreme Beings of the sky playing a leading role.»abre §15 con la negativa que ordena el capítulo: en ninguna religión primitiva desempeñan los Seres Supremos del cielo un papel principal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 69»

«In Indonesia generally, the supreme divinity of the sky has either been amalgamated with or replaced by the god of the Sun ; for instance 1-lai of the Celebes has been assimilated into a sun god whom, however, the natives see as continuing the work of creation begun by 1-lai ; it is the same on Timor and innumerable other islands.»el caso indonesio: la divinidad suprema del cielo se ha fundido con el dios del sol o ha sido reemplazada por él, y los nativos ven al solar continuando la creación empezada por el otro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 69»

«Fijian religious practice takes the form of animism, despite certain survivals of a supreme sky divinity, Ndengei, represented paradoxically as a great serpent who lives hidden in a cave, or with a serpent's head and a stone body»el caso fiyiano: práctica animista con supervivencias de Ndengei, representado paradójicamente como una gran serpiente en una cueva. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 69»

«Very occasionally-and no doubt under the influence of a matriarchy-the Supreme Divinity of the sky is feminine ; thus Hintubuhet of New Ireland, who has all the attributes of the Supreme Divinity of the sky (passivity and so on), but is female.»el caso excepcional de Hintubuhet en Nueva Irlanda: divinidad suprema del cielo femenina, con todos los atributos del tipo, que atribuye acaso al matriarcado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 70»

«In Southern India the supreme divinity of the sky plays almost no part, religious life being entirely taken up with the worship of local female divinities, the grtima-devatti.»el caso del sur de la India: la divinidad suprema del cielo casi no cuenta y la vida religiosa la ocupan las divinidades femeninas locales, las grama-devata; el troceo imprime *grtima-devatti*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 70»

«The motif of a primordial pair : Sky (male) and Earth (female), is fairly common.»enuncia el motivo de la pareja primordial, Cielo masculino y Tierra femenina, y lo da por bastante común

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 70»

«The first couple and the creation myth corresponding to them are characteristic of Polynesia and Micronesia-the Maori version of Rangi and Papa being the best known.»sitúa ese motivo en Polinesia y Micronesia, con la versión maorí de Rangi y Papa como la más conocida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 70»

«Traces of the belief in a first divine couple are also to be found in Africa ; among the Bantus of the south, and especially among the Bavili and Fjort peoples, the supreme sky god Nzambi has slipped into the background leaving in his place a divinity of earth who even bears the same name, and whose sacred secrets are revealed only to women.»el caso bantú del sur: Nzambi pasó a segundo plano dejando en su lugar una divinidad de la tierra con el mismo nombre, cuyos secretos sagrados solo se revelan a las mujeres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 70»

«What is clear is that the supreme sky god everywhere gives place to other religious forms.»abre §16 con la regla: en todas partes el dios supremo del cielo cede el sitio a otras formas religiosas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 71»

«The morphology of this substitution may vary ; but its meaning is in each case partly the same : it is a movement away from the transcendence and passivity of sky beings towards more dynamic, active and easily accessible forms.»y precisa el sentido común de esas sustituciones: un movimiento que se aleja de la trascendencia y la pasividad de los seres celestes hacia formas más dinámicas, activas y accesibles

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 71»

«One might say that we are observing a " progressive descent of the sacred into the concrete " ; man's life and his immediate natural surroundings come more and more to have the value of sacred things.»la fórmula con que lo nombra, entrecomillada por él mismo: un descenso progresivo de lo sagrado a lo concreto, por el que la vida del hombre y su entorno inmediato adquieren valor sagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 71»

«The very structure of the religious experience is changed ; a Daramulum or a Tirawa, for instance, makes himself known very differently from the totems, the griima-devatii, the spirits of the dead.»sostiene que con la sustitución cambia la estructura misma de la experiencia religiosa: un Daramulum o un Tirawa se dan a conocer de manera muy distinta que los tótems o los muertos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 71»

«Every substitution marks a victory for the dynamic, dramatic forms, so rich in mythological meaning, over the Supreme Being of the sky who is exalted, but passive and remote.»la fórmula del apartado: cada sustitución marca la victoria de las formas dinámicas y dramáticas sobre el Ser Supremo del cielo, exaltado pero pasivo y remoto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 71»

«Thus, for the Maoris of New Zealand, Rangi, though present in their myths, is not the object of any worship ; in his place we find Tangaroa, the supreme (sun ?) god of the Maori pantheon.»el caso maorí: Rangi está en los mitos y no recibe culto, y en su lugar está Tangaroa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 71»

«In Melanesia one constantly comes across the myth of the two brothers, one bright, the other dull (the two phases of the moon) created by the Supreme Being of the sky and eventually replacing him.»el caso melanesio: el mito de los dos hermanos, uno brillante y otro opaco, creados por el Ser Supremo del cielo y que acaban reemplazándolo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 71»

«Generally, the Supreme Being gives place to a demiurge whom he has himself created and who, in his name and following his instructions, sets the world in order ; or to a sun god.»la regla morfológica: el Ser Supremo cede el sitio a un demiurgo creado por él, que ordena el mundo en su nombre, o a un dios solar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 71»

«Among the Tlingit Indians (North-West Pacific), the central divine figure is the Crow, primeval hero and demiurge, who made the world (or, more precisely, set it in order, and spread civilization and culture through it), created and liberated the sun, and so on.»el caso tlingit: el Cuervo, héroe primordial y demiurgo que ordenó el mundo, difundió la cultura y liberó el sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 72»

«In North America the Supreme Being of the sky generally tends to become amalgamated with the mythological personification of the thunder and the wind, represented as a large bird (the crow, etc.) ; he beats his wings and the wind rises, his tongue is the lightning.»el caso norteamericano: el Ser Supremo del cielo tiende a fundirse con la personificación mitológica del trueno y el viento, un ave grande cuyas alas levantan el viento y cuya lengua es el relámpago

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 72»

«Thunder was from the beginning, and still is, the essential attribute of the sky gods. Sometimes it is singled out and invested with individual autonomy.»fija el lugar del trueno: atributo esencial de los dioses del cielo desde el principio, a veces destacado e investido de autonomía propia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 72»

«The Kansas Indians say they have never seen their god Wakan, but that they often hear his voice in the thunder.»el testimonio kansa que recoge: nunca han visto a su dios Wakan pero oyen a menudo su voz en el trueno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 72»

«The Omahas honour the thunder as Wakanda with a cult properly so called ; in particular, at the beginning of spring the men go up to the hills to smoke in his honour, and to bring him offerings of tobacco.»el caso omaha: el trueno recibe culto propio como Wakanda, y al empezar la primavera los hombres suben a los cerros a fumar en su honor

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 72»

«The Algonquins make promises to Chebbeniathan, " The Man on High ", whenever a hurricane threatens or thunder seems to be corning near.»el caso algonquino: se hacen promesas a Chebbeniathan, el Hombre en lo Alto, cuando amenaza huracán o se acerca el trueno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 72»

«I said (§ 12) that in Australian initiation rituals the epiphany of thunder is shown by the noise of the bull-roarer. The same object and the same ceremonial were also preserved in the Orphic initiation rites.»el paralelo que traza entre el bramador de las iniciaciones australianas y el mismo objeto conservado en los ritos iniciáticos órficos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 72»

«Thunder is a weapon of the sky god in all mythologies, and any spot he has struck with lightning becomes sacred (enelysion to the Greeks, fulguritum to the Romans)4 ; and any man he has struck with lightning is»sostiene que el trueno es arma del dios del cielo en todas las mitologías y que el sitio herido por el rayo queda sagrado, enelysion para los griegos y fulguritum para los romanos. El tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 72»

«The tree most often struck by lightning (the oak) is endowed with the majesty of the Supreme Divinity (I need only remind you of the oak of Zeus at Dodona, of Jupiter Capitolinus in Rome, the oak of Donar near Geismar, the sacred oak of Romowe in Prussia, the oak of Perun among the Slavs).»el roble como árbol más herido por el rayo y por eso investido de la majestad divina, con la serie que enumera de Dodona a Romowe. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 73»

«People thought the so-called " thunder " stones-which are for the most part nothing more than prehistoric flints-were the very arrowpoints of the lightning, and they were venerated and piously preserved as such (§ 78).»las piedras de rayo, que en su mayoría son pedernales prehistóricos, tenidas por puntas de flecha del relámpago y conservadas con veneración

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 73»

«Everything that fell from above partook of the holiness of the sky; that is why meteorites, absolutely saturated with it, were venerated.»la regla que extrae: todo lo caído de arriba participa de la santidad del cielo, y por eso los meteoritos, saturados de ella, se veneraban

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 73»

«We cannot say for certain that devotion to sky beings was the first and only belief that primitive man had, and that all other religious forms appeared later and represent corruptions.»abre §17 con una abstención expresa: no cabe afirmar que el culto de los seres celestes fuera la primera y única creencia y que todo lo demás sea corrupción posterior

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 73»

«Though belief in a supreme sky being is generally to be found among the most archaic of primitive societies (Pygmies, Australians, Fuegians and so on), it is not found amongst them all (there is none, for instance, among the Tasmanians, the Veddas, the Kubu).»el dato que acota la tesis: la creencia se halla en las sociedades más arcaicas pero no en todas, y falta entre tasmanios, vedas y kubu

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 73»

«Undoubtedly, from the earliest times man realized the transcendence and omnipotence of the sacred from what he experienced of the sky. The sky needs no aid from mythological imagination or conceptual elaboration to be seen as the divine sphere.»lo que sí sostiene: desde los tiempos más antiguos el hombre advirtió por el cielo la trascendencia y la omnipotencia de lo sagrado, sin necesidad de imaginación mítica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 73»

«One thing we can say with certainty : generally speaking, the sky hierophany and the belief in Supreme Beings of the sky have been superseded by other religious conceptions.»la única certeza que se concede: la hierofanía celeste y la creencia en los Seres Supremos del cielo han sido desplazadas por otras concepciones

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 73»

«The present scant worship of these sky gods indicates purely and simply that the mass of religious practice is given over to other religious forms ; in no case does it indicate that such sky gods are the abstract creations of primitive man (or simply of his " priests "), or that he has not had, or been able to have, any real religious relationship with them.»objeta la lectura del escaso culto actual: no indica que esos dioses sean creaciones abstractas del primitivo ni que no haya podido tener relación religiosa real con ellos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 74»

«Besides, as I have already said, the lack of worship indicates mainly the absence of any religious calendar ; occasionally, sporadically, each of these supreme sky beings is honoured with prayers, sacrifices and so on.»acota lo que la falta de culto significa: sobre todo ausencia de calendario religioso, porque de modo esporádico sí se honra a cada uno de esos seres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 74»

«The Kondes adore their supreme god Mbamba with dances, songs, and prayers : " Mbamba, let our children thrive ! May the cattle multiply ! May our maize and sweet potatoes flourish ! Take pestilence away !»la plegaria konde a Mbamba, que pide prosperar los hijos, multiplicar el ganado y apartar la peste

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 74»

«The Wachaggas address their prayers and sacrifices to Ruwa : " Thou Man of Heaven, 0 Chief, take this head of cattle. We pray thee that thou wouldst lead far past and away the sickness that comes on earth.»la plegaria wachagga a Ruwa, llamado Hombre del Cielo, que pide alejar la enfermedad que viene sobre la tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 74»

«An analysis of the various stages of Australian religion shows clearly that the sky divinity held the central place in the most primitive religious life.»sostiene, contra lo que el escaso culto sugiere, que en la religión australiana más primitiva la divinidad celeste ocupaba el lugar central

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 74»

«Originally, Mungangana used to live on earth among men ; only later did he withdraw to heaven»el mito del retiro en Australia: Mungangana vivía entre los hombres en la tierra y solo después se apartó al cielo. El tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 74»

«It has been said, for instance, that it grew from the cult of the dead, but in South-Eastern Australia (where is one of the oldest of all) there is no cult of the dead.»objeta la derivación del culto de los muertos con un dato: en el sudeste australiano, de los más antiguos, no hay culto de los muertos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 75»

«Where, on the other hand, esoterism is gradually disappearing (as is the case with most of the Central Australian tribes-the Arunta and Loritja), the sky divinity (Altjira, Tukura) appears to have lost all religious force and. to survive only in the mythological sphere ; which means that belief in the sky divinity was undoubtedly once fuller and more intense.»el argumento por correlación: donde el esoterismo se pierde, la divinidad celeste pierde fuerza religiosa y solo sobrevive en lo mitológico, lo que indica que la creencia fue antes más plena

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 75»

«From initiation one learns the true theophany, the myth of the tribal genealogy, the corpus of laws, moral and social, in a word, man's place in the cosmos.»lo que se aprende en la iniciación: la teofanía verdadera, el mito de la genealogía tribal, el cuerpo de leyes morales y sociales, en una palabra el lugar del hombre en el cosmos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 75»

«Initiation is thus an occasion of learning and not merely a ritual of regeneration.»la tesis que le importa: la iniciación es ocasión de conocimiento y no solo rito de regeneración

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 75»

«However, we should be making a great mistake if we were to see these actions and reflections merely as things of the intellect (as, for instance, Schmidt does). They are, on the contrary, acts of the whole man, who, of course, has a certain preoccupation with causality, but has above ali-in fact, finds himself in the midst of-the problem of existence.»objeta a Schmidt que se tomen esos actos por cosa del intelecto: son actos del hombre entero, metido en el problema de la existencia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 75»

«All these revelations of a metaphysical nature (the origin of the human race, sacred history of the god and of ancestors, metamorphoses, the meaning of symbols, secret names and so on), made within the framework of initiation ceremonies, are not simply aimed at satisfying the neophyte's thirst for knowledge, but primarily at consolidating his existence as a whole, promoting continuity of life and prosperity and assuring a happier fate after death.»el fin que atribuye a las revelaciones metafísicas de la iniciación: no saciar la sed de saber del neófito, sino consolidar su existencia entera y asegurarle mejor suerte tras la muerte. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 75»

«It shows what a close bond there is between the theophany (for in the ip.itiation ritual the true name and nature of the god are revealed), soteriology (for the ceremony of initiation, however elementary it may be, assures the salvation of the neophyte), and metaphysics (for revelation is given about the workings and origin of the universe, the origin of the human race and so on).»el triple vínculo que la iniciación muestra: teofanía, soteriología y metafísica, porque en el rito se revelan el nombre verdadero del dios, la salvación del neófito y el origen del universo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 76»

«But at the very heart of this secret ceremony you will find the sky god, the same divinity who originally created the universe and man, and came down to earth to establish culture and the rites of initiation.»y en el centro de esa ceremonia secreta sitúa al dios del cielo, el mismo que creó el universo y bajó a instituir la cultura y los ritos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 76»

«That sky gods had, at first, this prerogative of being not only creators and omnipotent, but also all-knowing, supremely " wise ", explains why you find them changed in some religions into abstract divine figures, personified concepts used to explain the universe or express its absolute reality.»explica por qué esos dioses se vuelven figuras abstractas: por ser no solo creadores y omnipotentes sino omniscientes y supremamente sabios, pasan a conceptos personificados que explican el universo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 76»

«Iho, the sky god of New Zealand and Tahiti, revealed only to those initiated into esoteric priestly learning, is more of a philosophical concept than a real divinity.»el caso de Iho, revelado solo a los iniciados en el saber sacerdotal esotérico, al que llama más concepto filosófico que divinidad real

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 76»

«Other sky gods-Nzambi of the Bantu peoples, for instance, Sussistinako among the Sia Indiansare asexual : a phenomenon of abstraction which marks the changing of the divinity into a metaphysical principle.»el rasgo de la asexualidad en Nzambi y en Sussistinako, que lee como fenómeno de abstracción por el que la divinidad se vuelve principio metafísico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 76»

«These Supreme Gods of the sky could be transformed into philosophic concepts only because the sky hierophany itself could be transformed into a metaphysical revelation ; because, that is, contemplation of the sky by its very nature enabled man to know not only his own precariousness and the transcendence of the divinity, but also the sacred value of knowledge, of spiritual " force ".»la explicación que da: esos dioses pudieron volverse conceptos filosóficos porque la hierofanía celeste misma podía volverse revelación metafísica. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 76»

«One must not, however, forget that bisexuality was a mark of divinity for the primitive ; it represented a formula (approximative, like most mythological formul͇ ) of totality, of the integration of opposites, of the coincidentia opposi»nota al pie donde recuerda que la bisexualidad era marca de divinidad para el primitivo, fórmula aproximativa de totalidad y de integración de los opuestos, la coincidentia oppositorum

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 76»

«To the modern mind, of course, such gods, with their vague mythological outlines-lho and Brahman and the rest-seem rather abstract, and we tend to look on them more as philosophical concepts than as divinities proper.»advierte del efecto que esos dioses hacen al lector moderno: Iho, Brahman y los demás parecen abstractos y se los toma por conceptos filosóficos antes que por divinidades

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 77»

«But do not forget that to primitive man, whose invention they were, knowledge and understanding were-and still areepiphanies of " power ", of " sacred force ".»y opone lo que valían para quienes los inventaron: conocimiento y entendimiento eran epifanías de poder y de fuerza sagrada

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 77»

«He who sees and knows all, is and can do all.»la fórmula breve con que lo cierra: quien todo lo ve y lo sabe, todo lo es y todo lo puede

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 77»

«universe, author and controller of the rhythms of nature, and tends to become amalgamated either with the principle or metaphysical substance of the universe, or with the Law, with what is eternal and universal among the phenomena of time and change-the Law which the gods themselves cannot do away with.»el desenlace que describe: el Ser Supremo celeste llega a fundirse con el principio metafísico del universo o con la Ley que los dioses mismos no pueden abolir. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 77»

«Naturally " history " has also modified primitive theophanies ; none of the sky gods of primitive peoples is " pure ", none represent an original form.»acota la diferencia entre religiones primitivas y politeístas: también la historia modificó las teofanías primitivas y ninguno de sus dioses celestes es puro ni original

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 77»

«Fortunately, religious life, and all the creations that spring from it, are dominated by what one may call " the tendency towards an archetype ".»enuncia lo que llama la tendencia al arquetipo, que domina la vida religiosa y cuanto de ella nace

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 77»

«This does not mean, however, that the figures of these sky gods are simple, or that we can go very far in simplifying them.»y el límite que se pone: eso no significa que esas figuras sean simples ni que quepa simplificarlas mucho

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 78»

«The first new element these gods present by comparison with those we looked at in the preceding paragraphs is their sovereignty.»el elemento nuevo que trae el politeísmo: la soberanía de los dioses celestes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 78»

«The theophany can never be reduced simply to meteorological phenomena and what happens in the sky ; their power is never shown merely by the creation of the cosmos.»y su alcance: la teofanía no se reduce a los fenómenos meteorológicos ni su poder se muestra solo en la creación del cosmos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 78»

«it derives from the same celestial prerogatives, but it is in fact a new expression of the religious significance of " power ", and it produces a definite change of outline in the concept of divinity.»precisa qué es la soberanía: expresión nueva del sentido religioso del poder, derivada de las mismas prerrogativas celestes, que cambia el perfil del concepto de divinidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 78»

«The Samoyeds worship Num, a divinity who dwells in the sky (or the seventh heaven) and whose name means " heaven ".»el caso samoyedo: Num habita el séptimo cielo y su nombre significa cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 78»

«But he cannot be physically identified with the sky, for, as Schmidt points out, 2 the Samoyeds also consider Num to be the sea and the earth, that is to say the whole universe.»el reparo de Schmidt que recoge: Num no se identifica físicamente con el cielo, porque los samoyedos lo tienen también por el mar y la tierra, esto es por el universo entero

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 78»

«Among the Koryaks, the supreme divinity is called " the one on high ", " the master of what is high ", " the overseer ", " he who exists ", " force ", " the world ".»la serie de nombres del supremo koriaco: el de lo alto, el dueño de lo alto, el vigilante, el que existe, fuerza, el mundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 78»

«The Ainu know him as " the divine master of the sky ", " the heavenly god ", " the divine Creator of the worlds ", " the Protector ", and so on ; but also as Kamui, which means " sky ".»la serie ainu: dueño divino del cielo, dios celeste, creador divino de los mundos, protector, y también Kamui, que significa cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 78»

«He is, above all, an omnipotent god, often the only one, and master of the universe.»lo que resume del supremo ártico: ante todo un dios omnipotente, a menudo el único, y dueño del universo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 79»

«None the less, in sacrifice he is offered the head and long bones of the animal sacrificed, whereas the spirits and the chthonian divinities receive only the warm blood.»el reparto del sacrificio que consigna: al dios supremo la cabeza y los huesos largos, a los espíritus y a las divinidades ctónicas solo la sangre caliente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 79»

«The Mongol name for the Supreme Divinity is tengri, which means " sky "»la serie altaica: tengri y sus formas entre buriatos, tártaros del Volga, beltires, yakutos y chuvasos, todas con el sentido de cielo. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 79»

«The most common name among the Ostyaks and the Voguls is NumTurem, " Turem the high " or " Turem who dwells on high ".»el nombre ostiaco y vogul, Num-Turem, que glosa como Turem el alto o Turem que mora en lo alto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 79»

«Further south, among the Irtysh Ostyaks, the name of the sky god comes from senke whose original meaning was " luminous, shining, light "»el nombre de los ostiacos del Irtish, formado sobre senke, cuyo sentido primero da como luminoso, brillante, luz. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 79»

«Thus the Yurak-Samoyeds, for instance, to honour their sky god Num, sacrifice a white reindeer on a high mountain top (op. cit., p. 238), the Tunguses make their offering in the same way to Buga, the spirit of the sky (p. 243), and so on.»nota al pie con los sacrificios: los yurak-samoyedos ofrecen un reno blanco en la cima de una montaña alta a Num, y los tunguses hacen lo mismo con Buga

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 79»

«Kai Donner tries to explain Num by the Sogdian nom, " law " (cf. the Greek nomos), a term which might have been carried to the far north by the peoples of Central Asia at the time of the Uighur supremacy. Even were this to be proved ßwhich it is not ; see the Bibliography), such a derivation could only be a borrowmg of the actual word, for the notion of a supreme sky god is native to all Arctic and North Asiatic religions.»nota al pie donde objeta la etimología de Kai Donner: aun probado el préstamo de la palabra sogdiana, la noción de un dios supremo del cielo es nativa de todas las religiones árticas y norasiáticas. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 79»

«Simply to list these names and titles shows the celestial, sovereign and creative character of the Uralo-Altaic supreme god.»el método que declara: la sola lista de nombres y títulos muestra el carácter celeste, soberano y creador del supremo uralo-altaico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 80»

«His throne is to be found in the highest place in the sky, or on top of the cosmic mountain (cf. § 143).»sitúa su trono en el punto más alto del cielo o en la cima de la montaña cósmica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 80»

«The god has sons and daughters, 7 and is surrounded by servants and messengers whom the shaman meets on his ecstatic ascent into heaven.»los rasgos de corte: el dios tiene hijos e hijas y lo rodean servidores y mensajeros con los que el chamán se topa en su ascenso extático

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 80»

«But we do not find among the Uralo-Altaics any hierogamy myth, though the Buriats call the sky " Father " and the earth " Mother " in their invocations.»la ausencia que consigna: no hay mito de hierogamia entre los uralo-altaicos, aunque los buriatos llamen Padre al cielo y Madre a la tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 80»

«The notion of creation is closely bound up with the notion of a cosmic law. The sky is the archetype of universal order.»el vínculo que traza: la noción de creación va unida a la de ley cósmica, y el cielo es el arquetipo del orden universal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 81»

«The sky god guarantees the continuation and intangibility of cosmic rhythms as well as the stability of human societies. He is " Khan ", " Leader ", " Master ", that is to say, universal sovereign.»lo que el dios del cielo garantiza: la continuidad de los ritmos cósmicos y la estabilidad de las sociedades humanas, como soberano universal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 81»

«The Mongols believe that the sky sees everything, and when they make a vow they declare : " May heaven know it ", or : " May heaven witness it.»el uso mongol que recoge: el cielo lo ve todo, y al hacer voto se declara que el cielo lo sepa o que el cielo sea testigo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 81»

«In the signs of heaven (comets, droughts and the rest) they read the revelations and orders of God.»y la lectura de los signos celestes, cometas y sequías, como revelaciones y órdenes de Dios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 81»

«As creator, knowing and seeing all, guardian of the law, the sky god is ruler of the cosmos ; he does not, however, rule directly, but wherever there are political bodies, he rules by his earthly representatives the Khans.»la fórmula de la soberanía mediada: el dios del cielo rige el cosmos, pero no directamente, sino por sus representantes terrenos los kanes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 81»

«Such is the order of the eternal God : In heaven there is only one eternal God and there is to be only one master on earth, Genghis-Khan, son of God !»cita la carta de Mangu-Kan al rey de Francia que trajo Guillermo de Rubruck: un solo Dios eterno en el cielo y un solo dueño en la tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 81»

«And Genghis-Khan's seal bore the following inscription : " One God in heaven, and the Khan on earth. The seal of the Master of the World.»la inscripción del sello de Gengis Kan que cita: un Dios en el cielo y el Kan en la tierra, sello del Dueño del Mundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 81»

«This notion of the universal monarch, a son or representative of the sky god on earth, is also found among the Chinese (as among certain Polynesian peoples). In ancient Chinese texts the sky god had two names : T'ien (" Sky " and " God of the Sky ")»sitúa la misma noción del monarca universal entre chinos y polinesios, y da los dos nombres chinos del dios del cielo. El tramo se corta donde el troceo reemite la marca de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 81»

«The Emperor is the " son of heaven ", T'ien Tsu, the sky god's representative on earth.»el emperador chino como hijo del cielo, T'ien Tsu, representante del dios celeste en la tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«The sovereign guarantees not only the proper organization of society but also the fertility of the earth, the normal succession of nature's rhytluns.»lo que el soberano garantiza: la organización de la sociedad y a la vez la fertilidad de la tierra y la sucesión normal de los ritmos naturales; el troceo imprime *rhytluns*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«When there is an earthquake or some other calamity the Chinese sovereign confesses his sins and devotes himself to the practice of purification.»el rito de la calamidad: ante terremoto u otro desastre el soberano chino confiesa sus pecados y se entrega a la purificación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«Of what crime are we now accused, that the sky has unleashed death and torment ? . . . Would that this devastation and ruin of our country could fall on me alone !»la queja del rey en el Chi King ante la sequía, que cita: de qué crimen se nos acusa, y ojalá la ruina del país cayera sobre mí solo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«For the Emperor is the " unique man ", the representative of cosmic order and guardian of law.»la fórmula del emperador chino: el hombre único, representante del orden cósmico y guardián de la ley

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«The combination of Sky-Creator-Universal-Sovereign guaranteeing the cosmic order and the continuation of life on the earth, is completed by that specific trait of sky gods-passivity.»cierra el cuadro con el rasgo que persiste: al conjunto de cielo, creador y soberano universal se suma la pasividad propia de los dioses celestes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«In the great political organizations like China and the Mongol empires the sovereignty myth and the very existence of an empire reinforce the efficacy of the sky god.»observa que en las grandes organizaciones políticas el mito de la soberanía y la existencia misma del imperio refuerzan la eficacia del dios del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«But when he gets no help from " history ", the supreme divinity of the UraloAltaics tends, in the minds of his worshippers, to become passive and remote.»y a la inversa: sin ayuda de la historia, el supremo uralo-altaico tiende a volverse pasivo y remoto en la mente de sus fieles. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *UraloAltaics* por *Uralo-Altaics*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«And for the Tunguses, Buga (" sky ", " world ") knows everything but does not meddle in the affairs of mankind, nor even punish evildoers.»el caso tungús: Buga lo sabe todo pero no se mete en los asuntos de los hombres ni castiga a los malvados

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«The Tunguses from round Turukhansk believe that the sky god sometimes brings them good luck and sometimes ill, but say that they do not understand by what criterion he decides which to do.»el caso de los tunguses de Turujansk: el dios del cielo trae a veces buena suerte y a veces mala, y dicen no entender con qué criterio decide

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«But it cannot be said that the whole of religious life is dominated by belief in the Supreme Being ; there are a whole series of rites, beliefs and superstitions with no reference to him at all.»y el reparo final: tampoco ahí domina el Ser Supremo la vida religiosa entera, porque hay toda una serie de ritos y creencias que no lo mencionan

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 83»

«The Sumerian term for divinity, dingir, 6 had as its earliest meaning a sky epiphany : " bright, shining "»abre §19 con la etimología sumeria: dingir, el término para divinidad, tuvo por sentido primero una epifanía celeste, brillante y luminoso. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 83»

«The ideogram expressed in the word for " divinity " (which was pronounced dingir) was the same as that expressed in the word for " sky " (pronounced, in this case, ana, anu). To start with, this written sign was a hieroglyph representing a star.»el dato del ideograma: el mismo signo servía para divinidad y para cielo, y el signo escrito era al principio un jeroglífico que representaba una estrella

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 83»

«When it was pronounced an(a), an(u), the hieroglyph signified the transcendence of space as such : " high, high being ".»el valor del signo según su lectura: an(a), an(u) significaba la trascendencia del espacio como tal, lo alto, el ser alto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 83»

«Thus, the intuition of divinity as such (dingir) is based on hierophanies of the sky (high, bright, shining, sky, rain).»la conclusión que saca de la escritura: la intuición misma de la divinidad se funda en hierofanías del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 83»

«became centred upon one particular personalized divinity, Anu, whose name means " the sky ", and who had certainly appeared in history before the fourth millennium.»sitúa el desenlace de esas hierofanías en Anu, divinidad personalizada cuyo nombre significa el cielo y que aparece antes del cuarto milenio

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 84»

«Anu is a somewhat abstract god, at least in historical times. His cult is not widespread ; 1 in religious texts he is rarely invoked, and he does not figure among the lists of divine names.»el retrato del Anu histórico: dios más bien abstracto, de culto poco extendido, rara vez invocado en los textos religiosos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 84»

«No statues of Anu have been found3-which would seem to confirm that he has never actively affected Babylonian religious life or worship within historical times.»el argumento por el silencio arqueológico: no se han hallado estatuas de Anu, lo que confirmaría que no afectó activamente la vida religiosa babilonia en tiempos históricos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 84»

«Anu dwells, of course, in the sky. His palace, standing at the high peak of the vault, was not touched by the waters of the flood. 4 There, as with Olympus in Greek mythology, the gods visit him.»el palacio de Anu en la cima de la bóveda, no alcanzado por las aguas del diluvio y visitado por los dioses como el Olimpo griego

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 84»

«He is the supreme ruler, and the symbols of his kingship are used by all kings as source and justification for their authority ; symbolically, the king gets his power directly from Anu. 6 That is why only kings invoke him»la soberanía mediada en Mesopotamia: los reyes toman de Anu los símbolos de su realeza y el poder, y por eso solo ellos lo invocan. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 84»

«He is called " Father "7 rather in the sense of supreme authority than in the familiar sense.»precisa el sentido del título: Padre de los Dioses se dice ahí por autoridad suprema y no en sentido familiar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 84»

«However many and varied are the components that go to make up any religious creation (any divine form, rite, myth or cult) their expression tends constantly»enuncia su regla del arquetipo: por muchos y variados que sean los componentes de una creación religiosa, su expresión tiende siempre a volver a un arquetipo; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 77»

«to revert to an archetype. We shall be able, for that reason, to glance at some of the sky gods of polytheistic religion, without having to know the " history " of each in order to understand his make-up and his career ; for each one, whatever the history that has gone before, tends to work back to his original " form ", to revert to his archetype.»continuación en la plana siguiente: de ahí que pueda mirar los dioses celestes del politeísmo sin conocer la historia de cada uno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 78»

«The sky is a dynastic providence, an all-seeing and law-giving power. It is the god of vows. Men swear by the brightness of day and»cita a Granet sobre el cielo chino: providencia dinástica, poder que todo lo ve y da la ley, dios de los votos; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 81»

«of dawn ; they call to witness the blue vault, the blue sky, the sky on high that shines and shines.»continuación en la plana siguiente de la cita de Granet: se jura por la bóveda azul, por el cielo en lo alto que brilla y brilla

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«Generally speaking, though, one may say that the sky gods of the Uralo-Altaic tribes have kept their primordial character»el balance del apartado: los dioses celestes uralo-altaicos han conservado mejor que otros sus rasgos primordiales; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 82»

«gamies and are not transformed into gods of tempest or thunder.»continuación en la plana siguiente: no tienen hierogamias y no se transforman en dioses de la tempestad ni del trueno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 83»

«Hommel connects the Sumerian dingir, " God ", " shining ", with the Turco-Mongolian tengri, " Sky ", " God ". P. A. Barton thinks that the sky god Anu was imported-before the end of prehistoric times-from Central Asia into Mesopotamia»nota al pie donde alinea el dingir sumerio con el tengri turco-mongol y recoge la tesis de Barton, según la cual el dios del cielo Anu habría sido importado de Asia Central a Mesopotamia antes del fin de la prehistoria

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 83»

«But it remains very unclear how much each of these civilizations contributed. On the other hand, one can trace Oriental influences as far as the north of Russia as early as the third millennium (cf. the works of Tallgren). And, in any case, it is clear that the earliest proto-Turks had a sky god, that his likeness to the IndoEuropean sky god is most striking, and that, generally speaking, the structure of Indo-European religious life is closer to that of the proto-Turks than the religion of any other near-eastern or Mediterranean people.»cierre de esa misma nota: deja en duda cuánto aportó cada civilización y sostiene que la estructura de la vida religiosa indoeuropea se acerca más a la de los prototurcos que a la de ningún otro pueblo próximo-oriental o mediterráneo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 83»

«But as time went on, the feast of the New Year was consecrated to Marduk, a younger god (his rise dates from the time of Hammurabi, about 2150 B.c.), more dynamic (he battled with the sea-monster Tiamat and killed her), and more important still, a creator-god (Marduk created the world out of Tiamat's body).»la sustitución babilonia: la fiesta del Año Nuevo pasa de Anu a Marduk, más joven, más dinámico y creador, que hizo el mundo con el cuerpo de Tiamat

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 85»

«This change-over of Anu's principal feast to Marduk corresponds to the promotion of the storm-god Enlil-Bel to the rank of Supreme God of the Babylonians»empareja ese traspaso con el ascenso del dios de la tormenta Enlil-Bel al rango de dios supremo babilonio. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 85»

«There is no need to enter here into the discussion concerning Dieus, the hypothetical god of the light sky, common to all Aryan tribes.»abre §20 apartando la discusión sobre Dieus, el hipotético dios del cielo luminoso común a las tribus arias

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 85»

«Certain it is that the Indian Dyaus, the Roman Jupiter, the Greek Zeus and the Germanic god Tyr-Zio, are forms evolved in the course of history from that primeval sky divinity»lo que da por cierto: Dyaus, Júpiter, Zeus y Tyr-Zio son formas evolucionadas de aquella divinidad celeste primordial. El tramo se corta antes de la coma que abre la cláusula siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 85»

«their very names reveal the original twofold meaning of " light (day) " and " sacred " (cf. the Sanskrit div, " shine ", " day ", dyaus, " sky ", " day " ; dios, dies ; deivos, divus).»el argumento por los nombres: revelan el doble sentido primitivo de luz o día y de sagrado, con la serie div, dyaus, dios, dies, deivos, divus

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 85»

«But this does not mean, as many scholars think, 1 that no meteorological phenomena-storms, lightning, thunder and such-are connected with the original notion of Dieus.»objeta a quienes excluyen del Dieus originario los fenómenos meteorológicos, tormentas, rayo y trueno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 85»

«The most primitive sky gods (such as Baiame and Daramulum, cf. § 12) governed those phenomena, and the lightning was their major attribute.»el dato con que lo objeta: los dioses celestes más primitivos gobernaban esos fenómenos y el rayo era su atributo mayor

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 85»

«It would be hard to reduce the historical forms of the IndoAryan sky. divinities to any single theophany, or single series of sky theophanies. Their personality is richer, their functions more complex.»el reparo de método: no cabe reducir las formas históricas de las divinidades celestes indoarias a una teofanía única, porque su personalidad es más rica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 86»

«A decisive element in the personality of all these divinities is their sovereignty, and sovereignty cannot be explained merely by the sacredness of the sky.»el elemento decisivo que aísla: la soberanía, que no se explica solo por la sacralidad del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 86»

«Dyaus seldom appears in the Vedas or post-Vedic writings as a divinity proper ; 1 normally his name is used to mean " sky " or " day "»el caso de Dyaus: apenas aparece en los Vedas y en la literatura posvédica como divinidad propiamente dicha, y su nombre se usa por cielo o por día. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 86»

«the couple Dyavaprthivi, " Sky and Earth "»las trazas védicas que quedan de un Dyaus divinidad plena, entre ellas la pareja Dyavaprithivi, Cielo y Tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 86»

«Hierogamy, omniscience, and creativity are the specific attributes of a real sky divinity.»los tres atributos que fija para una divinidad celeste verdadera: hierogamia, omnisciencia y poder creador

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 86»

«But Dyaus has been the object of a process of " naturist " specialization ; he has ceased, in other words, to be the revealer of the holiness of the sky and become an expression for the daily phenomena of the sky (" sky ", " day ").»lee el caso de Dyaus como especialización naturista: deja de revelar la santidad del cielo y pasa a expresar el fenómeno diario del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 86»

«Here, too, it is the result of his " passivity " ; the sacred element is detached from the cosmic phenomena, and words once used to describe the sacred end by becoming profane»el mecanismo que propone: por pasividad, el elemento sagrado se desprende del fenómeno cósmico y las palabras que decían lo sagrado acaban profanas. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 86»

«But such a " laicizing " of Dyaus in no way destroys or weakens the theophany of the sky; it simply means that Dyaus has given place to another divinity.»y el límite del proceso: la laicización de Dyaus no destruye ni debilita la teofanía del cielo, solo significa que cedió el sitio a otra divinidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 86»

«What we can be certain of is that Varona is visvadar.Sata, " visible everywhere ", 1 that he " separated the two worlds ", 2 that the wind is his breath, 3 that he and Mitra are venerated as " the two powerful and sublime masters of the sky ", and that " darkening the clouds he shows himself at the first growl of thunder and makes the sky rain by a divine miracle»los rasgos celestes que da por ciertos en Varuna: visible en todas partes, separó los dos mundos, el viento es su aliento y oscurece las nubes y hace llover. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 87»

«At an early stage Varu¾a acquired lunar qualities, 5 and was so closely connected with rain that he became an ocean god.»el desplazamiento de Varuna: pronto adquirió cualidades lunares y quedó tan ligado a la lluvia que se volvió dios del océano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 87»

«The substitution of lunar divinities, or, more generally, the assimilation of lunar elements by primordial divine figures is something you will often meet in the history of religion.»generaliza el fenómeno: la sustitución por divinidades lunares, o la asimilación de elementos lunares por figuras primordiales, se encuentra a menudo en la historia de la religión

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 87»

«The rhythms of the moon rule rain and sea ; and the prerogative of rain passes from sky god to moon god.»la razón que da: los ritmos de la luna rigen la lluvia y el mar, y la prerrogativa de la lluvia pasa del dios del cielo al de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 87»

«His spies come down from the sky, and with their thousands of eyes they spy on the earth. Varu¾a the king sees all. . . . He even counts how often men wink their eyes»cita del Atharva Veda sobre la omnisciencia de Varuna: sus espías bajan del cielo y con mil ojos vigilan la tierra, y el rey cuenta hasta los parpadeos de los hombres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 87»

«he knows the trail of birds flying in the air . . . he knows the direction of the wind . . . and he, who knows all, spies out all secrets, all deeds and intentions»segunda cita, del Rig Veda: conoce la ruta de las aves en el aire y la dirección del viento, y espía todos los secretos, actos e intenciones

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 87»

«Varuna is not the only one with " a thousand eyes " ; Indra and Vayu have them also, 2 and Agni,l and Puruɧa. 4 We can establish some connection between the first two and the celestial regions (storms, winds, and such), but Agni is the god of fire, and as for Purusa, he was the mythical giant.»acota la fórmula: no solo Varuna tiene mil ojos, también Indra, Vayu, Agni y Purusha, que no son celestes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 88»

«Their having a thousand eyes was not due to any celestial prerogatives, but to the fact that in all the hymns to them they were regarded as omniscient and omnipotent gods or, in other words, as sovereigns.»y la conclusión: los mil ojos no vienen de prerrogativas celestes sino de que los himnos los tienen por omniscientes y omnipotentes, esto es por soberanos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 88»

«in Vedic writings, the stress does not always fall on his sky characteristics, but often on his quality of sovereign»abre §21 con el peso que los textos védicos ponen en Varuna: no siempre en lo celeste, a menudo en la soberanía. El tramo se corta antes de los dos puntos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 88»

«The faithful feel " like slaves " in his presence, 8 and the attitude of humility is to be found in the worship of no other god.»el rasgo de culto que aísla: los fieles se sienten como esclavos ante Varuna, y esa humildad no se da con ningún otro dios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 88»

«As universal sovereign, Varona is guardian of the norms of cosmic order. That is why he " sees " all, and no sin escapes him, however hidden ; it is to him that a man will pray when he feels thwarted, asking what sins he has committed, or how he has offended him.»la función soberana: guardián de las normas del orden cósmico, todo lo ve y ningún pecado se le escapa. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 88»

«He guarantees the contracts of men, " binding " them by their oaths. Anyone he wishes to ruin Varona " binds " ;11 and Varuna's " nets " are to be feared12 for they are bonds which paralyse and exhaust.»el atributo del atar: garantiza los contratos atando a los hombres por sus juramentos, y sus redes se temen porque paralizan y agotan

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 88»

«Even Varul).a's name can be explained by his power of binding, for nowadays the etymology var ( vrnoti) " to cover ", " to close in " (which would point to his celestial qualities) has been abandoned in favour of the interpretation proposed by H. Petersson and accepted by Giintertl and Dumezi}2 whereby it comes from the Indo-European root uer " to bind " (Sanskrit varatra " strap, rope " ; Lithuanian weru, wert, " to thread, to embroider " ; Russian verenica, " broken thread ").»la etimología que adopta: no var, cubrir, sino la raíz indoeuropea uer, atar, con los paralelos sánscrito, lituano y ruso que enumera. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 89»

«is always pictured with a rope in his hand3 and a great many ceremonies are performed with the otject of loosing men from " the bonds of Varul).a " (even knots are something special to him).»el dato iconográfico y ritual: Varuna se representa con una cuerda en la mano y muchas ceremonias buscan soltar a los hombres de sus ataduras

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 89»

«This power of binding, though later chthonian and lunar influences Varul).a has undergone ɣnay have increased it,5 indicates that the sovereignty of the god is essentially magical.»la tesis del apartado: el poder de atar indica que la soberanía del dios es esencialmente mágica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 89»

«is supremely the master of the maya, of magic influence. The bonds of Varul)a are magic as is his sovereignty itself; they are the symbol of those mystical powers held by the chief which are called : justice, administration, royal and public security, all powers. Sceptre and bonds, dalJr!a and piisiil;, in India and elsewhere, share the honour of representing all this.»cita a Dumézil: Varuna es por excelencia el dueño de la maya, y sus ataduras son mágicas como su soberanía, símbolo de los poderes del jefe. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 89»

«Consequently, at the ceremony of a king's consecration in India, Varul)a presides ; riijasilya, in any case, does nothing more than reproduce the archetypal act with which the first sovereign, Varul)a, was himself consecrated.»el rito que deriva: Varuna preside la consagración del rey en la India, y el rajasuya reproduce el acto arquetípico con que el primer soberano fue consagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 89»

«It would therefore be a mistake to think of VaruQa as simply a sky god, and to explain everything-personality, myth and rites-purely in the light of his celestial elements. Like others who are called sky gods, VaruQa is a complex figure and cannot be reduced to " naturist " epiphanies nor limited to social functions.»el reparo que repite: sería un error tener a Varuna por simple dios del cielo y explicarlo todo por sus elementos celestes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 90»

«The prerogatives of sovereignty developed, and they augmented the sky prerogatives ; VaruQa sees and knows all because from his starry home he towers above the universe ; but at the same time he can do everything because he rules over the cosmos, and he punishes all who break his laws by " binding " them (with illness or impotence) because he is the guardian of universal order.»cómo articula las dos series: la soberanía aumenta las prerrogativas celestes, y Varuna ve todo desde su morada estrellada y ata a quien quebranta la ley porque guarda el orden universal. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 90»

«One common note is clear in all these attributions and functions : the serene, sacred, one may almost say passive, quality of his " power ".»la nota común que aísla: el carácter sereno, sagrado y casi pasivo de su poder

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 90»

«he is powerful, he is sovereign, while remaining a contemplative (" a priest who frequents assemblies ").»y la fórmula: es poderoso y soberano siendo contemplativo, un sacerdote que frecuenta las asambleas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 90»

«is king, not by himself (svariij, like lndra) but sarimij, universal king. 2 That is to say, power is his by right because of his very nature ; this power enables him to act through magic, through " the power of the mind ", through " knowledge ".»la distinción que traza: Varuna no es rey por sí, como Indra, sino samraj, rey universal, con poder que le viene por naturaleza y actúa por magia y por conocimiento

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 90»

«In this way we can observe an extraordinary symmetry between what may be called Varul).a's " celestial aspect " and his " kingly aspect " so that they fit together and complete each other ; the sky is transcendent and unique in precisely the same way as the universal sovereign ; the tendency to passivity is shown by all the supreme sky gods who live in the higher spheres, far from man and more or less indifferent to his daily needs.»la simetría que propone entre el aspecto celeste y el aspecto regio de Varuna: el cielo es trascendente y único como el soberano universal. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 90»

«But let me point out at once that this notion of universal sovereignty, exercised purely by spiritual and magical means, owes its development and its definition of outline largely to the notion of the sky's transcendence.»fija el vínculo entre las dos: la soberanía universal ejercida por medios espirituales y mágicos debe su perfil a la noción de la trascendencia del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 91»

«But, on the other hand, the theory of " magic sovereignty " has had a marked influence on the original figure of the sky god. So much so that Varuna, at least historically speaking (as he appears, that is, in Vedic and post-Vedic writings), cannot be called simply a sky god.any more than he can be called a moon god or a sea god. He is, or tends to be, all these things at once, and at the same time, he is supremely the sovereign god.»y la influencia inversa: la teoría de la soberanía mágica marcó la figura del dios del cielo, hasta el punto de que Varuna no puede llamarse simplemente dios del cielo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 91»

«they used to go up to the highest mountains and offer sacrifices to Zeus, whose name they gave to the circular expanse of heaven ".»abre §22 con Heródoto sobre los iranios: subían a las montañas más altas a sacrificar a Zeus, nombre que daban a la extensión circular del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 91»

«We do not know what name this ·primordial sky god was called in the Iranian languages.»la abstención que consigna: no se sabe con qué nombre llamaban los iranios a ese dios celeste primordial

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 91»

«The divinity we find in the Avesta, the divinity Zarathustra attempted to transfigure, placing him at the heart of his religious reform, was called Ahura Mazda, " Lord Wisdom ", " omni»identifica al dios del Avesta que Zaratustra quiso transfigurar: Ahura Mazda, Señor Sabiduría. El tramo se corta en el guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 91»

«But in Zarathustra's reform Ahura Mazda was purified of his naturist elements, and it is rather in later writings-which reflect a return to the former polytheism of the Iranians-that we find the most clearly defined traces of the ancient sky god.»el efecto de la reforma: Ahura Mazda queda purificado de sus elementos naturistas, y las trazas del viejo dios del cielo se ven mejor en los escritos tardíos que vuelven al politeísmo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 91»

«From the first, comparative studies in religion have indicated in Ahura Mazda a counterpart of Varuna. Though certain scholars have contested this theory, 3 I can see no serious reasons for abandoning it.»la tesis comparatista que sostiene: Ahura Mazda es contrapartida de Varuna, y no ve razones serias para abandonar esa lectura pese a quienes la impugnan

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 91»

«An ancient formula fairly common in the Avesta is Mitra-Ahura ; 2 here Mitra is associated with an Ahura who has not yet become the Ahura Mazda of historical times and is more reminiscent of the supreme Asura of Vedic writings, Varul)a ; the Mitra-Ahura of the Avesta thus corresponds to the Vedic twofold name, Mitra-Varul)a.»el argumento de la fórmula: el Mitra-Ahura del Avesta corresponde al doble nombre védico Mitra-Varuna. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 92»

«I cannot go as far as Hertel, 3 Nyberg4 and Widengren, 5 and sec Mithra as the night sky, and Ahura Mazda as the sky by day.»la reserva que marca frente a Hertel, Nyberg y Widengren: no llega a ver en Mitra el cielo nocturno y en Ahura Mazda el cielo diurno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 92»

«But the sky structure in the epiphany of Ahura Mazda is beyond doubt.»y lo que sí da por fuera de duda: la estructura celeste de la epifanía de Ahura Mazda

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 92»

«For he has " for his clothing the steadfast vault of heaven " ;6 he makes rain fall from all parts of it to nourish " men that are pious and animals that are useful»las pruebas textuales que aduce: tiene por vestido la bóveda firme del cielo y hace caer la lluvia para los hombres piadosos y los animales útiles

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 92»

«It is impossible to deceive Ahura, who sees all ", says the Yasna.»cita del Yasna sobre la omnisciencia: es imposible engañar a Ahura, que todo lo ve

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 92»

«Like the other sky gods, Ahura Mazda is never sleepy and no narcotic has any effect on him.»el rasgo de vigilia: como los demás dioses celestes, Ahura Mazda no duerme y ningún narcótico lo afecta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 92»

«Ahura Mazda guarantees the inviolability of contracts, and the keeping of promises ; when he revealed to Zarathustra why he had created Mithra, Ahura Mazda said that anyone who breaks a pact (mithra=" contract ") will bring bad luck on the entire land.»la función contractual: garantiza los pactos, y al revelar a Zaratustra por qué creó a Mitra dijo que quien rompe un pacto trae desgracia sobre toda la tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 92»

«But these specializations must be seen as the result of various tendencies often to be found in the history of religion»cómo lee las especializaciones en dioses de tormenta o de fertilidad: resultado de tendencias frecuentes en la historia de la religión, y no prueba contra el dios del cielo luminoso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 85»

«You will find the same symmetry between the attributes of the sky god of the primitives and of the universal sovereign ; both guarantee the order and the fertility of nature as long as the law is kept ; rain ensures fertility, but any breaking of the law, any " sin ",»la segunda simetría: el dios del cielo primitivo y el soberano universal garantizan ambos el orden y la fertilidad mientras se guarde la ley; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 90»

«who " binds ", a privilege possessed by various other sovereign gods (§ 23), and one that reveals his magic powers,»la fórmula que le importa: Varuna es la divinidad que ata, privilegio de otros dioses soberanos, y eso revela sus poderes mágicos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 88»

«threatening the very life of society and nature.»continuación en la plana siguiente de la frase sobre la ley quebrantada: la falta amenaza la vida misma de la sociedad y de la naturaleza

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 91»

«But all these attributes and these functions imply not only a sky epiphany, but other prerogatives too-that, for instance, of sovereignty.»el mismo giro que hizo con Varuna aplicado a Ahura Mazda: sus atributos implican no solo una epifanía celeste sino la prerrogativa de la soberanía

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 93»

«because of his sovereignty, he must guarantee the good organization and prosperity both of nature and of society, for a single infringement would be enough to endanger the balance of order at every cosmic level.»lo que la soberanía le impone: garantizar la organización y la prosperidad de la naturaleza y de la sociedad, porque una sola infracción bastaría para desequilibrar el orden en todos los niveles

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 93»

«We have far too little in the way of Iranian religious writings-chiefly because of Zarathustra's reform-to be able to reconstruct the original figure of Ahura Mazda as a sky god.»declara el muro documental: los escritos religiosos iranios son demasiado escasos, sobre todo por la reforma de Zaratustra, para reconstruir la figura original de Ahura Mazda

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 93»

«One might even wonder whether Ahura Mazda ever was a sky god pure and simple, whether being a supreme god did not at the same time make him the god of destiny, 4 the archetype of ruler and of priest, 5 the bisexual god, 6 whether in fact he did not show himself from the start of his " history " as a complex theophany in which elements of sky naturally played an important, but never an exclusive, part.»la duda que se plantea en voz alta: si Ahura Mazda fue alguna vez un dios del cielo puro y simple, o si desde el principio fue una teofanía compleja. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 93»

«It is necessary, too, to point out the pre-Zarathustra notion of Ahura Mazda as deus otiosus7 who does not create directly, but through the spenta mainyu, 8 that is, through the intermediary of a " good spirit ", rather like the demiurge that accompanies the Supreme Being of the sky in primitive religions.»la noción prezoroástrica que consigna: Ahura Mazda como deus otiosus que no crea directamente sino por el spenta mainyu, a la manera del demiurgo que acompaña al Ser Supremo celeste. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 93»

«The phenomenon is so general that it seems as if it must correspond to some fundamental tendency in religious life»observa que el fenómeno es tan general que parece corresponder a una tendencia fundamental de la vida religiosa. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 93»

«But religious reform implies an experience of the sacred quite different from the sort we are dealing with here, and can be discussed more usefully elsewhere.»y aparta el asunto: la reforma religiosa supone una experiencia de lo sagrado distinta de la que aquí trata

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«In Greece, Ouranos preserved his naturist character more clearly ; he was the sky.»abre §23: en Grecia, Urano conservó con más claridad su carácter naturista, era el cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«Hesiod shows him 1 drawing near, and spreading out in all directions as, " eager for love " and bringing night with him, he envelops the earth.»la escena de Hesíodo que cita: Urano se acerca y se extiende en todas direcciones, ávido de amor y trayendo la noche, y envuelve a la tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«This cosmic marriage is a clear statement of what the sky's function is. But apart from this myth, nothing of Ouranos remains to us ; not even an image. His rather wavering cult was usurped by other gods, particularly Zeus.»lee esa boda cósmica como enunciado claro de la función del cielo, y consigna que del culto de Urano no queda nada, ni siquiera una imagen

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«Ouranos too, in fact, bears witness to this fate of sky divinities to be gradually driven out of religious life and practice, to go through innumerable usurpations, substitutions and amalgamations, and at last to be forgotten.»sitúa a Urano en la misma suerte de los dioses celestes: expulsión gradual de la vida religiosa, usurpaciones, sustituciones y olvido final

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«Completely forgotten as far as religion goes, Ouranos survives only in the myth handed down by Hesiod ; a myth which, whatever rituals it may suggest, still does satisfy the desire to know how things began.»y el resto que queda: olvidado en la religión, Urano sobrevive solo en el mito de Hesíodo, que satisface el deseo de saber cómo empezaron las cosas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«It shows that there existed, at the beginning, if not the sky alone, at least the divine pair Sky-Earth.»lo que el mito muestra: que al principio existía, si no el cielo solo, al menos la pareja divina Cielo-Tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«In Hesiod's myth, Earth (Gaia) gives birth to Ouranos ; a remnant of the chthonian religion of prehellenic times.»nota al pie donde consigna la inversión: en el mito de Hesíodo es la Tierra quien da a luz a Urano, resto de la religión ctónica prehelénica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«Ouranos was supremely the male-who-makesfruitful, as were all the sky gods ; as was, for instance, Dyaus (he was known as sure tal;, " good seed ", 3 and from his embrace with his divine wife Prthivi were born men and gods).»llama a Urano el macho fecundador por excelencia, como todos los dioses celestes, y pone a Dyaus por paralelo con su epíteto de buena simiente. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *makesfruitful* por *makes-fruitful*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«But, unlike other sky gods, Ouranos' fecundity was dangerous. His creatures were not like the inhabitants of the world we know, but monsters (with a hundred arms, fifty eyes, immensely tall and so on).»el rasgo que lo aparta: la fecundidad de Urano era peligrosa y sus criaturas eran monstruos de cien brazos y cincuenta ojos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«Ouranos hid them in the body of the earth (Gaia), so that she suffered and groaned.»el mito de la ocultación: Urano escondió a sus hijos en el cuerpo de la tierra, que sufría y gemía

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«Encouraged by Gaia, his youngest child, Kronos, waited for his father to come to the earth as he always did at nightfall, and cut off his genital organ and threw it in the sea.»la castración de Urano por Crono, azuzado por Gea, al llegar el padre a la tierra al caer la noche

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«This mutilation put a stop to Ouranos' monstrous creations, and, by that very fact, to his sovereignty.»el efecto que le atribuye: la mutilación pone fin a las creaciones monstruosas y con ello a la soberanía de Urano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«As Dumezil has shown, 1 this myth has a counterpart in the myth of Varur).a's impotence and the ritual for a sovereign's investiture in India.»recoge de Dumézil el paralelo con el mito de la impotencia de Varuna y con el rito indio de investidura del soberano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«what must be noted for the moment is the essential meaning of the two myths and of their corresponding rituals (the control and assurance of fecundity).»fija el sentido de esos mitos y sus ritos: el control y el aseguramiento de la fecundidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«The symmetry between the two sovereignties of Varur).a and Ouranos is also astonishing ; despite the evolution of Ouranos towards naturism, he " was the first sovereign of the universe " ; 2 his eldest daughter was called Basileia.»la simetría entre las dos soberanías: pese a su evolución naturista, Urano fue el primer soberano del universo y su hija mayor se llamaba Basilea

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«Just as Varur).a is supremely the divinity who " binds ", so Ouranos too " binds " his children, hiding them one after another in the body of Gaia.»el paralelo del atar: como Varuna, Urano ata a sus hijos escondiéndolos uno tras otro en el cuerpo de Gea

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«Kronos succeeds him as universal sovereign, and puts his adversaries in chains ; the Orphics also invest Zeus with the same magic power.»la transmisión del poder de atar: Crono lo sucede y encadena a sus adversarios, y los órficos invisten a Zeus con el mismo poder mágico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«What marks Ouranos out from the other sky gods is his monstrous fecundity and the hatred he nourishes for what he has himself created.»resume el rasgo propio de Urano: su fecundidad monstruosa y el odio que alimenta contra lo que él mismo ha creado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«All the sky gods are creators ; they make the world, gods, living beings. Fecundity is only one element in their essential vocation as creators.»la distinción que traza: todos los dioses celestes son creadores, y la fecundidad es solo un elemento de esa vocación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«The holy Sky is drunk with penetrating the body of Earth ", says Aeschylus»cita el verso de las Danaides de Esquilo: el Cielo santo está ebrio de penetrar el cuerpo de la Tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«That is why the sky gods of the Indo-Mediterranean religions are all in one way or another identified with bulls.»la consecuencia iconográfica: los dioses celestes de las religiones indomediterráneas se identifican de un modo u otro con toros

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 95»

«As Mazon notes in his commentary on Hesiod's Theogony, 1 the mutilation of Ouranos puts an end to his hateful and unproductive fecundity, and introduces into the world through the appearance of Aphrodite (born out of the foam bloodied by Ouranos' genital organ) an order, a fixedness of species which was to prevent all disordered and dangerous procreation in the future.»recoge el comentario de Mazon a la Teogonía: la mutilación pone fin a una fecundidad odiosa e improductiva e introduce con Afrodita un orden y una fijeza de las especies. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 96»

«This singularity of Ouranos, at least as Hesiod's myth presents it, has not been fully explained.»declara el límite de la explicación: la singularidad de Urano, tal como la presenta el mito de Hesíodo, no está del todo explicada

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 96»

«Could it be some reminiscence, some negative caricature, of that mythical day, that illud tempus, when creation had as yet no fixed norms, when anything might be born of anything else, when the wolf lay down with the Iamb, and the leopard with the kid ?»la hipótesis que propone en interrogativa: una reminiscencia o caricatura negativa de aquel illud tempus en que la creación no tenía normas fijas y cualquier cosa podía nacer de otra. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 96»

«A thing which characterized that " time " of dawn and of paradise was indeed utter liberty, which existed at every level of reality, and therefore among the various species.»lo que caracterizaba aquel tiempo del alba: una libertad total en todos los niveles de lo real y por tanto entre las especies

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 96»

«A good many traditions speak of the fluid and monstrous character of the beings created when the world first began.»el apoyo comparativo: muchas tradiciones hablan del carácter fluido y monstruoso de los seres creados al principio del mundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 96»

«One wonders whether this strange monster-breeding of Ouranos might be a rationalization produced by the Greek mind to show the value of the regime brought about by Aphrodite and later governed by Zeus, in which the species are fixed, there is order, balance, and hierarchy.»la segunda hipótesis, también en interrogativa: que la cría de monstruos sea una racionalización griega para realzar el régimen de Afrodita y de Zeus, con especies fijas y jerarquía. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 96»

«His place was taken by Zeus whose name shows that he was essentially celestial.»abre §24: el lugar de Urano lo toma Zeus, cuyo nombre muestra que era esencialmente celeste

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 96»

«But obviously we must not limit his sphere to " the serene, light, shining sky ", looking upon his meteorological activities as later developments or outside influences.»el reparo que repite: no hay que limitar a Zeus al cielo sereno y luminoso ni tener sus funciones meteorológicas por desarrollos tardíos o influencias ajenas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«Zeus's weapon was the thunderbolt and places struck by lightning, enelysia, were consecrated to him.»el arma y el lugar sagrado: el rayo era el arma de Zeus y los sitios heridos por él, los enelysia, le quedaban consagrados

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«The meaning of all Zeus's titles is quite clear, and all more or less directly evidence his connection with storm, rain, and fertility. Thus, he is called Ombrios and Hyetios (rainy), Urios (he who sends favourable winds), Astrapios (who sends lightning), Bronton (who thunders), etc.»la serie de epítetos de Zeus, todos ligados a tormenta, lluvia y fertilidad: Ombrios, Hyetios, Urios, Astrapios, Bronton. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«He is called Georgos (farmer) and Chthonios (earth-dweller),! because he governs the rain, and assures the fertility of the fields.»los dos epítetos agrarios, Georgos y Chthonios, que explica por el gobierno de la lluvia y la fertilidad de los campos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«Even his animalesque aspect (Zeus Lykaios, as a wolf to whom human sacrifice was offered)2 can be accounted for by the magic connected with farming (the sacrifices took place in time of drought, storm, and such).»y el aspecto animal, Zeus Lykaios como lobo con sacrificio humano, que atribuye a la magia agraria de las sequías y tormentas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«It has long been observed that Zeus, though he is the supreme divinity of the Greek pantheon, has relatively few feasts and less of a cult than many other gods, and various explanations have been put forward for this anomaly.»consigna la anomalía observada desde antiguo: Zeus, divinidad suprema del panteón griego, tiene pocas fiestas y menos culto que otros dioses

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«he does however dominate two important elements of it -agriculture and expiation.»y lo que sí domina: dos elementos importantes de la vida religiosa, la agricultura y la expiación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«Everything that will ensure a good harvest (rain, everything to do with weather), and whatever purifies from sin, falls under the jurisdiction of the sky.»el criterio que unifica los dos: cuanto asegura la buena cosecha y cuanto purifica del pecado cae bajo la jurisdicción del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«Many scholars are so fascinated with the etymology of Dieus that they forget the unity of structure of the primitive notion of sky divinities.»objeta a los estudiosos fascinados por la etimología de Dieus que olvidan la unidad de estructura de la noción primitiva de divinidad celeste

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«Zeus is, of course, sovereign ; but he has kept, more clearly than the other sky gods, his character of " Father ". He is Zeus Pater (cf. Dyaus Pitar, Jupiter), archetype of the patriarchal head of the family.»el rasgo que le queda más claro que a otros: Zeus Pater, arquetipo del jefe patriarcal de la familia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«Father " and " Sovereign ", Zeus quite naturally becomes the divinity of the city, Zeus Polienos, and it is from him that the kings get their authority. But this many-sidedness always comes back to the same basic form : supremacy belongs to the Father, that is to say, to the Creator, maker of all things.»el paso a la ciudad: Zeus Polieus, de quien los reyes reciben su autoridad, y la fórmula que unifica sus caras, la supremacía es del Padre, esto es del Creador

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 98»

«This " creative " element is very marked in Zeus, not on the cosmogonic level (for the universe was not created by him), but on the bio-cosrnic level : he governs the sources of fertility, he is master of the rain.»precisa en qué plano es creador Zeus: no en el cosmogónico, porque no hizo el universo, sino en el biocósmico, como dueño de la lluvia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 98»

«His supremacy is at once fatherly and kingly; he guarantees the well-being of the family and of nature both by his creative powers, and by his authority as guardian of the order of things.»la fórmula con que cierra el apartado: su supremacía es paterna y regia a la vez, y garantiza el bienestar por su poder creador y por su autoridad de guardián del orden

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 98»

«A manifold symbolism attaches to mountains (§ 31) ; they are " high ", they are nearer to heaven, they are the meetingplace of clouds and from them the thunder is loosed.»abre §25 con el simbolismo múltiple de las montañas: son altas, están más cerca del cielo, son cita de las nubes y de ellas se suelta el trueno. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *meetingplace* por *meeting-place*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 98»

«The oak was sacred to Jupiter (as to Zeus) because it was the tree most often struck by light»el roble consagrado a Júpiter, como a Zeus, por ser el árbol más herido por el rayo. El tramo se corta en el guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 98»

«The oak tree on the Capitol belonged to Jupiter Feretrius, qui ferit, " he who strikes ", known also as Jupiter Lapis, and represented by a silex.»el roble del Capitolio de Júpiter Feretrio, qui ferit, el que hiere, llamado también Júpiter Lapis y representado por un sílex

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 98»

«Like all sky gods, Jupiter punished with thunderbolts, and he punished particularly all who failed to keep their word, all who violated treaties.»la función judicial: Júpiter castigaba con el rayo, y sobre todo a quienes faltaban a su palabra y violaban los tratados

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 98»

«Jupiter Lapis consecrated treaties between nations ; a fetialis killed a pig with the sacred silex, declaring : " If the Roman people violate the treaty, may Jupiter strike them as I now strike this pig with the stone !»el rito del fecial que cita: mataba un cerdo con el sílex sagrado declarando que si el pueblo romano violara el tratado, Júpiter lo hiriera como él hería al cerdo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 98»

«As the true cosmic sovereign that he is, Jupiter intervenes in history not by physical, military force, like Mars, but by his magic powers.»la distinción que traza entre Júpiter y Marte: el soberano cósmico interviene en la historia no por la fuerza militar sino por sus poderes mágicos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 99»

«brings out this magic of Jupiter's by recalling an incident in Roman history ; the Sabines, already in control of the Capitol, threaten to annihilate the whole Roman army through panic and Romulus begs of Jupiter : " Let the Romans stop being terrified, arrest their shameful flight ! " At that moment, as if by a miracle, their courage returns, and they counter-attack and conquer.»el episodio con que Dumézil ilustra esa magia: ante los sabinos dueños del Capitolio, Rómulo pide a Júpiter que cese el terror, y el valor vuelve como por milagro. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 99»

«Tacitus, speaking of the religion of the Semnones, 8 notes the belief of that Germanic tribe in a supreme god, regnator omnium deus, though he does not record his name.»el testimonio de Tácito sobre los semnones: creen en un dios supremo, regnator omnium deus, cuyo nombre no consigna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 99»

«Thor (Donar ; Thunraz) is, like Indra and Jupiter, a god of tempest and combat.»sitúa a Thor con Indra y Júpiter como dios de tempestad y de combate

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 99»

«The distinction between Ouranos who " binds " his enemies and knows the future (he warns Kronos of the danger threatening him) and Zeus who fights " heroically " with his thunderbolts, or between the " magician " Varul).a and the warrior Indra-these same differences occur, with some natural variations, in Germanic mythology.»la distinción que traslada a la mitología germánica: el que ata y conoce el futuro frente al que lucha heroicamente con el rayo, como Varuna frente a Indra. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 99»

«Odin (Woden), in particular, is a difficult case, and cannot be reduced to any simple definition. He developed along various different lines, taking in the attributes of agricultural deities and divinities of fertility, and also becoming a chthonian, master of the souls of dead heroes.»el caso de Odín, que no se deja reducir a definición simple: tomó atributos de deidades agrícolas y de la fertilidad y se hizo ctónico, dueño de las almas de los héroes muertos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 100»

«The analogies between the Wodenist religion and the shamanism of the nomads of north and north-west Asia have recently become clearer and clearer.»consigna que las analogías entre la religión wodenista y el chamanismo de los nómadas del norte de Asia se han ido aclarando

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 100»

«Woden is " the great shaman " who stays hanging from the tree of the world for nine nights, 4 and discovers the runes, thus getting his magic powers (this is undoubtedly a reference to some initiation rite).»el mito que aduce: Woden, el gran chamán, cuelga nueve noches del árbol del mundo y descubre las runas, lo que remite sin duda a un rito de iniciación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 100»

«His very name shows that he is master of wut, furor religiosus (Wodan, id est furor, says Adam of Bremen).»la etimología que aduce: su nombre mismo lo hace dueño del wut, furor religiosus, con la fórmula de Adán de Bremen, Wodan id est furor

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 100»

«Marduk " binds " Tiamat (iv, 95), " chains him up ", and kills him (iv, 104). In the same way, he chains up all the gods and demons who helped Tiarnat, and casts them into prisons and caves (iv, 1 1 1-14, 1 17, 120). Marduk gains his sovereignty by his heroic fighting, but also keeps the prerogatives of magic sovereignty.»cierre de esa misma nota: Marduk ata y encadena a Tiamat y a sus aliados, gana la soberanía por combate heroico y conserva a la vez las prerrogativas de la soberanía mágica. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 100»

«In the case of Ahura Mazda, this tendency was thwarted by Zarathustra's reform -just as so many religious reformers»sitúa la reforma de Zaratustra como freno de esa tendencia al deus otiosus; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 93»

«gods of heaven who had been turned into dei otiosi and whose place in the religious life of the masses had been taken by more concrete and dynamic divine figures (gods of fertility, Great Goddesses, and so forth).»continuación en la plana siguiente: los reformadores devolvieron la vida a dioses celestes vueltos dei otiosi, cuyo lugar habían tomado figuras más concretas y dinámicas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 94»

«explains Zeus Ktesios, the Hausvater the Hellenes took with them in all their migrations, whom they represented as a veritable domestic genius under the form of a serpent.»continuación en la plana siguiente: de ahí Zeus Ktesios, el Hausvater que los helenos llevaban en sus migraciones y representaban como serpiente doméstica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 98»

«Thor is supremely the champion among the gods, the archetype of the German heroes ; Odin, though he is also involved in innumerable battles, conquers without any effort thanks to his»el reparto germánico: Thor es el campeón entre los dioses y arquetipo de los héroes, y Odín vence sin esfuerzo; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 99»

«ability to paralyse his adversary with fear, " binding " him).»continuación en la plana siguiente: la magia de Odín es ubicuidad, cambio de forma y la capacidad de paralizar al adversario con miedo y de atarlo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 100»

«Ea, the divinity of water and of wisdom, does not struggle " heroically " with the primordial»nota al pie con el paralelo babilonio: Ea, dios del agua y de la sabiduría, no lucha heroicamente con los monstruos primordiales; el tramo se corta donde el troceo reemite la marca de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 100»

«monsters, Apsu and Mummu, but " binds " them by magic incantations so as to kill them afterwards»continuación de esa nota al otro lado de la marca: ata a Apsu y a Mummu por encantamientos mágicos para matarlos después

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 100»

«The picture of him as pater familias»llama a Zeus retrato del pater familias; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana y la frase sigue diciendo que refleja las concepciones sociológicas de las razas arias

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 97»

«The Celts believed in Taranis, who was certainly a sky. god of storm (from the Celtic root taran, to thunder, cf. the Irish torann, " thunder ").»el caso celta: Taranis, dios del cielo y de la tormenta, con la raíz taran, tronar, y el irlandés torann

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 101»

«The Baltic Perkunas (perkunas, lightning), and the proto-Slavic Perun ( cf. the Polish piorun, thunder), were also supreme sky gods, manifesting themselves chiefly in storm.»los casos báltico y protoeslavo: Perkunas y Perun, supremos dioses celestes que se manifiestan sobre todo en la tormenta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 101»

«And in both their names (perkus, quercus) and their cults, these sky divinities display a close relationship with the oak, and with various birds supposed to herald the weather (birds that herald a storm, or spring).»el vínculo con el roble por los nombres y los cultos, y con las aves que anuncian el tiempo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 101»

«But, at least as they appear in history, they show a marked " specialization " ; they are primarily divinities of storm ; they govern the seasons, and bring rain, which makes them divinities of fertility.»el reparo histórico: esos dioses aparecen ya especializados en divinidades de la tormenta que rigen las estaciones y traen la lluvia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 101»

«The oak of Dodona was consecrated to Zeus, but near it were the sacred doves, symbols of the great Earth Mother, which suggests that of old there was a hierogamy of the sky god of storm with the Great Goddess of fecundity, a phenomenon which we shall find elsewhere on a large scale.»el indicio de Dodona: junto al roble de Zeus estaban las palomas sagradas de la Gran Madre Tierra, lo que sugiere una antigua hierogamia del dios de la tormenta con la Gran Diosa. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 101»

«The " specialization " of sky gods into gods of hurricane and of rain, and also the stress on their fertility powers, is largely explained by the passive nature of sky divinities and their tendency to give place to other hierophanies that are more concrete, more clearly personal, more directly involved in the daily life of man.»abre §26 explicando la especialización de los dioses celestes en dioses de huracán y de lluvia por su pasividad y por la tendencia a ceder ante hierofanías más concretas. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 101»

«This fate results largely from the transcendence of the sky and man's ever-increasing " thirst ·for the concrete ".»la fórmula que repite: esa suerte resulta de la trascendencia del cielo y de la sed creciente de lo concreto en el hombre

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 101»

«To make description of it easier, I should like to distinguish two lines of development : first, the god of the sky, master of the world, absolute sovereign (despot), guardian of the law ; and second, god of the sky, creator, supremely male, spouse of the great Earth Goddess, giver of rain.»el doble esquema que propone para describir esa evolución: el dios soberano guardián de la ley, y el dios creador macho, esposo de la Diosa Tierra y dador de lluvia. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 101»

«As a typical example of the first class-sovereigns and guardians of the law-take T'ien, Varuna, Ahura Mazda.»los ejemplos de la primera clase, soberanos y guardianes de la ley: T'ien, Varuna y Ahura Mazda

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 102»

«But note, in all the figures grouped under this heading, the following constantly-recurring themes : marriage with the Earth Goddess ; thunder, storm and rain ; ritual and mythical connection with bulls.»los tres temas recurrentes de la segunda clase: matrimonio con la Diosa Tierra, trueno, tormenta y lluvia, y vínculo ritual y mítico con los toros

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 102»

«applying the terms of chemistry to mythology one might say that varying components go to make up their " compositions ".»la metáfora de método que emplea: aplicando a la mitología los términos de la química, las composiciones de esos dioses varían en sus componentes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 102»

«The most important of these are : the power of originating life (and hence their connection with bulls-the earth being very often pictured as a cow), thunder and rain ; the epiphanies, in fact, of force and of violence, the necessary sources of those energies on which the life in the universe depends.»lo que esas figuras comparten: el poder de originar vida, y por eso el toro, con el trueno y la lluvia, epifanías de fuerza y de violencia de las que depende la vida del universo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 102»

«Divinities of the atmosphere are quite certainly specializations of sky divinities, but however extreme the " specialization " may have been, it never manages to destroy their celestial character.»la tesis que sostiene: las divinidades atmosféricas son especializaciones de las celestes, y por extrema que sea la especialización nunca destruye su carácter celeste

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 102»

«Parjanya rules over the waters and over all living creatures, 2 sends down the rains, 3 guarantees the fecundity of men, animals and plants4 and the whole Universe trembles when he unleashes his storms.»los poderes de Parjanya: rige las aguas y los vivientes, manda las lluvias, garantiza la fecundidad y hace temblar al universo cuando desata sus tormentas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 103»

«Parjanya is more concrete and more dynamic than Dyaus, and is more successful in maintaining his place in the Indian pantheon. But that rank is no longer supreme.»el balance de esa figura: más concreta y dinámica que Dyaus, y por eso mejor conservada en el panteón, pero ya no suprema

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 103»

«His specialization has limited the bounds of his domain ; and, more important still, even within those bounds he is not invulnerable. Another hierophany of storm and fertilizing energy could easily replace him if new rituals and new mythological creations were to demand it.»el precio de la especialización: limita el dominio y deja al dios vulnerable, sustituible por otra hierofanía de tormenta y de energía fecundante

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 103»

«Parjanya gave way to Indra, the most popular of all the Vedic gods (no fewer than two hundred and fifty hymns are addressed to him in the ]J..g Veda alone, as against ten to Varul).a, and thirty-five to Mitra, Varuna and Aditya together).»la sustitución que se produjo: Parjanya cedió ante Indra, el más popular de los dioses védicos, con doscientos cincuenta himnos frente a diez de Varuna. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 103»

«Indra is supremely the " hero ", the brave warrior of indomitable energy, the conqueror of the monster Vrtra (who steals all the waters), insatiable consumer of soma.»el retrato de Indra: el héroe por excelencia, guerrero de energía indomable, vencedor del monstruo Vritra y consumidor insaciable de soma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 103»

«Whatever interpretations are advanced, we cannot miss seeing Indra's cosmic importance and his function as demiurge.»lo que da por innegable, cualesquiera que sean las interpretaciones: la importancia cósmica de Indra y su función de demiurgo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 103»

«Drunk with soma he kills Vrtra, unleashes tornadoes, and makes the whole world tremble.»la escena que resume: ebrio de soma, Indra mata a Vritra, desata los tornados y hace temblar el mundo entero

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 103»

«He is a living personification of the exuberance of life, of cosmic and biological energy ; he makes the sap in things circulate and the blood, puts the life into seeds, gives free play to rivers and seas, and bursts open the clouds.»la fórmula con que lo define: personificación viva de la exuberancia de la vida, que hace circular la savia y la sangre y abre las nubes. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 103»

«Born of the laughter of lightning" ,t the Maruts are constantly invoked not to hurl their " projectiles "2 against men and cattle, and not to kill them.»los Marut, nacidos de la risa del relámpago, a los que se invoca para que no lancen sus proyectiles contra hombres y ganado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 104»

«Storms are the supreme unleashings of creative force ; Indra pours down the rain and governs moisture of every kind, so that he is both god of fertility4 and the archetype of the forces that originate life.»la tesis del apartado: las tormentas son el desencadenamiento supremo de la fuerza creadora, e Indra es a la vez dios de la fertilidad y arquetipo de las fuerzas que originan la vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 104»

«He is urvavapati, " master of the fields " and siraspati, " master of the plough ", he is " the bull of the world ", 8 he makes fields, animals and women fruitful ; 7 he is invoked at weddings that the bride may bear ten sons»los epítetos agrarios y nupciales de Indra: dueño de los campos, dueño del arado, toro del mundo, invocado en las bodas para que la novia tenga diez hijos. El tramo se corta antes de la coma que abre la cláusula siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 104»

«All Indra's attributes and powers are interrelated, and the spheres he governs correspondingly so. Whether we see him sending thunderbolts to strike Vrtra, or setting the waters free, or sending the storm that goes before rain, or absorbing fabulous amounts of soma, whether we see him fertilizing the fields or see his fantastic sexual powers, we are always faced with some manifestation of the life force.»lo que unifica los atributos de Indra: rayo, aguas, tormenta, soma, campos y potencia sexual son siempre manifestación de la fuerza vital. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 104»

«The myth of Indra is a perfect expression of the fundamental oneness of all abundant manifestations of life.»la fórmula que le importa: el mito de Indra expresa la unidad fundamental de todas las manifestaciones abundantes de la vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 104»

«But Indra is not a creator ; he promotes life and diffuses it victoriously all over the universe, but he does not make it.»el límite que le pone: Indra no es creador, promueve y difunde la vida pero no la hace

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 105»

«The creative function with which every sky divinity is endowed is " specialized ", in Indra's case, into a generative and vitalizing mission.»y la fórmula del caso: la función creadora propia de toda divinidad celeste queda en Indra especializada en misión generadora y vitalizadora

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 105»

«lndra is constantly compared to a bull. 2 His Iranian counterpart, Vrthraghna, appeared to Zarathustra as a bull, a stallion, a ram, a he-goat and a boar, 3 " so many symbols of the male and combative spirit, of the elementary forces of the blood.»abre §27 con la comparación de Indra con el toro y con su contrapartida irania Vrthraghna, que apareció a Zaratustra como toro, caballo, carnero, macho cabrío y jabalí, símbolos del espíritu viril y combativo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 105»

«These same animal epiphanies are also to be found in Rudra, a pre-Aryan divinity, absorbed into Indra. Rudra was the father of the Maruts and one hymn 6 recalls how " the bull Rudra created them in the bright breast of Prsni»las mismas epifanías animales en Rudra, divinidad preariana absorbida por Indra, padre de los Marut que el toro Rudra creó en el seno luminoso de Prisni

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 105»

«As a bull, the generating divinity of the sky united himself to a cow goddess of cosmic proportions. Pràl).i was one of her names, Sabardugha another ; but she remains always a cow procreating all things.»la hierogamia que describe: como toro, la divinidad generadora del cielo se une a una diosa vaca de proporciones cósmicas que procrea todas las cosas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 105»

«in the Atharva Veda, 8 the cow unites herself with all the gods in turn and procreates on all cosmic levels ; " the gods have life of the cow and men also, the cow becomes this universe vast as the empire of the Sun.»la cita del Atharva Veda: la vaca se une por turno con todos los dioses y procrea en todos los niveles cósmicos, y de la vaca viven dioses y hombres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 105»

«This very condensed presentation of the hierophany of lndra, at least as we have it in myth, does not exhaust Indra's function in Indian religion. Every divine figure is always involved in innumerable rites which I cannot go into in detail here. (It is important, for instance, to recall that Indra and his escort of Maruts are the archetypes of Indo-Aryan " socie˾ies of men ", cf. Stig Wikander, Der arische Miinnerbund, Lund, 1938, pp. 75 ff.). This is true of all the divinities discussed here.»nota al pie donde declara el límite de su propia exposición: el resumen de la hierofanía de Indra no agota su función en la religión india, porque toda figura divina está metida en ritos innumerables. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 105»

«His connection with bulls, for instance, and with soma, confer upon him certain lunar prerogatives.»el caso de Indra: su vínculo con los toros y con el soma le confiere prerrogativas lunares

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 106»

«The moon governs the seas and the rains, and all fertility is its gift (§§ 49 ff.) ; the hull's horns came very early to be associated with the crescent moon.»la razón que da: la luna rige mares y lluvias y de ella viene toda fertilidad, y los cuernos del toro se asociaron pronto a la luna creciente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 106»

«But always bear in mind that generative " specialization " forces the sky gods to take into their personality every hierophany directly connected with the fertility of the universe.»la regla que formula: la especialización generadora obliga al dios del cielo a absorber en su personalidad toda hierofanía ligada a la fertilidad del universo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 106»

«When stress is laid on his meteorological (storm, lightning, rain) and generative functions, a sky god must necessarily not merely become the partner of the great earthmoon mother, but also absorb her attributes»y el corolario: acentuadas las funciones meteorológicas y generadoras, el dios celeste no solo se vuelve consorte de la gran madre tierra-luna sino que absorbe sus atributos. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 106»

«The bull and the thunderbolt were very early on (by 2400 B.c.) symbols connected with gods of the sky and weather.»data la asociación: el toro y el rayo eran ya hacia el 2400 antes de Cristo símbolos ligados a los dioses del cielo y del tiempo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 106»

«In archaic cultures, the bellowing of the bull was likened to thunder and hurricanes (cf. the " bull-roarer " of the Australians) ; and both were epiphanies of fecundating forces.»la equivalencia que traza en las culturas arcaicas: el bramido del toro se asemejaba al trueno y al huracán, y ambos eran epifanías de fuerzas fecundantes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 106»

«The Kanarese ko which means ox, also signifies sky, lightning, ray of light, water, horn, mountain.»el dato léxico canarés: ko significa buey y también cielo, relámpago, rayo de luz, agua, cuerno y montaña

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 107»

«The complex religious whole made up of sky-lightning-fecundity is here preserved as completely as it could be.»lo que ese dato le muestra: el conjunto religioso de cielo, relámpago y fecundidad conservado ahí lo más completo posible

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 107»

«There is possibly some connection between these Dravidian words and the Sanskrit gou (Indo-European gu-ou) and the Sumerian gu(d) which mean both " bull " and " powerful or brave ".»la conexión que propone con reserva: entre las voces dravídicas, el sánscrito gou y el sumerio gu(d), que significan a la vez toro y poderoso o valiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 107»

«We might also note the common origin of the Semitic and the Greek and Latin words for bull ( cf. the Assyrian shuru,. the Hebrew shor, the Phoenician thor, etc., and the Greek tauros, and Latin taurus) which confirms the unity of this religious pattern.»el segundo argumento léxico: el origen común de las voces semíticas, griega y latina para toro, que a su juicio afianza la unidad de este patrón religioso. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 107»

«In Iran, sacrifices of bulls were frequent, and Zarathustra opposed them unwearyingly.»el dato iranio: los sacrificios de toros eran frecuentes y Zaratustra se opuso a ellos sin descanso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 107»

«We do not know the name of the supreme god of the Hittites, spouse of the goddess Arinna ; it was once wrongly thought that he was called Zashhapunah.»la abstención sobre el dios hitita: no se sabe el nombre del dios supremo esposo de la diosa de Arinna, y se creyó por error que se llamaba Zashhapunah

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 107»

«His name was written by means of two ideograms of Babylonian origin, U and I M. The reading of this ideogram in the Luvian language was Dattas, and the Hurrites called him Teshub.»cómo se escribía ese nombre: con dos ideogramas de origen babilonio, U e IM, leídos Dattas en luvita y Teshub entre los hurritas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 107»

«His various titles bear witness to his sky attributes and his position as absolute sovereign : " king of the sky ", " lord of the country of the Hatti ". The commonest epithet for him is " most powerful ", and he is symbolized by lightning, an axe or a club.»los títulos de ese dios: rey del cielo y señor del país de Hatti, con el epíteto más común de poderosísimo y por símbolos el rayo, el hacha y la maza

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 108»

«Remember that in all near-eastern cultures " power " is primarily symbolized by the bull ; in Akkadian " breaking the horn " is equivalent to " destroying the power ".»el dato que recuerda: en las culturas próximo-orientales el poder se simboliza ante todo por el toro, y en acadio romper el cuerno equivale a destruir el poder

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 108»

«The only myth we know is that of his battle with the serpent Illuyankas6 in which we once more meet the same theme of the battle between the god of storm and fertility and a reptilian monster (like Indra and Vrtra, or Zeus and Typhon ; the prototype is Marduk and Tiamat).»el único mito conocido de ese dios, su batalla con la serpiente Illuyankas, que alinea con Indra y Vritra, Zeus y Tifón y el prototipo de Marduk y Tiamat

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 108»

«The Sumero-Bahylonians knew him by the names of Enlil and Bel. Though third in their triad of cosmic gods, he was the mosfimportant of the whole pantheon ; he was the son of Anu, the supreme sky god.»el caso de Enlil-Bel: tercero en la tríada cósmica y el más importante del panteón, hijo del supremo Anu

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 108»

«Here again, you see, the wellknown phenomenon of the passing from a celestial deus otiosus to an active and fecundating god.»la regla que repite: otra vez el paso de un deus otiosus celeste a un dios activo y fecundante

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 108»

«In Sumerian, his name means " lord of the violent wind " (Iii, " powerful wind, hurricane "). Thus he is also called fugal amaru, " divinity of the wind and hurricane ", and umu, " storm ", En-ug-ug-ga, that is " master of storms ".»los nombres sumerios de Enlil: señor del viento violento, divinidad del viento y del huracán, dueño de las tormentas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 108»

«the lines of development are never parallel, but constantly cut across each other, that the sovereign is often the giver of rain, that the " fecundator " is often a despot.»acota el esquema de las dos líneas: nunca corren paralelas y se cruzan sin cesar, porque el soberano suele dar la lluvia y el fecundador suele ser déspota

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 102»

«Take, for instance, the case of Parjanya, the Indian god of hurricanes. His celestial nature is clear : Parjanya is the son of Dyaus»el caso de Parjanya, dios indio de los huracanes, cuya naturaleza celeste da por clara: es hijo de Dyaus

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 102»

«when he is thought to be the spouse of Prthvi, goddess of the earth.»y la confusión con su padre: a veces se tiene a Parjanya por esposo de Prithvi, diosa de la tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 103»

«The dynamic force of fruitfulness is the same at every level of things, and often the very words themselves show that the things that produce fertility are connected with each other, or come from the same root»el argumento por la lengua: la fuerza dinámica de la fecundidad es la misma en todos los niveles, y a menudo las palabras mismas muestran que lo que produce fertilidad está emparentado. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 104»

«we find it also in a fairly wide area of Africa, Europe and Asia. But note at once that such a " specialization " also betrays outside influences, sometimes racial, sometimes religious.»abre el punto siguiente: la especialización taurina y generadora no se limita a la India y se halla en África, Europa y Asia, delatando influencias externas, raciales o religiosas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 106»

«His celestial origin and meteorological function are also shown by the name of his temple at Nippur, " the House of the Mountain ".»el argumento por el nombre del templo de Enlil en Nippur, la Casa de la Montaña, que remite a su origen celeste

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 109»

«The " mountain " continues as a symbol of the sky divinity even when the latter has been " specialized " into a god of fecundity and sovereignty.»la regla que extrae: la montaña sigue siendo símbolo de la divinidad celeste aun cuando esta se haya especializado en dios de fecundidad y de soberanía

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 109»

«The god El, who took first place in the early Phoenician pantheon, was called " bull " (shor) and also El (" merciful bull ").»el caso fenicio: El, primero del panteón antiguo, llamado toro, shor, y toro misericordioso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 109»

«Hadad makes his voice heard in thunder, hurls down lightning, and dispenses rain.»los rasgos de Hadad: hace oír su voz en el trueno, lanza el rayo y dispensa la lluvia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 109»

«The proto-Phoenicians compared Hadad to a bull : texts only lately deciphered describe how " the strength of Ba'al [that is to say, Hadad] struck Mot with his horns like wild bulls»la comparación protofenicia de Hadad con un toro, según textos recién descifrados: la fuerza de Baal hirió a Mot con los cuernos como toros salvajes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 109»

«This interdependence between the " generative " and " celestial " symbols in all these types of storm god is noteworthy.»fija el hallazgo del apartado: la interdependencia entre los símbolos generativos y los celestes en todos estos tipos de dios de la tormenta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 110»

«The god Min, prototype of the Egyptian god Ammon, was similarly described as " the bull of his mother ", and the " great bull " (Ka wr).»el caso egipcio: Min, prototipo de Amón, descrito como el toro de su madre y el gran toro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 110»

«Lightning was one of his attributes and his functions of raining and giving life are clear from one title describing him-" He who tears open the rainbearing cloud ".»los rasgos de Min: el rayo entre sus atributos y el título que lo llama el que desgarra la nube que trae la lluvia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 110»

«Min was not a god of local origin ; the Egyptians knew that he had come with his consort, the cow Hathor, from the land of Pwnt, that is, from the Indian Ocean.»el dato de procedencia que consigna: los egipcios sabían que Min había venido con su consorte, la vaca Hathor, del país de Punt

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 110»

«note that it was as a bull that Zeus carried off Europa (epiphany of the Great Mother), had his liaison with Antiope and attempted to violate her sister Demeter.»los raptos de Zeus en forma de toro: Europa como epifanía de la Gran Madre, Antíope y el intento sobre Deméter

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 110»

«And in Crete we can read a very strange epitaph : " Here lies the great Ox who was called Zeus.»el epitafio cretense que cita: aquí yace el gran Buey que se llamaba Zeus

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 110»

«As we can see, this structure made up of the rainy sky, bull and Great Goddess was one of the elements that united all the proto-historic religions of Europe, Africa and Asia.»abre §28 con la estructura que ha ido armando: cielo lluvioso, toro y Gran Diosa como elemento que une las religiones protohistóricas de Europa, África y Asia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 110»

«What is primarily venerated in Min, Ba'al, Hadad, Teshub and other bull-gods of lightning who are husbands of Great Goddesses is not their celestial character but their potentialities as fecundators.»precisa qué se venera en esos dioses toro del rayo: no su carácter celeste sino sus potencialidades de fecundadores

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 110»

«That they are sacred is due to their sacred marriage with the great Earth Mother.»de dónde les viene la santidad: de su matrimonio sagrado con la gran Madre Tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 110»

«The transcendence of the sky is seen mainly as expressed in the weather, and its " power " is simply an unlimited reservoir of seeds.»la fórmula que le importa: la trascendencia del cielo se ve sobre todo expresada en el tiempo atmosférico, y su poder es un depósito ilimitado de semillas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 111»

«The Sumerian me means " man, male ", and at the same time, " sky ".»el dato léxico sumerio con que lo apoya: me significa hombre o macho y a la vez cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 111»

«The gods of the weather (thunder, storm, rain) and of generation (the bull) lose their celestial autonomy, their absolute sovereignty.»el precio que pagan: los dioses del tiempo y de la generación pierden su autonomía celeste y su soberanía absoluta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 111»

«Each is accompanied, and often dominated, by a Great Goddess upon whom the fecundity of the universe ultimately depends.»y lo que los reemplaza: una Gran Diosa los acompaña y a menudo los domina, y de ella depende en último término la fecundidad del universo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 111»

«They are no longer the creators who made the cosmos, like the primordial sky gods, but simply fecundators and procreators at the biological level.»el cambio de rango que consigna: ya no son creadores del cosmos como los dioses celestes primordiales, sino fecundadores y procreadores en el plano biológico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 111»

«Hierogamy with the goddess becomes their essential function. That is why we constantly come upon them in all fertility cults, and particularly those of the earth ; but they never play the leading part in them ; that is always played either by the Great Mother, or by a " son ", the god of vegetation who periodically dies and rises again.»y su nueva función esencial: la hierogamia con la diosa, con lo que quedan en los cultos de fertilidad sin el papel principal, que lleva la Gran Madre o el hijo que muere y resucita. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 111»

«In the end the " specialization " of sky gods may change their whole form radically ; by abandoning their transcendence, by becoming " accessible ", and so indispensable to human life, by changing from dei otiosi into dei pluviosi, generative gods in the form of bulls, they are constantly taking to themselves functions, attributes and honours foreign to them, and for which they had no concern in their superb celestial trans»el balance de la especialización: abandonada la trascendencia, vueltos dei pluviosi y dioses generadores taurinos, asumen funciones y honores ajenos a su condición celeste. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 111»

«We also observe the reverse happening : a local god that has become, owing to its " historical " circumstances, a supreme god, takes to itself the attributes of sky divinity. Assur, the divine protector of the town of the same name, borrowed the attributes of the supreme Creator and Sovereign and thus became one with the sky gods»nota al pie con el movimiento inverso: un dios local vuelto supremo por circunstancias históricas toma los atributos de la divinidad celeste, como Assur

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 111»

«The hull's horns were long ago compared to a crescent and likened to the moon.»el dato iconográfico: los cuernos del toro se compararon desde antiguo a la media luna; el troceo imprime *hull's* por *bull's*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 112»

«Thus, for instance, the Babylonian moon god, Sin, was called " the powerful calf of Enlil ", while Nannar, the moon god of Ur, was described as " powerful young bull of the sky, most wonderful son of Enlil ", or " the powerful one, the young bull with strong horns ", etc.»los epítetos taurinos de los dioses lunares mesopotámicos: Sin, poderoso ternero de Enlil, y Nannar, joven toro poderoso del cielo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 112»

«In Egypt, the divinity of the moon was " the bull of the stars ".»el epíteto egipcio de la divinidad lunar, el toro de las estrellas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 112»

«Everything connected with fecundity belongs, more or less directly, to the immense orbit of Moon-Waters-Woman»el círculo que traza: todo lo ligado a la fecundidad pertenece más o menos directamente a la órbita inmensa de Luna, Aguas, Mujer y Tierra. El tramo se corta en el guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 112»

«The only sky gods of rain and fertility who managed to preserve their autonomy, despite unions with innumerable Great Goddesses, are those who developed along the lines of sovereignty ; who held on to their sceptres, as well as their thunders and fecundating powers, and thus remained the guarantors of the order of the universe, guardians of the norms, and personifications of Law.»abre §29 con la excepción: los únicos dioses celestes de lluvia y fertilidad que conservaron su autonomía son los que se desarrollaron por la vía de la soberanía. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 112»

«Naturally, these • two ruling figures had personalities closely fashioned according to the peculiar leaning of the Greek and Roman mind towards the notions of norm and law. But rationalizations of this sort are only possible because based upon a religious and mythical intuition of the rhythms of nature, with their harmony and agelessness.»acota el caso de Zeus y Júpiter: sus personalidades se plegaron al gusto griego y romano por la norma y la ley, pero esas racionalizaciones se apoyan en una intuición religiosa de los ritmos de la naturaleza

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 113»

«The " evolution " of the supreme God of the Hebrews is to be found on a plane that is in some ways parallel. Yahweh's personality and religious history are far too complex to be summed up in a few lines.»abre el caso de Yahvé declarando de entrada que su personalidad y su historia religiosa son demasiado complejas para resumirse en unas líneas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 113»

«Let me say, however, that his celestial and atmospheric hierophanies very early became the centre of those religious experiences which made later revelations possible.»lo que sí sostiene: las hierofanías celestes y atmosféricas de Yahvé fueron muy pronto el centro de las experiencias que hicieron posibles las revelaciones posteriores

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 113»

«Yahweh displayed his power by means of storms ; thunder is his voice and lightning is called Yahweh's " fire ", or his " arrows ".»los rasgos celestes de Yahvé: muestra su poder por las tormentas, el trueno es su voz y el rayo se llama su fuego o sus flechas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 113»

«thunders began to be heard and lightning to flash, and a very thick cloud to cover the mount»la cita del Éxodo con que ilustra la teofanía del Sinaí: truenos, relámpagos y una nube espesísima sobre el monte mientras transmitía la Ley a Moisés

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 113»

«Deborah recalled with holy dread how at the Lord's footstep " the earth trembled and the heavens dropped water.»la cita del cántico de Débora: a la pisada del Señor tembló la tierra y los cielos destilaron agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 113»

«Yahweh warns Elias of his approach by " a great and strong wind . . . overthrowing the mountains, and breaking the rocks in pieces : the Lord is not in the wind. And after the wind an earthquake : the Lord is not in the earthquake. And after the earthquake a fire : the Lord is not in the fire. And after the fire a whistling of a gentle air.»la teofanía de Elías que cita: el Señor no estaba en el viento, ni en el terremoto, ni en el fuego, sino en el silbo de un aire suave. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 113»

«And Yahweh's covenant with the descendants of N oe after his escape from the Flood is expressed by a rainbow : " I will set my bow in the clouds, and it shall be the sign of a covenant between me, and between the earth»la alianza con Noé expresada por el arco iris, que cita del Génesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 114»

«These hierophanies of sky and weather, unlike those of other storm gods, manifest above all the " power " of Yahweh.»lo que distingue esas hierofanías de las de otros dioses de la tormenta: manifiestan ante todo el poder de Yahvé

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 114»

«The Lord i s the true and only Master o f the cosmos. H e can make all things, annihilate all things.»la fórmula que extrae: el Señor es el verdadero y único dueño del cosmos, puede hacerlo todo y aniquilarlo todo; el troceo separa las letras en *i s*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 114»

«His " power " is absolute, which is why his freedom knows no bounds.»el vínculo que traza entre poder y libertad: por ser absoluto su poder, su libertad no conoce límites

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 114»

«Uncontested sovereign, he measures his mercy or his anger as he will : and this absolute liberty the Lord enjoys is the most effective revelation of his absolute transcendence and autonomy ; for by nothing can the Lord be " bound "-nothing constrains him, not even good actions or obedience to his laws.»la consecuencia teológica que saca: la libertad absoluta revela la trascendencia de Yahvé, porque nada lo ata, ni siquiera las buenas obras ni la obediencia a sus leyes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 114»

«Yahweh made a " covenant " with his people, but his sovereignty meant that it was quite possible for him to annul it at any moment. That he did not was due not to the " covenant " itself-for nothing can " bind " God-but to his infinite goodness.»la lectura de la alianza: la soberanía de Yahvé le permitiría anularla en cualquier momento, y si no lo hace es por su bondad infinita y no por la alianza misma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 114»

«Throughout the religious history of Israel, Yahweh shows himself a sky god and storm god, creator and omnipotent, absolute sovereign and " Lord of Hosts ", support of the kings of David's line, author of all the norms and laws that make it possible for life on earth to go on.»el retrato que da de Yahvé a lo largo de la historia de Israel: dios del cielo y de la tormenta, creador y omnipotente, soberano absoluto y Señor de los Ejércitos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 114»

«The substitution of gods of storm and gods of procreation for the sky gods occurred also in worship.»abre §30: la sustitución de los dioses celestes por los de la tormenta y la procreación ocurrió también en el culto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 115»

«As for the great Vedic sacrifice, the Asvamedha, it was in the end offered to Prajapati (sometimes to Indra as well), having previously been offered to Varul).a, and as Varul).a had taken the place of Dyaus, it is most likely that this sacrifice of a horse was originally performed in honour of the ancient Indo-Aryan sky god.»el caso del Asvamedha: acabó ofrecido a Prajapati tras haberlo sido a Varuna, y como Varuna sucedió a Dyaus, el sacrificio del caballo habría sido en origen para el dios celeste indoario. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 115»

«The essential and primitive element of the Asvamedha is its connection with the creation of the world. The horse is identified with the cosmos and the sacrificing of it symbolizes (that is, reproduces) the act of creation.»lo que tiene por elemento esencial del rito: su conexión con la creación del mundo, con el caballo identificado al cosmos y su sacrificio reproduciendo el acto creador

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 115»

«That the Asvamedha is at the same time a ritual of initiation is shown clearly enough by the following verses from the IJ_g Veda : " We have become immortal, we have seen the light, we have found the gods.»la prueba de que es también rito de iniciación, con el verso del Rig Veda que cita: nos hemos vuelto inmortales, hemos visto la luz, hemos hallado a los dioses

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 115»

«Whoever knows the mystery of that initiation has triumphed over the second death (punarmrtyu) and fears death no longer.»el efecto que se atribuye a ese conocimiento: quien sabe el misterio de la iniciación ha vencido la segunda muerte y ya no teme morir

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 115»

«The initiation is in fact a conquest of immortality and a change over from the human to the divine state.»la definición de iniciación que da: conquista de la inmortalidad y paso del estado humano al divino

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 115»

«This bringing together of the conquest of immortality with a repetition of the act of creation is significant ; the offerer gets beyond the merely human state and becomes immortal by a creation ritual.»lo que le parece significativo: que la conquista de la inmortalidad vaya unida a la repetición del acto de creación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 115»

«All that interests us here is the dramatic nature of the act of creatiOn as we have it in such myths : the Cosmos is no more created ex nihilo by the supreme divinity, but comes into existence by means of the sacrifice (or self-sacrifice) of a god (Prajapati), a primeval monster (Tiamat, Y mir), of a super-man (Puruàa), or a primeval animal (the bull Ekadath of the Iranians).»lo que le interesa de esos mitos: el cosmos ya no se crea de la nada, sino por el sacrificio de un dios, un monstruo primordial, un superhombre o un animal primigenio. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 116»

«The source of all these myths is to be found in a real or allegorical human sacrifice (Puruàa means " man ") ; this is a pattern that has been found by Gahs to exist throughout a vast number of different races, and it is always connected with initiation ceremonies of secret societies.»la fuente que les atribuye, siguiendo a Gahs: un sacrificio humano real o alegórico, ligado siempre a ceremonias de iniciación de sociedades secretas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 116»

«The dramatic nature of the creative sacrifice of a primeval being shows that such stories of creation are not " primitive ", but represent stages in a long and complicated mythico-religious process that was highly developed even in prehistory.»lo que deduce de ese carácter dramático: esos relatos de creación no son primitivos sino etapas de un proceso mítico-religioso largo y ya muy desarrollado en la prehistoria

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 116»

«In the example I have taken, we can discover yet another substitution : the Indian sacrifice of a horse replaced the more ancient sacrifice of a bull (a bull was sacrificed in Iran, and the creation myth speaks of a primordial bull ; Indra, in fact, was first pictured surrounded by bulls, though later by stallions ; " Prajapati is, indeed, the great bull ").»la segunda sustitución que descubre en el Asvamedha: el sacrificio indio del caballo reemplazó al más antiguo del toro. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 116»

«In Vedic writings they saw Asvins, whose very name shows their connection with horses, riding, not horses, but humped cattle.»el dato que lo afianza: en los textos védicos los Asvins, cuyo nombre mismo los liga a los caballos, montan reses con giba

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 116»

«The sky is primarily the place where thunder " bellows ", where the clouds gather, and where the fertility of the fields is determined»qué es el cielo en ese régimen: el lugar donde brama el trueno, donde se juntan las nubes y donde se decide la fertilidad de los campos; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 110»

«the place, in fact, which ensures the continuance of life on earth.»continuación en la plana siguiente: el cielo es el lugar que asegura la continuidad de la vida sobre la tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 111»

«meteorological happenings are not always and necessarily explained by a sky divinity»el reparo que abre el punto siguiente: los fenómenos meteorológicos no se explican siempre ni necesariamente por una divinidad celeste; el tramo se corta antes de la llamada de nota que el troceo pega al cuerpo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 111»

«rain combination were sometimes looked on-by the Eskimos, for instance, by the Bushmen and in Peru-as a hierophany of the moon.»continuación en la plana siguiente: la combinación de relámpago, tormenta y lluvia se leyó a veces, entre esquimales, bosquimanos y en el Perú, como hierofanía de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 112»

«storm god's " sowing "-fits in with the hierophany of the waters, which are the most important sphere the moon domi»cómo articula lluvia y luna: la lluvia, que llama la siembra del dios de la tormenta, encaja en la hierofanía de las aguas, la esfera principal que domina la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 112»

«other supreme gods, who' cannot contravene their own laws (Zeus could not save Sarpedon from death),1 Yahweh maintains his absolute freedom.»la diferencia que fija con los demás dioses supremos: no pueden contravenir sus propias leyes, y Zeus no pudo salvar a Sarpedón de la muerte, mientras Yahvé conserva su libertad absoluta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 115»

«The myth about them owes much both to the hierophanies of the sky (dawn, Venus, the phases of the moon) and to the worship of the Gemini ; and the belief (see the Bibliography) that the birth of twins presupposes the union of a mortal with a god, and particularly with a sky god, is extremely widespread.»sitúa el mito de los gemelos divinos entre las hierofanías del cielo y el culto de los Gémini, con la creencia muy difundida de que el nacimiento de mellizos supone la unión de un mortal con un dios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 117»

«The Asvins were always represented at the side of a feminine divinity, either Uàii, goddess of Dawn, or Siirya ; the Dioscuri also accompanied a female figure, their mother or their sister : Castor and Pollux accompanied Helen, Amphion and Zethos their mother Antiope, Heracles and Iphikles their mother Alcmene, Dardanos and Iasion, Harmonia, and so on.»el rasgo común que aísla: los Asvins y los Dioscuros aparecen siempre junto a una figura femenina, madre o hermana, con la serie de parejas que enumera. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 117»

«The Asvins, the Dioscuri, or whatever other name these mythical twins go by, are the sons of the sky god (most usually as a result of his union with a human woman) ;»primer rasgo de los gemelos míticos: son hijos del dios del cielo, casi siempre de su unión con una mujer humana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 117»

«their activity on earth is always beneficent. The Asvins, like the Dioscuri, are healers, saving men from danger,»tercer rasgo: su actividad en la tierra es siempre benéfica, son sanadores y salvan a los hombres del peligro. El tramo se corta antes del renglón siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 117»

«In a sense they are the representatives of the sacred power of the sky on earth, though they are undoubtedly more complex in form than that, and · could not be adequately described merely as dispensers of that power.»cómo los define con reserva: en cierto sentido representan en la tierra el poder sagrado del cielo, aunque su forma es más compleja que la de simples dispensadores de ese poder

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 117»

«The Dioscuri did not achieve a leading role in religious life everywhere. Where the " god's sons " failed, the god's son succeeded.»la fórmula con que abre el paso siguiente: donde fracasaron los hijos del dios, triunfó el hijo del dios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 117»

«Dionysos was the son of Zeus, and his appearance in the religious history of Greece was a spiritual revolution.»llama revolución espiritual a la aparición de Dioniso, hijo de Zeus, en la historia religiosa de Grecia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 117»

«In every case these divinities had a close connection with vegetation, with suffering, death and resurrection»el rasgo común de esos hijos: conexión estrecha con la vegetación, con el sufrimiento, la muerte y la resurrección. El tramo se corta antes de la coma que abre la cláusula siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 117»

«Not only the Aegean and Eastern mystery religions, but also the main streams of popular piety took shape around these gods, in name gods of vegetation, but primarily dramatic gods, taking on the destiny of man himself, like him experiencing passions, suffering and death.»lo que se formó en torno a esos dioses: no solo las religiones mistéricas egeas y orientales, sino las corrientes mayores de la piedad popular, en torno a dioses dramáticos que cargan con el destino del hombre. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 117»

«Never had god been brought so close to man.»la fórmula breve con que lo cierra: nunca se había acercado tanto un dios al hombre

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 117»

«That same " thirst for the concrete " which was forever thrusting the sky gods-with their remoteness, their impassibility, their indifference to the daily struggle-into the background, is shown in the importance given to the " son " of the sky god-to Dionysos, Osiris, Aleion and the rest.»repite la explicación general: la misma sed de lo concreto que arrincona a los dioses celestes da importancia al hijo del dios del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 118»

«but it is not his paternity that explains the all-important part he plays in the history of religion, but his " humanity ", the fact that he definitely shares the lot of mankind, even though he passes beyond it in his periodic resurrection.»precisa qué explica el papel del hijo: no su paternidad divina sino su humanidad, el compartir de veras la suerte de los hombres aunque la rebase en su resurrección periódica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 118»

«However, it would be quite wrong to limit the hierophanies of the sky to divine or semi-divine figures issuing from them.»abre §31 con un reparo de método: sería un error limitar las hierofanías del cielo a las figuras divinas que salen de ellas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 118»

«The sacred nature of the sky appears in innumerable rites and myths which are not, in appearance at least, directly connected with any sky god.»lo que sostiene en cambio: la naturaleza sagrada del cielo aparece en ritos y mitos innumerables que no se ligan en apariencia a ningún dios celeste

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 118»

«The sacred as manifested by the sky lives on in men's religious experience, after the actual sky god has faded into the background, in the symbolism of " height ", " ascension ", " centre ", and so on.»cómo sobrevive esa sacralidad: en el simbolismo de la altura, de la ascensión y del centro, después de que el dios del cielo se haya borrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 118»

«Mountains are the nearest thing to the sky, and are thence endowed with a twofold holiness : on one hand they share in the spatial symbolism of transcendence-they are " high ", " vertical ", " supreme ", and so on-and on the other, they are the especial domain of all hierophanies of atmosphere, and therefore, the dwelling of the gods.»la doble santidad de las montañas: participan del simbolismo espacial de la trascendencia y son el dominio propio de las hierofanías atmosféricas. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 118»

«in Mesopotamian belief, " the Mountain of the Lands " unites earth and heaven»el ejemplo mesopotámico: la Montaña de las Tierras une tierra y cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«in Indian mythology Mount Meru rises up in the centre of the world ; above it the Pole Star sends forth its light.»el ejemplo indio: el monte Meru se alza en el centro del mundo y sobre él brilla la Estrella Polar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«The Uralo-Altaic peoples also have a central mountain, Sumbur, Sumur or Senreru, above which hangs the Pole Star.»el ejemplo uralo-altaico: la montaña central Sumbur, Sumur o Sumeru, sobre la que pende la Estrella Polar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«According to Iranian belief, the sacred mountain Haraberazaiti (Harburz) is at the centre of the earth and is fastened to the sky.»el ejemplo iranio: Haraberazaiti está en el centro de la tierra y sujeta al cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«In the Edda, Himingbjorg is, as its name suggests, a " celestial mountain " ; that is the point where the rainbow (Bifrost) touches the dome of heaven.»el ejemplo de la Edda: Himingbjorg es montaña celeste, el punto donde el arco iris Bifrost toca la bóveda del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«The mountain, because it is the meeting place of heaven and earth, is situated at the centre of the world, and is of course the highest point of the earth.»la fórmula que resume: por ser cita de cielo y tierra, la montaña está en el centro del mundo y es el punto más alto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«That is why so many sacred places-" holy places ", temples, palaces, holy towns-are likened to " mountains " and are themselves made " centres ", become in some magic way part of the summit of the cosmic hill»la consecuencia ritual: templos, palacios y ciudades santas se asimilan a montañas y se vuelven centros, parte mágica de la cumbre del monte cósmico. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«Mounts Tabor and Gerizim in Palestine were also " centres " and Palestine, the Holy Land, held therefore to be the highest place on earth, and to have been unaffected by the Flood.»el caso palestino: el Tabor y el Garizín como centros, y la Tierra Santa tenida por el lugar más alto y no alcanzado por el diluvio

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«The Land of Israel was not submerged by the deluge," says one rabbinic text.»la sentencia rabínica que cita: la tierra de Israel no fue sumergida por el diluvio

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«To Christians, Golgotha is the centre of the world, for it is the peak of the cosmic mountain and the spot where Adam was created and buried.»el caso cristiano: el Gólgota como centro del mundo, cima del monte cósmico y sitio donde Adán fue creado y enterrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«According to the tradition of Islam, the highest spot on earth is the Ka'aba for " the Pole Star proves that . . . it lies against the centre of heaven.»el caso islámico: la Kaaba como punto más alto de la tierra, porque la Estrella Polar señal de que está frente al centro del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«The ziqqurat was actually a " cosmic hill ", that is, a symbolic image of the cosmos ; its seven levels represented the seven heavens of the planets (as at Borsippa), or were the colours of the world (as at Ur).»qué era el zigurat: colina cósmica e imagen simbólica del cosmos, con sus siete niveles por los siete cielos planetarios o por los colores del mundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 120»

«The temple of Borobudur was itself an image of the cosmos and was built in the shape of a mountain.»el caso de Borobudur: imagen del cosmos construida en forma de montaña

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 120»

«An extension of the sacredness of the temple (hill, centre of the world), to the whole town, made certain cities in the East " centres " themselves, peaks of the cosmic mountain, points of junction between the cosmic regions.»cómo se extiende esa sacralidad: del templo a la ciudad entera, que se vuelve centro, cima del monte cósmico y punto de unión de las regiones cósmicas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 120»

«Thus, Larsa was called, among other things, " the home of the junction between heaven and earth ", and Babylon, " the home of the foundation of the sky and the earth ", " the union of heaven and earth ", " the home of the luminous hill ", etc.»los nombres de Larsa y de Babilonia que aduce: casa de la juntura entre cielo y tierra, casa del fundamento del cielo y la tierra, unión de cielo y tierra. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 120»

«In China, the capital of the perfect sovereign stood at the exact centre of the universe, 4 that is, at the summit of the cosmic mountain.»el caso chino: la capital del soberano perfecto estaba en el centro exacto del universo, esto es en la cumbre del monte cósmico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 120»

«What we can note for the moment is the consecrating power of " height ". High places are impregnated with sacred forces. Everything nearer to the sky shares, with varying intensity, in its transcendence.»lo que retiene por ahora: el poder consagrante de la altura, y que todo lo más cercano al cielo participa con distinta intensidad de su trascendencia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 120»

«Every ascent is a breakthrough, as far as the different levels of existence are concerned, a passing to what is beyond, an escape from profane space and human status.»la fórmula de la ascensión: toda subida es una ruptura de nivel, un paso al más allá y una salida del espacio profano y de la condición humana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 120»

«The mountain, the temple, the city, and so on are consecrate because they are given the attributes of the " centre " ; originally, that is, they were assimilated into the highest point of the universe, and the point where heaven and earth meet.»por qué son consagrados montaña, templo y ciudad: porque reciben los atributos del centro y en origen se asimilaban al punto más alto del universo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 120»

«The richness and variety of ascension symbolism may at first look chaotic but, seen together, all such rites and symbols are explained by the sacred value of " height ", that is, of the celestial.»cómo ordena el simbolismo de la ascensión: parece caótico y se explica entero por el valor sagrado de la altura, esto es de lo celeste

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 121»

«The transcending of the human condition by entering a sacred place (a temple or an altar), by some ritual consecration, or by dying, is expressed concretely as a " passage ", a " rising ", an " ascension ".»lo que se expresa siempre como paso, subida y ascensión: la trascendencia de la condición humana por entrar en un lugar sagrado, por una consagración ritual o por morir

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 121»

«Death means transcending the human state and " passing to what is beyond ". In those religions which place the othet world in the sky or in some higher sphere, the souls of the dead trudge up mountain paths, or clamber up a tree, or even up a rope.»abre §32: la muerte es trascender el estado humano, y en las religiones que ponen el otro mundo en el cielo las almas suben por senderos de montaña, por un árbol o por una cuerda

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 121»

«The usual Assyrian expression for dying is " grappling oneself to the mountain ". And in Egyptian, myny, " grasp " or " grapple " is a euphemism for " die ".»los dos datos léxicos que aduce: la expresión asiria para morir es agarrarse a la montaña, y el egipcio myny, asir, es eufemismo de morir

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 121»

«The sun sinks between the mountains and the path of the dead to the other world always goes that way.»la correspondencia que traza: el sol se hunde entre las montañas y el camino de los muertos al otro mundo va siempre por ahí

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 121»

«Yama, the first to die in the mythical tradition of India, went by " the high passes " to show " the way to many men ".»el ejemplo indio: Yama, el primero en morir, fue por los altos pasos a mostrar el camino a muchos hombres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 121»

«The shaman's journey to hell is made by climbing several very high mountains.»el rasgo chamánico que consigna: el viaje del chamán al infierno se hace escalando varias montañas muy altas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 121»

«The Egyptians preserved in their funeral texts the expression asket pet (asket means " step ") which shows that the ladder offered to Ra for him to climb from earth to heaven is a real ladder.»el dato egipcio: los textos funerarios conservan asket pet, donde asket es peldaño, lo que muestra que la escala ofrecida a Ra es una escala real

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 121»

«The ladder is in place for me to see the gods»la cita del Libro de los Muertos que aduce: la escala está puesta para que yo vea a los dioses

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 121»

«gods are making him a ladder so that he can use it to go up to heaven."1 In a great many tombs of the Old and Middle»la segunda cita egipcia y el dato arqueológico: los dioses le hacen una escala para subir al cielo, y en muchas tumbas se han hallado amuletos con una escala. El tramo se corta antes del renglón siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 122»

«The same path by which the souls of the dead go to the other world is also taken by those who, because of some exceptional condition or because they have carried out some efficacious rite, manage to enter heaven even while they are alive.»la extensión del camino: el mismo que toman las almas lo toman quienes, por una condición excepcional o por un rito eficaz, entran en el cielo en vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 122»

«This idea of " ascension " into heaven by means either of a rope, a tree, or a ladder, is fairly widespread in all five continents.»la difusión que consigna: la idea de ascensión al cielo por cuerda, árbol o escala está bastante extendida en los cinco continentes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 122»

«The Dieri tribe of Australia have a myth of a tree growing, by the power of magic, as high as heaven.»el ejemplo dieri: un árbol que crece por magia hasta el cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 122»

«The Maori hero, Tawhaki's wife, who was a fairy from the sky, stayed with him only until their first child was born ; after which she climbed up to the roof and disappeared. Tawhaki went up to heaven by clambering up a vine, and succeeded in getting back to earth afterwards.»el mito maorí de Tawhaki: su mujer, hada del cielo, desaparece por el techo tras el primer hijo, y él sube al cielo trepando por una liana. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 122»

«One fairly widespread myth in Oceania tells how the hero reached the sky by a " chain of arrows " ; that is, by shooting one arrow into the sky, the second into the first, and so on till a chain of arrows stretched from heaven to earth.»el mito oceánico de la cadena de flechas: el héroe alcanza el cielo clavando una flecha en él y las siguientes unas en otras

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 122»

«In almost the same places there exists the myth of ascension by a spider's web.»el mito paralelo que consigna: la ascensión por una tela de araña, presente casi en los mismos sitios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 123»

«For all these myths and beliefs there are corresponding concrete rites of " rising " and " ascension ".»abre §33 con la correspondencia que le importa: a esos mitos y creencias responden ritos concretos de subida y de ascensión

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 123»

«In truth the officiating priest makes himself a ladder and a bridge for reaching the celestial world," states the Taittiriya»cita la Taittiriya Samhita: el sacerdote oficiante se hace a sí mismo escala y puente para alcanzar el mundo celeste

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 123»

«In another passage, the same book shows the celebrant climbing up a staircase ; having got to the top of the stake of sacrifice, he raises his hands and cries : " I have reached heaven, the gods ; I have become immortal !»el rito del poste de sacrificio: el celebrante sube la escalera, alza las manos en lo alto y grita que ha llegado al cielo y se ha vuelto inmortal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 123»

«The ritual climbing up to heaven is a durohal)a, a " difficult climb ".»el nombre técnico del rito: durohana, la subida difícil

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 123»

«Kosingas, priest-king of some of the Thracian peoples (the Kebrenioi and Sykaiboai), threatens to leave his subjects and go to the goddess Hera by climbing a wooden ladder.»el ejemplo tracio: Kosingas amenaza a sus súbditos con dejarlos e ir a la diosa Hera subiendo por una escala de madera

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 123»

«In the mysteries of Mithra the ceremonial ladder (climax) had seven rungs, each made of a different metal.»la escala mitraica: siete peldaños, cada uno de un metal distinto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 123»

«By climbing this ceremonial ladder, the initiate was in fact going through the " seven heavens " and thus attaining the empyrean.»el efecto del rito: subiendo esa escala el iniciado atravesaba los siete cielos y alcanzaba el empíreo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 124»

«Even to-day among the Uralo-Altaic peoples the shamans carry out exactly the same ritual in their journey to heaven, and in their initiation ceremonies.»el paralelo vivo que aduce: los chamanes uralo-altaicos cumplen hoy el mismo ritual en su viaje al cielo y en sus ceremonias de iniciación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 124»

«The sacrifice of a horse, which is the chief religious ceremony of the Turco-Tatar races, takes place once a year and lasts two to three nights.»el sacrificio del caballo entre los turco-tártaros: ceremonia religiosa principal, anual, que dura de dos a tres noches

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 124»

«Above the white heavens, Beyond the white clouds, Above the blue heavens, Beyond the blue clouds, Fly up to heaven, bird !»el canto chamánico que cita, dirigido al ganso de trapo: sobre los cielos blancos y azules, más allá de las nubes, vuela al cielo, pájaro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 124»

«Lightly climbing up the notches of the ceremonial tree, the shaman goes one by one through all the nine heavens, and describes to his audience in great detail all that he sees and all that is happening in each.»la ascensión del chamán por las muescas del árbol ceremonial: atraviesa uno a uno los nueve cielos y describe a su público lo que ve en cada uno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 124»

«Mountains are often looked on as the place where sky and earth meet, a " central point " therefore, the point through which the Axis Mundi goes»la fórmula del centro: la montaña como lugar donde se juntan cielo y tierra y punto central por el que pasa el Axis Mundi; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 118»

«pregnated with the sacred, a spot where one can pass from one cosmic zone to another.»continuación en la plana siguiente: una región impregnada de lo sagrado y un sitio por el que se pasa de una zona cósmica a otra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«The very names of some sacred temples and towers bear witness to this assimilation to the cosmic mountain»el argumento por los nombres de templos y torres, que atestiguan la asimilación al monte cósmico; el tramo se corta antes de los dos puntos que abren la lista

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 119»

«Ascension to heaven by means of a ceremonial climbing of a ladder was probably part of the Orphi»lo que sostiene sobre el rito de la escala: probablemente formaba parte de la iniciación órfica; el tramo se corta antes de la llamada de nota que el troceo pega al cuerpo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 123»

«We certainly find it in Mithraic initiation.»y lo que da por cierto: ese mismo rito se halla en la iniciación mitraica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 123»

«According to Celsus (Origen, Contra Celsum) the first rung was lead, and corresponded to the " heaven " of Saturn, the second tin (Venus), the third bronze (Jupiter), the fourth iron (Mercury), the fifth " the alloy of money " (Mars), the sixth»la serie de metales y planetas de la escala mitraica según Celso, del plomo de Saturno al aliaje de Marte; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 123»

«silver (the moon) and the seventh gold (the sun). The eighth rung, Celsus tells us, represents the sphere of the fixed stars.»continuación en la plana siguiente: plata para la luna, oro para el sol, y el octavo peldaño para la esfera de las estrellas fijas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 124»

«At last, in the ninth, he is prostrate before Bai Ulgen, and offers him the soul of the sacrificed horse.»el clímax del rito chamánico: en el noveno cielo se postra ante Bai Ulgen y le ofrece el alma del caballo sacrificado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 125»

«He finds out whether the sacrifice is accepted by Bai Ulgen and is given predictions about the weather ; the shaman theri falls to the ground and after a moment's silence wakes up as if from a deep sleep.»el desenlace del trance: sabe si el sacrificio fue aceptado, recibe predicciones del tiempo, cae al suelo y despierta como de un sueño profundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 125»

«The notches or steps made in the birch symbolize the spheres of the planets.»la lectura que da de las muescas del abedul: simbolizan las esferas de los planetas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 125»

«As in the Mithraic initiation ritual, and as with the walls of the city of Ecbatana, which are all different colours3 to symbolize the heavens of the planets, the moon is in the sixth heaven and the sun in the seventh.»el paralelo que traza con la iniciación mitraica y con los muros de colores de Ecbatana: la luna en el sexto cielo y el sol en el séptimo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 125»

«The number nine is a substitution for the older number of seven grooves ; for, to the Uralo-Altaics, the " pillar of the world " has seven notches4 and the mythical tree with seven branches symbolizes the celestial regions.»el dato de estratigrafía ritual: el nueve sustituye a un siete más antiguo, porque el pilar del mundo uralo-altaico tiene siete muescas y el árbol mítico siete ramas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 125»

«The ascent of the ceremonial birch tree is equivalent to the ascent of the mythical tree that stands in the middle of the world.»la equivalencia que fija: subir el abedul ceremonial equivale a subir el árbol mítico que está en medio del mundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 125»

«The hole in the top of the tent is identified with the opening opposite the Pole Star through which one may pass from one cosmic level to the other.»la identificación del agujero del techo de la tienda con la abertura frente a la Estrella Polar por la que se pasa de un nivel cósmico a otro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 125»

«Among the Buriats, nine trees are placed next to each other, and the neophyte climbs to the top of the ninth and then goes along the tops of all the others.»el rito de iniciación buriato: nueve árboles juntos, el neófito sube al noveno y recorre las copas de todos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 125»

«A birch is also placed in a tent, and sticks out of the opening at the top ; the neophyte climbs with a sword in his hand till he is outside the tent, thus effecting the journey to the last heaven.»la segunda parte de ese rito: el abedul asoma por la abertura de la tienda y el neófito sube con una espada hasta salir, cumpliendo el viaje al último cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 125»

«The rope is called the " bridge ", and symbolizes the shaman's journey to the home of the gods.»el nombre de la cuerda que une los abedules: el puente, que simboliza el viaje del chamán a la morada de los dioses

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«The mythical journeys into heaven performed by the Turco-Mongolian heroes bear a striking resemblance to the shamanist rites.»el paralelo que consigna: los viajes míticos al cielo de los héroes turco-mongoles se parecen mucho a los ritos chamánicos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«According to Yakut belief, there used once to be shamans who actually rose into the sky ; spectators could see them gliding across the clouds with the sacrificed horse.»la creencia yakuta que recoge: hubo chamanes que subían de veras al cielo y los espectadores los veían deslizarse por las nubes con el caballo sacrificado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«The Ostyak shaman sang that he rose into the skies on a rope and pushed aside any stars that barred his way.»el canto ostiaco: el chamán subía a los cielos por una cuerda y apartaba las estrellas que le cerraban el paso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«In the Uighur poem Kudatku Bilik, a hero dreamed that he was climbing a fifty-runged ladder, at the top of which a woman gave him water to drink ; thus revived, he was able to get to heaven.»el poema uigur Kudatku Bilik: el héroe sueña que sube una escala de cincuenta peldaños y una mujer le da de beber en lo alto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«Indeed Jacob dreamt of a ladder reaching to heaven, and " the angels also of God ascending and descending by it.»abre §34 con el sueño de Jacob: una escala que llega al cielo y los ángeles subiendo y bajando por ella

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«The stone on which Jacob lay sleeping was a bethel and was placed " in the middle of the world ", for it is there that the union of all the cosmic regions takes place»la lectura de la piedra de Jacob: era un betel puesto en medio del mundo, porque ahí se unen todas las regiones cósmicas. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«In Islamic tradition, Mahomet saw a ladder rising from the temple of Jerusalem (the " centre " par excellence) into heaven, with angels on the right and on the left ; the souls of the just went up this ladder to God.»el caso islámico: Mahoma vio una escala que subía del templo de Jerusalén, el centro por excelencia, con ángeles a un lado y a otro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«Dante, too, in the heaven of Saturn, saw a golden ladder rising dizzily to the furthest sphere of heaven for the souls of the blessed to ascend.»el caso de Dante: en el cielo de Saturno ve una escala de oro que sube vertiginosamente hasta la última esfera

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«The symbolism of steps, ladders and ascents has been preserved in Christian mysticism.»la continuidad que traza: el simbolismo de los peldaños, las escalas y las ascensiones se conservó en la mística cristiana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«All mystical visions and ecstasies include a rising of some sort to heaven. We gather from Porphyry that Plotinus had this sort of heavenly ecstasy four times during the period when they lived together.»la generalización y su ejemplo: toda visión y todo éxtasis místico incluyen una subida al cielo, y Porfirio cuenta que Plotino tuvo cuatro éxtasis de ese orden mientras convivieron

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«St. Paul too was " caught up even to the third heaven ".»el caso paulino que cita: fue arrebatado hasta el tercer cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«The doctrine of the ascension of souls to the seven heavens-whether during initiation or after deathhad tremendous vogue during the last centuries of the pre»la doctrina de la ascensión del alma por los siete cielos, en la iniciación o tras la muerte, que tuvo enorme boga en los últimos siglos antes de la era cristiana. El tramo se corta en el guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«That it came from the East is certain ; 3 but Orphism had as much to do with its spread in the GraecoRoman world as Pythagorism.»lo que sostiene sobre su origen: viene con certeza de Oriente, pero el orfismo y el pitagorismo hicieron tanto como él por difundirla en el mundo grecorromano. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *GraecoRoman* por *Graeco-Roman*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«But it is important to glance at them here because their final justification is to be found in the sacred character of the sky and upper regions.»por qué las mira aquí: porque su justificación última está en el carácter sagrado del cielo y de las regiones altas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«In whatever religious context you find them, whatever sort of value is placed upon them-shamanist rite or initiation rite, mystical ecstasy or oniric vision, eschatological myth or heroic legend-ascents, the climbing of mountains or stairs, flights into the air, and so on, all these things always signify a transcending of the human and a penetration into higher cosmic levels.»la fórmula del apartado: sea cual sea el marco, ascensiones, subidas de montañas o escalas y vuelos significan siempre trascender lo humano y penetrar en niveles cósmicos superiores. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«Levitation in itself means a consecration or divinization. The ascetics of Rudra " walk on the way of the wind, for the gods have entered into them ".»lee la levitación como consagración o divinización, con el verso védico de los ascetas de Rudra que andan por el camino del viento porque los dioses han entrado en ellos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«Exponents of yoga and Indian alchemists fly in the air, and cover vast distances in a few moments.»el ejemplo indio que nombra con los dos términos: los del yoga y los alquimistas indios vuelan por el aire y cubren distancias enormes en unos instantes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«To be able to fly, to have wings, becomes a symbolic formula for transcending human status ; the ability to rise into the air indicates access to the ultimate realities.»la fórmula simbólica que extrae: poder volar y tener alas es fórmula de trascender la condición humana, y subir al aire indica acceso a las realidades últimas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«Obviously there is still a radical distinction, even in the phenomenology of ascents, between religious experience and the technique of the magician ; a saint is " rapt " to heaven ; Yogis, ascetics, magicians, " fly " by their own efforts.»la distinción que mantiene: en la fenomenología de las ascensiones, al santo lo arrebatan y los yoguis, ascetas y magos vuelan por su propio esfuerzo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«But in either case, it is their ascent that sets them apart from the mass of ordinary and uninitiated souls : they can enter the heavens which are impregnated with holiness, and become like gods. Their contact with the starry spaces makes them divine.»y lo común a los dos casos: la ascensión los aparta de las almas no iniciadas, les abre cielos impregnados de santidad y los vuelve semejantes a dioses

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 127»

«The sky, of its very nature, as a starry vault and atmospheric region has a wealth of mythological and religious significance.»primera conclusión del capítulo: el cielo, por su naturaleza misma de bóveda estrellada y región atmosférica, tiene una riqueza de sentido mitológico y religioso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 128»

«Height ", " being on high ", infinite spaceall these are hierophanies of what is transcendent, what is supremely sacred.»la fórmula que repite: la altura, el estar en lo alto y el espacio infinito son hierofanías de lo trascendente y supremamente sagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 128»

«But these Supreme Beings cannot be explained simply as sky hierophanies. They are more than that ; they have a " form " which indicates that they have a proper and exclusive mode of being which cannot, therefore, be explained simply in terms of events in the sky, or human experience.»segunda conclusión, que es un reparo: los Seres Supremos no se explican como simples hierofanías del cielo, porque tienen una forma con modo de ser propio

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 128»

«these divine figures tend to disappear from the cult.»tercera conclusión, la que llama extremadamente significativa: esas figuras divinas tienden a desaparecer del culto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 128»

«It is noteworthy that such substituion almost invariably means a more concrete, more dynamic, more fertile divinity or religious force (such as the sun, the Great Mother, the male god, etc.). The conqueror always represents fecundity, or dispenses it ; in other words, ultimately represents or gives life.»el sentido que le da a la sustitución: el vencedor representa o dispensa siempre la fecundidad, esto es la vida; el troceo imprime *substituion*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 128»

«Even fear of the dead and of demons is simply fear that life may be threatened by those hostile powers which must therefore be exorcized and neutralized.»el paréntesis que añade: hasta el miedo a los muertos y a los demonios es miedo a que la vida quede amenazada por potencias hostiles

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 128»

«Sometimes-as a result, no doubt, of the appearance of agriculture and religious forms connected with it-the sky god regains the field as a god of weather and storms.»cuarta conclusión: a veces, por la aparición de la agricultura y sus formas religiosas, el dios del cielo recupera el terreno como dios del tiempo y de las tormentas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 129»

«But such " specialization ", though giving him a great many attributes, limits his omnipotence. The storm god is dynamic and " strong ", he is the bull, he is the fecundator, the myths about him grow richer, and his cults become startling-but he is no longer the creator of the universe or of man, he is no longer omniscient ; sometimes he is merely the spouse of the Great Goddess.»el precio de esa recuperación: gana atributos y pierde omnipotencia, deja de ser creador y omnisciente y a veces queda en consorte de la Gran Diosa. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 129»

«It was against this storm god, the great male, orgiastic, rich in dramatic epiphanies, whose cults were lavish and bloody (with sacrifices and orgies) that the Semitic world produced its religious revolution, in form monotheistic, prophetic and messianic.»sitúa la revolución religiosa semítica contra ese dios de la tormenta, viril y orgiástico, con cultos fastuosos y sangrientos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 129»

«It was in this struggle between Ba'al and Yahweh or Allah that " heavenly " values were brought anew into the field of man's life, as against " earthly " (money, fecundity, power) ; criteria of quality (the interiorization of faith, prayer, and love) as against those of quantity (the physical act of sacrificing, the all-importance of ritual gestures, etc.).»cómo lee esa lucha: entre Baal y Yahvé o Alá se pusieron los valores celestes frente a los terrenos, y los de calidad frente a los de cantidad. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 129»

«But because " history " made it inevitable that these epiphanies of the elementary forces of life should be outgrown, that does not mean necessarily that they were without religious value.»el reparo con que la matiza: que la historia hiciera inevitable superar esas epifanías de las fuerzas elementales de la vida no significa que carecieran de valor religioso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 129»

«As I shall show, these primitive epiphanies were originally so many ways of sanctifying physical life ; they became dead things only as they lost their original function by ceasing to be sacred and becoming simply vital, economic and social " phenomena ".»lo que sostiene de ellas: fueron modos de santificar la vida física y se volvieron cosas muertas al perder su función sagrada y quedar como fenómenos vitales, económicos y sociales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 129»

«In many cases the sun god replaced the sky god. The sun then became the giver of fecundity on earth and protector of life»quinta conclusión: en muchos casos el dios solar reemplazó al del cielo y se volvió dador de fecundidad y protector de la vida. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 129»

«Occasionally the ubiquity, the wisdom and the passivity of the sky god were seen afresh in a metaphysical sense, and the god became the epiphany of the order of nature and the moral law (as with the Maori Iho) ; the divine " person " gave place to the " idea " ; religious experience (already meagre in the case of almost all the sky gods) gave place to theoretic understanding, or philosophy.»sexta conclusión: a veces la ubicuidad, la sabiduría y la pasividad del dios del cielo se releen en sentido metafísico y la persona divina cede ante la idea. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 129»

«What is " on high ", " raised up ", is still a revelation of the transcendent in any religious setting.»la fórmula que repite al cerrar: lo que está en lo alto y lo elevado sigue siendo revelación de lo trascendente en cualquier marco religioso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 130»

«Divine " forms " may change ; indeed the very fact that they are revealed as " forms " to man's mind, means that they have a history and follow a definite course ; but the sacred meaning of the sky remains a living idea everywhere and in all circumstances.»el contraste que traza: las formas divinas cambian y tienen historia, pero el sentido sagrado del cielo sigue vivo en todas partes y en toda circunstancia. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 130»

«And this sky symbolism was the foundation of a number of rites (of ascension, of climbing upwards, of initiation, of coronation, etc.), myths (the Cosmic Tree, the Cosmic Mountain, the chain of arrows and so on) and legends like the magic flight.»lo que ese simbolismo fundó: ritos de ascensión, de subida, de iniciación y de coronación, y mitos como el Árbol Cósmico, la Montaña Cósmica y la cadena de flechas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 130»

«The symbolism of the " centre ", which plays such an important part in all the great religions of history, is made up of sky elements (sometimes quite clearly so, sometimes less clearly)the Centre and Axis of the World, the point of communication between the three cosmic regions ; it is only at a " centre " that a break-through can occur, a passing from one cosmic zone to another.»el simbolismo del centro como hecho de elementos celestes: Centro y Eje del Mundo, punto de comunicación de las tres regiones y único sitio donde cabe la ruptura de nivel. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 130»

«To sum up very briefly, one may say that " history " has effectively pushed into the background the divine " forms " of a celestial nature (as with Supreme Beings) or corrupted them (as storm gods or fecundators), but that " history "which is simply man's ever-fresh experimentation and interpretation of the sacred-has not been able to do away with the direct and abiding revelation that the sky is something sacred ; it is a revelation neither personal, nor temporal, and it is quite outside history.»el resumen final del capítulo: la historia arrinconó o corrompió las formas divinas celestes, pero no pudo abolir la revelación directa y permanente de que el cielo es algo sagrado. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 130»

«The symbolism of the sky has held its position in every religious framework, simply because its mode of being is outside time : in fact, this symbolism gives meaning and support to all religious " forms ", and yet never loses anything itself by so doing»la razón que da: el simbolismo del cielo se mantiene en todo marco religioso porque su modo de ser está fuera del tiempo, y da sentido y apoyo a todas las formas religiosas sin perder nada

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 130»

«Saint John of the Cross pictures the steps of mystical perfection as an ascent of Mount Carmel»el ejemplo de san Juan de la Cruz: figura los grados de la perfección mística como subida al monte Carmelo; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 126»

«For these Supreme Beings are creators, good, eternal (" old "); they are founders of the established order and guardians of the laws»los atributos de los Seres Supremos que no se explican del todo por el cielo: creadores, buenos, eternos, fundadores del orden establecido y guardianes de las leyes; el tramo se corta en el guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 128»

«A few sky gods preserved their position in people's religious life, or even strengthened it, by being seen as sovereign gods as well.»séptima conclusión: unos pocos dioses del cielo conservaron o aun reforzaron su lugar en la vida religiosa al ser vistos también como dioses soberanos; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 129»

«their supremacy in the pantheon (Jupiter, Zeus, T'ien) and those who were the subject of monotheist revolutions (Yahweh, Ahura Mazda).»continuación en la plana siguiente: son los que mejor mantuvieron su supremacía en el panteón, Júpiter, Zeus y T'ien, y los que fueron objeto de revoluciones monoteístas, Yahvé y Ahura Mazda

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 130»

«IT was once thought, when the study of the history of religion was in its brave infancy, that sun-worship was common to all mankind.»abre el capítulo III, §36, con la creencia que enmienda: en la infancia de la disciplina se tuvo el culto solar por común a toda la humanidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 143»

«However, in 1870, Bastian, who was an ethnologist of some importance, realized that sun-worship is in fact to be found in very few parts of the world.»el dato que la niega, atribuido a Bastian: el culto solar se encuentra en muy pocas partes del mundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 143»

«And a half-century later, Sir James Frazer, reviewing the problem in connection with his painstaking researches into the worship of nature, noted 1 the lack of any coherence among the various solar elements to be found in Africa, Australia, Melanesia, Polynesia and Micronesia.»recoge de Frazer la falta de coherencia entre los elementos solares de África, Australia, Melanesia, Polinesia y Micronesia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 143»

«The same lack of coherence is almost universal in the Americas. It is really only in Egypt, Asia and in primitive Europe that what we call sunworship ever attained sufficient popularity to become at any time, as in Egypt for instance, really dominant.»extiende esa incoherencia a las Américas y acota dónde el culto solar llegó a dominar: Egipto, Asia y la Europa primitiva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 143»

«If you consider that, on the other side of the Atlantic, the solar religion was developed only in Peru and Mexico, only, that is, among the two " civilized " peoples of America, the only two who attained any level of real political organization»el dato americano que le importa: la religión solar solo se desarrolló en Perú y México, los dos pueblos civilizados con organización política real. El tramo se corta antes de la coma que abre la cláusula siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 143»

«It could be said that where " history is on the march ", thanks to kings, heroes, or empires, the sun is supreme.»la fórmula con que la enuncia, en condicional: donde la historia se pone en marcha por reyes, héroes o imperios, el sol es supremo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 143»

«then you cannot help discerning a certain connection between the predominance of sun religions»la correlación que propone: entre el predominio de las religiones solares y lo que llama destinos históricos; el tramo se corta antes del guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 143»

«But we must first forestall an error of perspective which might easily become an error of method. On the one hand, we must bear in mind that solar divine figures (gods, heroes and so on) do not exhaust the hierophanies of the sun any more than any other figures exhaust the hierophanies of which they are a part.»el reparo de método con que abre: las figuras divinas solares no agotan las hierofanías del sol, como ninguna figura agota las hierofanías de que forma parte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 144»

«we must realize that unlike other nature hierophanies, such as the moon or water, the sacred meaning expressed in the sun is not always clear to the modern Western mind.»el segundo reparo: a diferencia de la luna o el agua, el sentido sagrado expresado en el sol no siempre resulta claro a la mente occidental moderna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 144»

«Or, more precisely, what is clear, and therefore easily grasped, in any sun hierophany is most often only what remains after a long process of rationalization has worn it away and it is brought to us, without our realizing it, by way of language, custom and culture.»precisa por qué: lo que hoy se capta con facilidad de una hierofanía solar suele ser lo que queda tras un largo desgaste de racionalización, llegado por la lengua, la costumbre y la cultura

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 144»

«The sun has now become simply one of the commonplaces of what is in a vague sense religious experience, solar symbolism being reduced to little more than a series of gestures and phrases of no very vital significance.»el diagnóstico que da del presente: el sol se ha vuelto un lugar común de lo vagamente religioso y su simbolismo se reduce a gestos y frases sin gran peso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 144»

«It is not part of my scheme to try to explain the alterations that have affected the actual make-up of the sun hierophany in the experience of modern man.»la abstención que declara: no entra en su plan explicar las alteraciones que afectaron la hierofanía solar en la experiencia del hombre moderno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 144»

«One point will illustrate this : the orientation of intellectual activity from Aristotle onwards has done much to blunt our receptiveness towards the totality of sun hierophanies.»el punto que sí señala: la orientación de la actividad intelectual desde Aristóteles habría embotado la receptividad ante la totalidad de las hierofanías solares

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 144»

«What has happened in the case of the moon proves that this new intellectual orientation does not necessarily make the experience of the hierophany in itself impossible.»el contraejemplo con que lo acota: lo ocurrido con la luna señal de que esa orientación no vuelve imposible la experiencia de la hierofanía

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 144»

«On the contrary, we can see as clearly as primitives how the symbols, myths and rites connected with the moon fit together.»y el dato positivo: el moderno ve con la misma claridad que el primitivo cómo encajan los símbolos, mitos y ritos de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 144»

«Perhaps the fact that the mentalities of the " primitive " and the " modern " respond so similarly to the sort of sacredness expressed by the moon can be explained by the survival even in the most totally rationalist outlook of what has been called " the nocturnal domain of the mind ".»la hipótesis que propone con cautela: la respuesta común de primitivo y moderno a lo sagrado lunar se explicaría por la pervivencia de lo que se ha llamado el dominio nocturno del espíritu. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 144»

«The moon would he appealing to a layer of man's consciousness that the most corrosive rationalism cannot touch.»la fórmula con que lo cierra: la luna apelaría a una capa de la consciencia que el racionalismo más corrosivo no alcanza; el troceo imprime *he* por *be*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 145»

«It is true that the " diurnal domain of the mind " is dominated by solar symbolism ; that is, largely by a symbolism which, though perhaps not always artificially constructed, is often the result of a chain of reasoning.»el contraste que traza: el dominio diurno del espíritu está dominado por el simbolismo solar, a menudo resultado de una cadena de razonamientos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 145»

«This does not mean that every rational element whatever in the hierophanies of the sun must automatically be a later and artificial development.»el reparo inmediato: no todo elemento racional de las hierofanías del sol es por fuerza un desarrollo tardío y artificial

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 145»

«As we saw earlier, reason is present in the most primitive hierophanies, and religious experience is not a priori incompatible with the intelligible.»lo que ya había sostenido y repite: la razón está presente en las hierofanías más primitivas y la experiencia religiosa no es incompatible a priori con lo inteligible

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 145»

«But this intelligibility could never be reduced to a series of clear " rational truths " or to any experience not including hierophanies.»el límite que pone a esa inteligibilidad: no se deja reducir a una serie de verdades racionales claras ni a una experiencia sin hierofanías

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 145»

«the connection between the sun and darkness or the dead, or the peculiarly Indian binomial, " sun-serpent ", however much they may be based on a total grasp of life and reality, will never be clear in any perspective that is purely rational.»el ejemplo con que lo cierra: la conexión del sol con la oscuridad o con los muertos, y el binomio indio sol-serpiente, no serán nunca claros en perspectiva puramente racional

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 145»

«Indeed, the passivity we noted in the Supreme Beings is, in the last analysis, simply their apparent indifference to the ever more complicated vicissitudes of human life.»abre §37 explicando la pasividad de los Seres Supremos: es en último análisis su aparente indiferencia ante las vicisitudes cada vez más complicadas de la vida humana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 145»

«This passage from " creator " to " fecundator ", this slipping of the omnipotence, transcendence and impa'isiveness of the sky into the dynamism, intensity and drama of the new atmospheric, fertilizing, vegetation figures, is not without significance.»el paso que le importa: de creador a fecundador, de la omnipotencia y la impasibilidad del cielo al dinamismo y el dramatismo de las figuras atmosféricas y vegetales. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 146»

«It makes quite clear that one of the main factors in the lowering of people's conceptions of God, most obvious in agricultural societies, is the more and more all-embracing importance of vital values and of " Life " in the outlook of economic man.»lo que ese paso hace patente: uno de los factores principales del rebajamiento de las concepciones de Dios en las sociedades agrícolas es el peso creciente de los valores vitales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 146»

«it is interesting to realize that the supreme gods of Mesopotamia often combined the prerogatives of fertility with those of the sun.»el dato mesopotámico: los dioses supremos combinaban a menudo las prerrogativas de la fertilidad con las del sol, y Marduk es el ejemplo más conocido

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 146»

«This conjunction of sun and vegetation elements is clearly to be explained by the Sovereign's having the added role of storing and dispensing " Life ", both on the cosmic and on the social level.»la explicación que da de esa conjunción: el Soberano asume el papel de almacenar y dispensar la Vida en el plano cósmico y en el social

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 146»

«Even the oldest phases of primitive cultures display both a beginning of the transfer of the sky god's attributes to the sun god and an amalgamation of the Supreme Being with the sun god.»lo que sostiene contra lo esperable: ya en las fases más antiguas de las culturas primitivas hay traspaso de atributos del dios del cielo al del sol y amalgama de los dos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 147»

«The rainbow, looked on in so many places (§ 14) as a sky epiphany, is associated with the sun and becomes, for instance among the Fuegians, the " sun's brother ".»el ejemplo fueguino: el arco iris, epifanía celeste en tantos sitios, queda asociado al sol y se vuelve su hermano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 147»

«Among the Semang Pygmies, the Fuegians and the Bushmen, the sun is the " eye " of the Supreme God.»la fórmula que recoge de tres pueblos: el sol es el ojo del Ser Supremo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 147»

«Among the Wiradjuri and Kamilaroi of South-West Australia, the sun is looked on as Grogoragally in person, son of the Creator, a divine figure well-disposed towards mankind ;4 but under the influence, no doubt, of matriarchy, the moon is the second son of the Supreme Being.»el caso australiano: el sol es Grogoragally, hijo del Creador, y la luna, por influjo del matriarcado, el segundo hijo del Ser Supremo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 147»

«The Samoyeds see the sun and moon as the eyes of Num (that is, the sky) : the sun is the good eye, the moon the evil eye.»el caso samoyedo: sol y luna son los ojos de Num, el bueno y el malo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 147»

«The Yuraks of the tundra round Obdursk celebrate a great winter feast at the first appearance of the sun, but they offer sacrifice to Num at it, which shows that the solemnity was origimi:Ily connected with the sky.»el caso yurak de la tundra: la gran fiesta de invierno se celebra al primer sol pero el sacrificio va a Num, lo que muestra que la solemnidad era celeste en origen

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 147»

«The Yuraks of the forests consider the sun, the moon, and " the thunderbolt bird " as symbols of Num ; the tree on which they hang the heads of animals as an offering is called " tree of the sun ", though originally this sacrifice was in honour of Num.»el caso yurak del bosque: sol, luna y el pájaro del rayo son símbolos de Num, y el árbol de las ofrendas se llama árbol del sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 147»

«According to Gahs, the introduction of sun worship into the whole of northern Asia was the work of these same Chukchi and of the Yukagirs.»la tesis de Gahs que recoge: la introducción del culto solar en toda Asia septentrional habría sido obra de chukchos y yukaguires

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 148»

«The turning of the Supreme Being of the sky into a sun god 1 is a phenomenon fairly common in Africa.»abre §38: la conversión del Ser Supremo del cielo en dios solar es fenómeno bastante común en África

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 148»

«Sometimes, as with the Munsh, the sun is taken for the son of the Supreme Being Awondo, and the moon for his daughter.»el caso munshi: el sol es hijo del Ser Supremo Awondo y la luna su hija

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 148»

«The Barotse, however, make the sun the " dwelling " of the god of the sky, Niambe, and the moon his wife.»el caso barotse: el sol es la morada del dios del cielo Niambe y la luna su esposa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 148»

«The Kaffa still call their Supreme Being Abo which means both " Father " and " Sun ", and see him embodied in the sun.»el caso kafa: llaman Abo al Ser Supremo, palabra que significa a la vez Padre y Sol, y lo ven encarnado en el sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 148»

«But according to one of the latest authorities on this tribe, F. H. Bieber, 7 this " solarization " is simply a later development, and Abo was, to start with, a god of light or of the sky.»y la reserva que recoge de Bieber: esa solarización sería un desarrollo tardío, y Abo habría sido en origen dios de la luz o del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 148»

«It is interesting to note that the fact that he has become a sun god still does not keep for the African Supreme God any active importance in religious life.»lo que le interesa del caso africano: volverse dios solar no le devuelve al Ser Supremo importancia activa en la vida religiosa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 148»

«You will find the same substitution in Indonesia. Puempalaburu, the sun god of the Toradja, gradually replaces l'lai, the sky god, and carries on his work of creating the universe.»el caso indonesio: el dios solar de los toradja reemplaza poco a poco al dios del cielo y continúa su obra de creación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 149»

«The sun god, then, advances to the position of demiurge, just as in America, among the Tlingit, for instance, we see the demiurge, in the form of a crow, becoming identified with the sun, and receiving from the Supreme God of the sky whose servant or whose son he is, the mission to continue and complete the work of creation begun by him.»la posición que ocupa el dios solar: la de demiurgo, como el cuervo tlingit que recibe del dios celeste la misión de completar la creación. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 149»

«But the sun god is no more creative than they are ; like them he is subordinate to the creator, and holds the latter's mandate to complete the work of creation.»el límite que le pone: el dios solar no es más creador que los atmosféricos, está subordinado al creador y tiene su mandato para completar la obra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 149»

«However, the solar demiurge has secured what the majority of the sun gods who have been substituted for or amalgamated with the Supreme Being have not attained : a living importance in religious life and in myth.»lo que sí ha ganado el demiurgo solar frente a los otros sustitutos: importancia viva en la vida religiosa y en el mito

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 149»

«The best example of the Supreme Being turning into a s1m god comes from the Kolarian tribes of India.»abre §39 nombrando su mejor ejemplo: las tribus kolarias de la India

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 149»

«The Mundas of Bengal put the sun, Sing-Bonga, first in their pantheon. He is a gentle god and does not interfere in men's affairs, yet he is not totally absent from the cult.»el caso munda: Sing-Bonga, el sol, encabeza el panteón, es dios apacible que no interviene en los asuntos humanos y sin embargo no falta del culto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 149»

«He is married to the moon, and seen as the author of creation, although his creation myth brings in as subordinate demiurges, the tortoise, the crab and the leech, who are each in turn ordered by SingBonga to bring soil from the ocean bed.»el mito de creación munda: Sing-Bonga casado con la luna, con la tortuga, el cangrejo y la sanguijuela por demiurgos subordinados que traen tierra del fondo del océano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 149»

«The Khond tribes of the province of Orissa adore as their supreme creator-god Bura Pennu (" god of light ") or Bela Pennu (" god of the sun ") ; the process of solarization is greatly assisted by the benevolent and in many ways passive nature of this divinity : Bela Pennu does not figure in the cult.»el caso khond: Bura Pennu, dios de la luz, o Bela Pennu, dios del sol, cuya solarización favorece su naturaleza benévola y pasiva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 150»

«As one might guess, the Supreme Being who becomes connected with the sun owes his living place in the cult to the part he plays in the mechanics of " vital production ".»la regla que extrae: el Ser Supremo ligado al sol debe su lugar vivo en el culto al papel que juega en la mecánica de la producción vital

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 150»

«0 Sing-Bonga, I am making this libation of water to thee. May milk flow from the mother's breast like this water !»la libación que cita, dicha por el padre al nacer un hijo: que la leche fluya del pecho materno como fluye esta agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 150»

«That the sacrifice takes place on the day of the full moon in the month of Baishak (April-May), leaves us in no doubt as to its meaning : the black hen is offered to the divinity of earth and fields who has supreme jurisdiction over the fertility of the soil.»la lectura del rito de la cosecha: la gallina negra va a la divinidad de la tierra y de los campos, que tiene jurisdicción suprema sobre la fertilidad del suelo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 150»

«This is a typical example of what happens to the Supreme Being when he has become linked with the sun : the sun is made Supreme Being in place of the omnipotent, creating figure of the sky ; the presence of the sun god in the cult is due chiefly to his fecundating powers ; yet, even then, he is not looked on as infallibly efficacious, for the faithful are prudent enough to draw as well upon the forces of moon, earth and fields which have control over all fecundity.»el resumen que da del caso: el sol ocupa el lugar del Ser Supremo, entra al culto por sus poderes fecundantes, y los fieles recurren además a la luna, la tierra y los campos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 150»

«The sun is also the Supreme Being of another Munda tribe, the Oraon, who call him Dharmesh.»el caso oraón: el sol es su Ser Supremo y lo llaman Dharmesh

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 150»

«Recent research has brought to light the existence of a genuine Supreme Being native to the Munda tribes, and also shows the relatively late date at which he was ousted by the sun and moon divinities.»el hallazgo reciente que recoge: hay un Ser Supremo genuino y propio de las tribus munda, desplazado en fecha relativamente tardía por las divinidades del sol y la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 151»

«According to Bodding, the amalgamation of the Santali Supreme God, Thakkur, with the sun (this supreme being is also called Chanda, " sun ") was an equally late development.»el caso santal según Bodding: la amalgama del Ser Supremo Thakkur con el sol fue igualmente tardía

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 151»

«Such influence, unlikely as it may seem, cannot be a priori excluded. It has been often thought that certain aspects of Indian religious life-earth and burial rites, serpent-worship, symbols of the genital organs and so on-might be explained by the influence of aboriginal, non-Aryan inhabitants. And in the same way it has been thought possible for primitives to have a similar influence on the civilized. However, in recent times, a number of ethnologists deny that the most primitive tribes native to India, particularly the Munda, have ever had orgiastic cults, or that the Indo-Europeans could in any sense have derived them from them.»nota al pie donde sopesa esa influencia: no se la puede excluir a priori, pero varios etnólogos niegan que las tribus más primitivas de la India tuvieran cultos orgiásticos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 151»

«In Indonesia and the peninsula of Malacca, sun-worship is very sporadic.»abre §40: en Indonesia y en la península de Malaca el culto solar es muy esporádico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 151»

«On Timor, the " Lord Sun ", Usi-Neno, is husband of " Lady Earth ", Usi-Mu, and the whole world is the result of their union.»el caso de Timor: el Señor Sol es esposo de la Señora Tierra y el mundo entero es fruto de su unión

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 151»

«Nonetheless, the earth goddess still receives the greater part of their sacrifices ; the sun receives only one great yearly sacrifice, at the time of the harvest.»el reparto de los sacrificios en Timor: la diosa de la tierra recibe la mayor parte y el sol solo un gran sacrificio anual en la cosecha

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 151»

«What is later and quite artificial is the exclusive primacy of reason. For religious life, which we may summarily define as the experience of kratophanies, hierophanies and theophanies, affects the whole of man's life, and it would be quite unreal to try to divide the mind into separate compart»fija dónde está lo artificial: en la primacía exclusiva de la razón, porque la vida religiosa afecta al hombre entero y sería irreal dividir el espíritu en compartimentos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 145»

«When, therefore, sky divinities gradually turn into sun divinities»la equivalencia que traza: el paso de las divinidades celestes a solares es el mismo proceso que en otras situaciones las vuelve dioses de la atmósfera y de la fecundación; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 146»

«it is the same sort of process which results, in other situations, in their transformation into gods of atmosphere and fecundation.»continuación en la plana siguiente de esa misma frase, sobre el proceso que las transforma en dioses de atmósfera y fecundación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 146»

«With the Chukchi, the sun has taken the place of the supreme divinity»el caso chukcho: el sol ha ocupado el lugar de la divinidad suprema; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 147»

«as such, rather than as a sky god. But as we have not yet come to divine "forms", I would rather stress here the process of solarizing sky figures. This, of course, does not in any way imply that such figures alone represent the earliest personal divine forms known to history, nor that it does not sometimes happen that the Supreme Being becomes a sun god direct, without becoming en route a Supreme Being of the sky.»continuación de esa nota al otro lado de la marca: prefiere subrayar la solarización de figuras celestes sin implicar que sean las formas divinas personales más antiguas ni que el Ser Supremo no pueda volverse solar sin pasar por celeste. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 148»

«come back to Dharmesh : " Now we have tried everything, but we have still you to help us !»continuación en la plana siguiente: vuelven a Dharmesh diciendo que ya lo han probado todo y solo les queda él para ayudarlos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 151»

«And Koppers, in a notable comparative study (" Bhagwan, the Supreme Deity of the Bhils "), sets out to prove not only the authenticity of the Supreme Beings found among pre-Dravidian and pre-Aryan tribes»el estudio de Koppers sobre Bhagwan entre los bhil: busca probar la autenticidad de los Seres Supremos de las tribus predravídicas y prearias

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 151»

«the major sacrifices are offered to good spirits, notably to the»continuación en la plana siguiente del caso chukcho: los sacrificios mayores van a los espíritus buenos; el tramo se corta antes del bloque de notas al pie que el troceo intercala, y la frase termina con la luz del sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 147»

«Solarization " often acts directly upon the structure of the Supreme Being»nota al pie donde acota su propia exposición: la solarización actúa a menudo sobre la estructura del Ser Supremo como tal; el tramo se corta donde el troceo reemite la marca de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 148»

«However-as with the sky gods-when the help of all»el uso que consigna entre los oraón: agotadas las demás fuerzas mágico-religiosas vuelven a Dharmesh; el tramo se corta antes del bloque de notas al pie que el troceo intercala

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 150»

«Being, solarized though he be, still retains traces of an original celestial nature ; he is called the " great lord ", or the " old man on high " (cf. § 12 ff.). He dwells in the vault of heaven, but also in the sun, and embodies the principle of masculinity, while the earth is feminine.»el caso de Wetter: el Ser Supremo solarizado conserva trazas de su naturaleza celeste, mora en la bóveda y en el sol y encarna el principio masculino frente a la tierra femenina

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«East of Timor, in the Leti, Sarmata, Baber and Timor Laut archipelagoes, the sun is looked upon as the most important divinity and bears the name Upulero, the " Lord Sun ".»el caso de los archipiélagos al este de Timor: el sol es la divinidad más importante y lleva el nombre de Upulero, Señor Sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«Here again, it is simply because the sun god has become a fecundator that he has remained a living force.»la regla que repite: el dios solar sigue siendo fuerza viva solo porque se ha vuelto fecundador

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«Indeed, his cult still indicates some features of his original loftiness and purity : Upulero has no images and is adored under the form of a lamp made with cocoa leaves.»el rasgo de altura que le queda: Upulero no tiene imágenes y se le adora bajo la forma de una lámpara hecha con hojas de coco

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«Yet the entire ritual centres on an entreaty for fecundity in the universe.»y el reparo: el ritual entero gira sobre la súplica de fecundidad para el universo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«Once a year, at the beginning of the rainy season, there is a great feast in honour of Upulero : it lasts an entire month, and its object is to ensure rain, the fertility of the fields and the wealth of the community.»la fiesta anual de Upulero: dura un mes al empezar las lluvias y busca asegurar la lluvia, la fertilidad de los campos y la riqueza de la comunidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«These tribes believe that at that moment the sun comes down into a fig tree to make his wife, the Earth Mother, fruitful.»el mito que la sostiene: el sol baja entonces a una higuera para fecundar a su esposa, la Madre Tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«To make his corning easier a ladder of seven or ten rungs is erected on the fig tree»el rito que acompaña el mito: se levanta en la higuera una escala de siete o diez peldaños, que remite al simbolismo celeste ya tratado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«Then before this same fig tree, sacrifices of pigs and dogs are offered, and finally there breaks out, amidst singing and dancing, a collective orgy such as always goes with the mystique of agriculture»los sacrificios y la orgía colectiva ante la higuera, que dice acompañar siempre a la mística de la agricultura

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«0 Lord or Grandfather Sun, come down ! The fig-tree has put forth shoots ; the former shoots have turned to leaves and have fallen off.»la plegaria que cita: Señor o Abuelo Sol, baja, la higuera ha echado brotes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«Lord or Grandfather Sun, thou art invited to the feast. Cut and eat . . . 0 drink indeed ! . . . 0 come indeed, Lord or Grandfather Sun ! We expect that thou wilt give into our hands much ivory, much gold.»sigue la plegaria: se le invita al festín y se le pide marfil y oro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 152»

«Let the number of the nobles increase, let the number of the people increase or multiply. Replace the dead goats and pigs by living ones. Replace the rice and betel that are used up.»cierre de esa plegaria: que se multipliquen nobles y pueblo, que los cabritos y cerdos muertos sean reemplazados por vivos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 153»

«Upulero can also produce children.»abre §41 con el poder generativo del Señor Sol: puede producir hijos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 153»

«On Timor, moreover, certain chiefs are called " children of the sun "3 and claim to be directly descended from the sun god.»el caso de Timor: ciertos jefes se llaman hijos del sol y dicen descender directamente del dios solar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 153»

«We should keep in mind this myth of the sun's creating man, and of the direct relationships between the sun god and certain classes of men.»lo que pide retener: el mito del sol creador del hombre y las relaciones directas entre el dios solar y ciertas clases de hombres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 153»

«But in the case of the sun, this genealogy indicates something more : it expresses the changes that follow upon the solarization of the Supreme Being, or the turning of the sun into a " fecundator " and a " limited creator ", monopolized by certain societies of men or even certain families such as the families of chiefs or kings.»lo que la genealogía solar añade: expresa los cambios que siguen a la solarización, el sol vuelto fecundador y creador limitado, monopolizado por ciertas sociedades o familias. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 153»

«Thus, in the Arunta tribe in Australia, the sun (which is female) holds a more important place than the moon (which is male) in the sense that it " is regarded as having a definite relationship to each individual member of the various [social] divisions ".»el caso arunta: el sol, que ahí es femenino, ocupa lugar más importante que la luna porque se le tiene por relacionado con cada miembro de las divisiones sociales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 153»

«The Korkus oflndia declare that they are descended from the union of the Sun and the Moon.»el caso korku: declaran descender de la unión del Sol y la Luna; el troceo funde *of India* en *oflndia*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 154»

«We find the same sort of relationships in more developed societies, but always limited to the king and noble families.»la regla que extrae: en sociedades más desarrolladas esas relaciones se conservan, pero limitadas al rey y a las familias nobles

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 154»

«However, in Australia, man's relations with the sun can be strengthened on another level, for man can attain identification with the sun through the ceremonial of initiation. The candidate smears his head with red, tears out his hair and beard, undergoes a symbolic death, and revives the next day as the sun is rising ; this initiation drama identifies him with the sun-hero Grogoragally, the son of the creator.»el rito australiano de iniciación solar: el candidato se unta la cabeza de rojo, muere simbólicamente y revive al alba identificado con el héroe solar. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 154»

«This Australian ceremonial brings in an important new element which explains the part played by the sun in a great many other cultur.es and historical contexts.»abre §42 diciendo qué aporta ese rito: un elemento nuevo que explica el papel del sol en muchas otras culturas y contextos históricos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 154»

«they have thl! object of uniting the initiate with the sun hero, son of the Supreme Being of the sky.»el objeto de esas relaciones entre wiradjuri y kamilaroi: unir al iniciado con el héroe solar, hijo del Ser Supremo del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 154»

«Initiation thus makes man, in a sense, son of the Supreme Being ; more precisely, he becomes so anew as a result of his ritual death from which he rises identified with the sun.»lo que la iniciación hace del hombre: hijo del Ser Supremo, y de nuevo, por una muerte ritual de la que resucita identificado con el sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 154»

«Now, these details prove that in the religion of tribes as primitive as the Wiradjuri and Karnilaroi the Supreme Being is superior to the sun and puts him in charge of saving man by means of initiations»lo que esos detalles prueban a su juicio: el Ser Supremo es superior al sol y le encarga salvar al hombre por las iniciaciones. El tramo se corta antes de la coma que abre la cláusula siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 154»

«They also indicate that the sun may still assume an important function in the sphere of burial beliefs, in all that concerns man's state after death.»y lo segundo que indican: el sol puede asumir función importante en las creencias funerarias y en lo tocante al estado del hombre tras la muerte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 154»

«In addition, Grogoragally presents the souls of the dead individually to the Supreme Being ;4 he can present them because they are already initiated, that is, because they have already undergone death and resurrection, and have each become a " sun ".»el papel psicopompo del héroe solar australiano: presenta las almas al Ser Supremo, y puede hacerlo porque ya están iniciadas y cada una se ha vuelto un sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 154»

«A whole series of beliefs connected with initiation and sovereignty-to which I shall be referring again soon-grow out of this raising of the sun into a god (hero) who does not die (as does the moon), but who passes through the empire of death every night and returns the next day eternal and unchanging.»la serie de creencias que nacen de ahí: el sol elevado a dios que no muere como la luna, sino que atraviesa cada noche el imperio de la muerte y vuelve eterno e inmutable. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 155»

«Sunset is not recognized as a " death " of the sun (unlike the moon's three days in hiding) but as a descent into the lower regions, into the kingdom of the dead.»la distinción que traza: el ocaso no se entiende como muerte del sol, a diferencia de los tres días de la luna, sino como descenso al reino de los muertos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 155»

«Unlike the moon, the sun has the privilege of passing through hell without undergoing the condition of death.»el privilegio solar: pasar por el infierno sin sufrir la condición de la muerte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 155»

«Nonetheless, its predestined journey through the lower regions still confers on it the prerogatives relating to death and burial.»y el precio de ese viaje: le confiere de todos modos prerrogativas sobre la muerte y el entierro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 155»

«This ambivalence might be expressed rather like this : though immortal, the sun descends nightly to the kingdom of the dead ; it can, therefore, take men with it and, by setting, put them to death ; but it can also, on the other hand, guide souls through the lower regions and bring them back next day with its light. That is its twofold function-as psychopomp to " murder " and as hierophant to initiate.»la ambivalencia solar que formula: inmortal y a la vez visitante nocturno del reino de los muertos, puede llevarse a los hombres al ponerse y también guiar las almas y devolverlas con su luz. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 155»

«It explains the belief, so widely held in New Zealand and the New Hebrides, that merely to glance at the setting sun may induce death.»la creencia que explica con eso: en Nueva Zelanda y las Nuevas Hébridas, mirar el sol poniente puede inducir la muerte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 155»

«The sun draws things, it " sucks in " the souls of the living with as much ease as it guides the souls of the dead to whom it acts as psychopomp through the western " gate of the sun ".»la fórmula doble: el sol succiona las almas de los vivos con la misma facilidad con que guía a los muertos por la puerta occidental del sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 155»

«The natives of the Torres Straits believe there is a mythical island called Kibu (" the gate of the sun ") somewhere in the west. The wind blows the souls of the dead there.»el ejemplo del estrecho de Torres: la isla mítica Kibu, la puerta del sol, adonde el viento lleva las almas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 155»

«In other Polynesian islands, the westernmost tip of land is called " the souls' jumping-off place ".»el ejemplo polinesio: la punta más occidental de la tierra se llama el trampolín de las almas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 156»

«You will also find fairly widespread in Oceania the beliefs by which the dead sink with the sun into the sea, are carried in " boats of the sun ", or according to which the kingdom of the dead is where the sun sets.»las creencias oceánicas que agrupa: los muertos se hunden con el sol en el mar, van en barcas del sol, y el reino de los muertos está donde el sol se pone

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 156»

«Clearly, the fate of all the souls who plunge into the setting sun is not the same ; not all gain what we may call " salvation ". That is the point at which the redemptive power of initiation enters, and the part played by the various secret societies in choosing the elect and separating them from the amorphous mass of common men»el reparo que introduce: no todas las almas que se hunden con el sol corren la misma suerte, y ahí entran el poder redentor de la iniciación y el papel de las sociedades secretas. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 156»

«Thus, in the Hervey Islands only those who die in battle are carried to heaven by the sun ; everyone else who dies is devoured by the gods of the underworld, Akaranga and Kiru.»el ejemplo que lo concreta: en las Hervey solo los caídos en combate son llevados al cielo por el sol y los demás son devorados por los dioses del inframundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 156»

«The dichotomy between the hero or initiate and death by natural causes has some importance in the history of religion»la dicotomía que aísla: entre el héroe o iniciado y la muerte por causas naturales. El tramo se corta antes de la coma que abre la cláusula siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 156»

«it has long been observed5 that traces of sun-worship run parallel with those of ancestorworship : the two find common expression in the setting up of megalithic monuments.»la correlación oceánica que recoge: las trazas del culto solar corren parejas con las del culto de los antepasados y se expresan en monumentos megalíticos. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *ancestorworship* por *ancestor-worship*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 156»

«But Rivers has also found in Polynesia and in Micronesia very close connections between the distribution of megalithic monuments and secret societies.»el segundo término de la correlación, tomado de Rivers: los megalitos y las sociedades secretas se distribuyen muy juntos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 156»

«And megalithic monuments are always linked to the worship of the sun. In the Society Islands, for instance, the megaliths (marae) face the rising sun, as does the Fijiian nanga, while in the Banks Islands, there is a custom of anointing a megalith with red clay to make the sun shine anew.»los datos que lo apoyan: los marae de las Sociedad miran al sol naciente, y en las Banks se unge un megalito con arcilla roja para que el sol vuelva a brillar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 156»

«Keep in mind that notion of " choice ", of " selection ", bound up with the initiation and burial rituals practised in the name of the sun.»lo que pide retener: la noción de elección ligada a los rituales de iniciación y de entierro practicados en nombre del sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 157»

«Remember too that in different parts of the world chieftains were supposed to be descendants of the sun ; Polynesian chiefs, 1 the heads of the Natchez and Inca tribes2 and the Hittite kings (called " my sun "), the Babylonian kings (cf. the stone tablet of Nabu-apla-iddin) and the Indian king3 all had the title and character of " suns ", " children of the sun ", " grandchildren of the sun ", or even mystically embodied the sun as in the case of the Indian king.»la serie de soberanías solares que enumera: jefes polinesios, natchez, incas, reyes hititas, babilonios e indios, con el título de soles o hijos del sol. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 157»

«In fact, there must be a choice or selection carried out either in the ritual initiation of a secret society, or by the initiation conferred by sovereignty.»la regla que extrae: siempre hay una elección, sea por la iniciación de una sociedad secreta, sea por la que confiere la soberanía

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 157»

«The religion of Egypt was, more than any other, dominated by sun-worship.»abre §43: la religión de Egipto estuvo dominada por el culto solar más que ninguna otra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 157»

«At an early date the sun-god had absorbed various divinities such as Atum, Horus and the scarab god Khopri.»el proceso de absorción: el dios solar incorporó pronto a Atum, Horus y el escarabajo Khopri

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 157»

«From the fifth dynasty onwards, the phenomenon became general : a great many divinities were merged with the sun producing the " solarized " figures Khnemu, Min-Ra, Amon-Ra, etc.»la generalización del fenómeno desde la quinta dinastía, con las figuras solarizadas Khnemu, Min-Ra y Amón-Ra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 157»

«I do not think there is any need for us to decide here between the rival hypotheses of Kees and Sethe on the question of the historical sources of sun doctrine.»la abstención que declara: no cree necesario decidir entre las hipótesis rivales de Kees y Sethe sobre las fuentes históricas de la doctrina solar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 157»

«What is agreed is that this doctrine reached its zenith under the fifth dynasty and that its success gave support both to the notion of sovereignty and the work of the priests at Hieropolis.»lo que da por acordado: la doctrina llegó a su cenit bajo la quinta dinastía y su éxito apoyó la noción de soberanía y el trabajo de los sacerdotes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 157»

«It has long been recognized that Shu, god of atmosphere and therefore originally a sky figure, was later identified with»el caso de Shu, dios de la atmósfera y por tanto figura celeste en origen, identificado después con el sol. El tramo se corta donde el troceo reemite la marca de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 158»

«But Wainwright thinks Amon too was a very early sky god, and H. Junker thinks Ur (wr), whose name means " the Great One ", was an ancient celestial Supreme Being»las tesis que recoge: Wainwright tiene a Amón por dios celeste muy antiguo y Junker a Ur, el Grande, por antiguo Ser Supremo celeste. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 158»

«The total absence of any reference to Ur on public (and therefore royal) monuments is due to his being a god of the people.»el argumento de Junker por la ausencia: Ur no figura en los monumentos públicos y por tanto reales porque era dios del pueblo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 158»

«It is, briefly, the story of his loss of the supreme place because of being constantly fitted into local theologies : he becomes an auxiliary of Ra's (we see him healing the sun's eyes, which were for a time blind), later merges with Atum and finally with Ra himself.»la historia de Ur que resume: pierde el lugar supremo al quedar encajado en teologías locales, se vuelve auxiliar de Ra y acaba fundido con él

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 158»

«I have not the knowledge to enable me to enter into the discussion provoked by Junker's studies. But I was persuaded to mention it because such Egyptologists as Capart and Kees appear to agree with him in the main.»la reserva de competencia que declara: dice no tener el conocimiento para entrar en la discusión y la menciona porque egiptólogos como Capart y Kees parecen coincidir con Junker

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 158»

«From the point of view of the history of religion, the career of Amon or that of Wr can be easily understood : I have already shown how Supreme Beings of a heavenly nature tend, if they do not fade into complete oblivion, either to change into gods of fecundation and weather, or else to become sun gods.»lo que sí sostiene desde su disciplina: la carrera de Amón o la de Ur se entiende bien, porque los Seres Supremos celestes o se olvidan o se vuelven dioses de la fecundación o del sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 158»

«There have been, we said, two major factors in the establishment of Ra as supreme : the theology of Hieropolis and the mystique of sovereignty in which the sovereign was identified with the sun.»los dos factores que fija para el ascenso de Ra: la teología de Heliópolis y la mística de la soberanía que identificaba al soberano con el sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 158»

«A valuable support of this is the rivalry that lasted for some time between Ra as solar and (imperial) funeral god, and Osiris.»el apoyo que aduce: la rivalidad que duró un tiempo entre Ra, dios solar y funerario imperial, y Osiris

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 158»

«These solar spheres which had been ruled over by Ra in pre-dynastic times gained in addition during the third and fourth dynasties a funeral signification.»el cambio que data: las esferas solares regidas por Ra en época predinástica adquieren sentido funerario en las dinastías tercera y cuarta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 158»

«The Pyramid texts1 refer to this heroic testing-of an initiatory character-which the Pharaoh had to undergo.»la fuente que alega para ese combate: los textos de las pirámides refieren esa prueba heroica de carácter iniciático

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 159»

«As time went on, however, the writings stopped mentioning any duel with the Bull of Offerings and the departed was said to climb to heaven 2 by a ladder or even sail across the starry seas till at last, guided by a goddess and in the guise of a glittering bull, he reached the Field of Offerings.»el cambio que traza: los textos dejan de mencionar el duelo y el difunto sube al cielo por una escala o navega los mares estrellados. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 159»

«It is the start of the degeneration of a heroic initiation myth (which may have also included a rite), into a political and social privilege.»cómo lo lee: el comienzo de la degeneración de un mito de iniciación heroica en privilegio político y social

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 159»

«It is not as a " hero " that the Pharaoh has sovereign powers or attains the immortality of the sun ; as supreme ruler he automatically receives immortality and need not attempt to prove himself a hero at all.»lo que ese cambio significa: el faraón recibe la inmortalidad de modo automático por ser soberano y ya no ha de probarse héroe

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 159»

«This legal establishment of the Pharaoh's privileged state after death is as it were balanced by the victorious ascent of Osiris as a non-aristocratic god of death.»el contrapeso que señala: al establecimiento legal de ese privilegio corresponde el ascenso de Osiris como dios no aristocrático de la muerte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 159»

«Thou openest thy place in heaven among the stars of heaven, for thou art a star. . . . Thou watchest over Osiris, thou hast control of the dead, thou holdest thyself remote from them, thou art not of them»la cita de los textos de las pirámides que atribuye a un apologista del privilegio imperial y de la tradición solar: eres una estrella, vigilas a Osiris y no eres de los muertos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 159»

«The new god, though popular in form (accessible, that is, to other social classes), is no less powerful for that, and Pharaoh judges it wise to ask the sun's help against falling under Osiris' axe»el reparto de fuerzas: el dios nuevo es popular y no menos poderoso, y el faraón juzga prudente pedir al sol auxilio contra Osiris. El tramo se corta antes de los dos puntos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 159»

«The west, where the dead go, becomes the sphere of Osiris, while the east remains the sun.»el reparto del espacio: el occidente, adonde van los muertos, queda para Osiris y el oriente sigue siendo del sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 159»

«Indeed, the test is simply a wild " osirianization " of an ancient formula with the terms reversed : " Walk not on the paths of the West, where those who set out do not go forward ; but let (N) walk on the paths of the East, by the paths of Ra's followers.»cómo lee ese texto: una osirianización salvaje de una fórmula antigua con los términos invertidos, que mandaba no andar por los caminos del oeste. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 160»

«In time those texts increased. The sun resisted and won the field. Osiris, who had been obliged to claim the two heavenly fields simply because they had always been the spheres of death, in the end withdrew from them.»el desenlace del pleito: el sol resistió y ganó el campo, y Osiris acabó retirándose de los dos campos celestes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 160»

«But the retreat was not a defeat. Osiris had only attempted to gain possession of the sky because solar theology made it a scene necessary to the immortality of the Pharaohs.»el matiz que pone: la retirada no fue derrota, porque Osiris solo había intentado el cielo por ser escena necesaria a la inmortalidad de los faraones según la teología solar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 160»

«In any case, Osiris was merely completing the " humanist " revolution which had already altered eschatological thought in Egypt.»lo que atribuye a Osiris: completar la revolución humanista que ya había alterado el pensamiento escatológico egipcio

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 160»

«In fact, we have actually seen how the idea that immortality was something heroic, requiring initiation, offered to a handful of privileged persons who could win it by a struggle, turned into an idea that immortality was given to all privileged persons.»el resumen del cambio: la inmortalidad heroica, iniciática y para unos pocos que la ganaban luchando, pasa a ser inmortalidad dada a todos los privilegiados. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 160»

«Osiris developed this profound change in the notion of immortality further in the direction of " democracy " : anyone could attain immortality by emerging victorious from the trial.»el paso siguiente: Osiris lleva ese cambio hacia la democracia, y cualquiera puede alcanzar la inmortalidad saliendo vencedor de la prueba

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 160»

«The theology of Osiris took up and developed the notion of trial as a sine qua non of after life ; but for the heroic, initiatory type of trial (the struggle with the Bull), it substituted trials of an ethical and religious nature (good works and so on).»lo que la teología osiriana conserva y lo que cambia: mantiene la prueba como condición de la otra vida y sustituye la prueba heroica por pruebas éticas y religiosas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 160»

«The archaic theory of heroic immortality gave way to a new conception, humbler and more human.»la fórmula con que cierra: la teoría arcaica de la inmortalidad heroica cede ante una concepción nueva, más humilde y más humana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 160»

«This is not a privilege of the sun god alone : as I shall point out in later chapters, because of the dialectic of hierophanies»el reparo que lo acota: no es privilegio del dios solar, porque por la dialéctica de las hierofanías toda esfera de la naturaleza puede reclamar función en la creación del hombre; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 153»

«every sphere of nature-water, earth, plant-life-can claim some function relative to man's creation ; each of these spheres man recognizes as absolute reality and, at the same time, as a primordial source from which he gets being and life.»continuación en la plana siguiente: agua, tierra y vida vegetal son para el hombre realidad absoluta y a la vez fuente primordial de la que recibe ser y vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 153»

«In the Hervey Islands, the natives think that the dead gather in bands and twice a year, at the time of the solstice, they try to follow the sun»el ejemplo de las Hervey: los muertos se juntan en bandas y dos veces al año, en los solsticios, intentan seguir al sol; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 155»

«when it sets, so as to get to the lower regions.»continuación en la plana siguiente: intentan seguirlo al ponerse para llegar a las regiones inferiores

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 156»

«they were virtually present together even in the most primitive sun hierophanies, in Australia for instance.»continuación en la plana siguiente: esos tres elementos estaban ya virtualmente juntos en las hierofanías solares más primitivas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 157»

«At first, this ascent was no easy matter. In spite of his divine character, the Pharaoh had to fight the guardian»el rasgo heroico de la ascensión: el faraón, pese a su carácter divino, debía combatir al guardián del Campo; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 158»

«of the " Field ", the Bull of Offerings, for the right to take up his abode in heaven.»continuación en la plana siguiente: el Toro de las Ofrendas le disputaba el derecho a morar en el cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 159»

«Osiris (N) does not walk in the eastern places, but walks in the western places, along the road of»la cita osiriana que aduce: Osiris no anda por los lugares del oriente sino por los del occidente; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana y la frase sigue con el camino de los seguidores de Ra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 159»

«becomes elsewhere crystallized into a direct relationship with the father or ancestor of the tribe-among, for instance, the Blackfoot Indians»el paso siguiente que traza: lo que en Australia es relación con cada individuo cristaliza en otras partes en relación directa con el padre o el antepasado de la tribu, como entre los pies negros; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana y la frase sigue con los arapajó

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 153»

«worship (worship of the dead), secret societies with their initiations which guarantee a happy lot after death»el trenzado que propone al cerrar el punto: culto de los muertos y sociedades secretas con sus iniciaciones que aseguran buena suerte tras la muerte; el tramo arranca tras el guion de corte de *Ancestor-worship* y se corta antes de *sun-worship*, que el troceo funde en una sola palabra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 156»

«In Egypt, the sun was to remain to the last the psychopomp of a privileged class (the family of the Sovereign), yet sun-worship still played a leading role in the whole of Egyptian religion, at least the religion expressed in the monuments and writings.»el balance egipcio: el sol siguió siendo psicopompo de una clase privilegiada y a la vez el culto solar dominó la religión egipcia de los monumentos y los escritos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 161»

«In Indonesia and Melanesia, the situation is different : there the sun was at one time psychopomp of all the initiates of secret societies; but its role, though still important, is not the only one.»el contraste indonesio y melanesio: allí el sol fue psicopompo de todos los iniciados de las sociedades secretas, y su papel, aún importante, no es el único

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 161»

«In those secret societies, the " ancestors "-led by the sun on the road of the west-play an equally important part.»el reparto en esas sociedades secretas: los antepasados, guiados por el sol en el camino del oeste, cuentan tanto como él

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 161»

«This coming-together does not damage the prestige of the sun, for do not forget that the sun's connection with the other world, with the spheres of darkness and of death, is clear in the most primitive solar hierophanies and is rarely lost to view.»el reparo con que lo cierra: ese encuentro no daña el prestigio del sol, porque su conexión con el otro mundo y las esferas de la oscuridad es clara desde las hierofanías solares más primitivas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 161»

«Shamash holds a lower rank in the Mesopotamian pantheon than Sin, the Moon god, and is held to be Sin's son ; he has never had an important part in mythology.»el caso de Shamash: rango menor que el de Sin, el dios lunar, del que se le tiene por hijo, y sin papel importante en la mitología

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 161»

«Shamash is called the " sun of Etimme ", that is, of the manes ; we are told of him that he " makes the dead live ".»las trazas funerarias que conserva: se le llama sol de los etimme, esto es de los manes, y se dice que hace vivir a los muertos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 161»

«He is the god of justice and the " lord of judgement " (bel-dini). From earliest times his temple was called the " house of the judge of the land ".»las funciones judiciales de Shamash: dios de la justicia, señor del juicio, con su templo llamado casa del juez de la tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 161»

«On the other hand, Shamash is the god of oracles, the patron of prophets and soothsayers, 4 a function that is always connected with the world of the dead and the domains of earth and burial.»la función oracular: patrón de profetas y adivinos, que liga siempre al mundo de los muertos y a los dominios de la tierra y el sepulcro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 161»

«In Greece and in Italy, the sun never occupied anything more than a secondary position.»el caso grecolatino: el sol nunca ocupó más que una posición secundaria

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 161»

«In Rome, sun-worship was introduced under the Empire through oriental ideas, and it developed in a rather exterior and artificial manner through the worship of the Emperors.»cómo entró el culto solar en Roma: bajo el Imperio, por ideas orientales, y de manera exterior y artificial por el culto de los emperadores

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 161»

«The myth of Helios reveals relations with both the earth and the underworld.»el caso griego: el mito de Helios revela relaciones con la tierra y con el inframundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 162»

«Helios is pythios and paian-two attributes which he shares with Leto, one of the Great Goddesses of the Mediterranean-chthonios and plouton ; Helios is also titan, an epiphany of generative energy.»la serie de epítetos de Helios que aduce: pythios y paian, que comparte con Leto, chthonios y plouton, y titán como epifanía de la energía generadora

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 162»

«For us it is something quite different that matters : the sun, which, looked at superficialty from the point of view of reason alone, might be thought to be supremely an " intelligible " hierophany of the sky, and of light, was being worshipped as a source of the " dark " energies.»lo que le importa del caso: el sol, que mirado solo con la razón parecería la hierofanía más inteligible del cielo y de la luz, era adorado como fuente de las energías oscuras. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 162»

«For Helios is not only pythios, chthonios, titan, and so on ; over and above all this, he is in communication with the chosen world of darkness : sorcery and hell.»lo que añade sobre Helios: está en comunicación con el mundo elegido de la oscuridad, la hechicería y el infierno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 162»

«He is the father of the sorceress Circe, and the grandfather of Medea, both illustrious specialists in nightplant philtres ; and it was from him that Medea received her famous chariot drawn by winged serpents.»el parentesco que le adjudica: padre de la hechicera Circe y abuelo de Medea, de quien vino el carro tirado por serpientes aladas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 162»

«And horses and serpents both belong mainly to chthonian and funereal symbolism.»la lectura que da de esos animales: caballos y serpientes pertenecen sobre todo al simbolismo ctónico y funerario

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 162»

«The swing between light and darkness, solar and earthly, can therefore be taken as two alternating phases of one and the same reality.»la fórmula con que resuelve la ambivalencia: el vaivén entre luz y oscuridad, entre lo solar y lo terrestre, son dos fases alternantes de una misma realidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«The hierophanies of the sun display, indeed, dimensions that the sun merely as such would lose in any purely rational or profane perspective. But those dimensions hold a definite place in any primitive system of myth and metaphysic.»lo que las hierofanías solares muestran: dimensiones que el sol como tal perdería en perspectiva racional o profana, y que tienen lugar fijo en todo sistema primitivo de mito y metafísica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«Siirya figures among the second rank of Vedic gods. The IJ..g Veda does indeed devote ten hymns to him, but he never attains any very high position.»abre §45 con el caso indio: Surya está en el segundo rango de los dioses védicos y el Rig Veda le dedica diez himnos sin darle posición alta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«He is the son of Dyaus2 but he is also known as the eye of heaven or the eye of Mitra and Varu»la filiación de Surya: hijo de Dyaus y a la vez ojo del cielo u ojo de Mitra y Varuna. El tramo se corta antes del punto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«But we also read in the IJ..g Veda that the sun's chariot is drawn by a horse, Etas a, 5 or by seven horses, 6 and he is himself a stallion 7 or a bird, 8 or even a vulture or a bull»el otro lado de la figura: el carro del sol va tirado por un caballo o por siete, y él mismo es semental, pájaro, buitre o toro. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«and whenever a thing displays the essence or attributes of a horse it always has some chthonian or funereal significance.»la regla que aplica: todo lo que muestra la esencia o los atributos del caballo tiene siempre significado ctónico o funerario

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«That significance is quite clear in the other Vedic variant on the sun god, Savitri, who is often identified with Siirya : he is a psychopomp and conducts souls to the place of the just.»el caso de Savitri: psicopompo que conduce las almas al lugar de los justos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«In some texts he bestows immortality on gods and men ;10 it is he who makes Tvaƒtr immortal.»lo que algunos textos le atribuyen: otorga la inmortalidad a dioses y hombres, y hace inmortal a Tvashtri

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«I am not of course speaking of " historical " connection, but of typological symmetry. Underlying the history, development, diffusion and changes of any hierophany is its basic structure. There is so little evidence that it is hardand for our purpose scarcely necessary-to discover exactly how far the structure of any hierophany was first seen fully by all the members of a given society. All we need to do is specify what a hierophany could mean or could not mean .»nota al pie donde declara su método: no habla de conexión histórica sino de simetría tipológica, y basta con precisar lo que una hierofanía podía o no podía significar. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 164»

«But in the J!.g Veda itself, and particularly in the speculations of the BrahmaQ.as, the sun is seen also in its dark aspects.»el giro del apartado: ya en el Rig Veda, y sobre todo en las especulaciones de los Brahmanas, el sol se ve también en sus aspectos oscuros

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 164»

«Savitri brings night as well as day3 and is himself a god of night ;4 one hymn even describes his night journey.»el dato que lo apoya: Savitri trae la noche tanto como el día, es dios nocturno y un himno describe su viaje de noche

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 164»

«But this alternating of modalities also has an ontological significance.»lo que ese alternar significa para él: no solo ritmo, también un sentido ontológico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 164»

«Savitri is prasavita nivesanah, 6 " he who makes things come in and go out " (" making all creatures come in and go out ").»la fórmula védica que traduce: el que hace entrar y salir las cosas, haciendo entrar y salir a todas las criaturas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 164»

«Bergaigne quite rightly stressed the cosmic import of this " reintegration " : 7 for Savitri is jagato nivesiini, " making the world return "8which really formulates a system of cosmology.»recoge de Bergaigne el alcance cósmico de esa reintegración: hacer volver el mundo formula en rigor un sistema de cosmología

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 164»

«Night and day (naktosasti, a dual feminine word) are sisters, just as the gods and the " demons " (asura) are brothers : dvaytil) prtijtipatytil), devtis ctisurtisca, " the children of Prajapati are of two sorts, gods and asuras ".»el par de parejas que alinea: noche y día son hermanas como dioses y asuras son hermanos, hijos de Prajapati de dos clases. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 164»

«The sun fits into this divine hi-unity, and also displays in some myths, an ophidian (that is, " dark " or indistinct) aspect which would normally be the complete opposite of its immediate meaning.»cómo encaja el sol en esa biunidad divina: muestra en algunos mitos un aspecto ofidio, esto es oscuro o indistinto, opuesto a su sentido inmediato

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 164»

«There are still traces of the serpentine myth of the sun to be found in the J!.g Veda : originally " without feet ", VaruQ.a gave him feet to walk with»la traza védica de ese mito serpentino: el sol, sin pies en origen, recibió de Varuna los pies para andar. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 164»

«quotes in this connection Aristotle3-" Man and the sun generate man "-and Dante :4 " • • • the sun, who is the father of all mortal life ".»las dos autoridades que Coomaraswamy alinea ahí: Aristóteles, el hombre y el sol engendran al hombre, y Dante, el sol padre de toda vida mortal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«On the other hand, the sun is sometimes identified with death, for he devours his children as well as generating them.»el segundo término: el sol se identifica a veces con la muerte, porque devora a sus hijos además de engendrarlos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«In my book Mitul Reintegrarii (The Myth of Reintegration) I traced the opposites that are found together in primitive rites, myths and metaphysics.»la remisión a su propio libro, El mito de la reintegración, donde dice haber trazado los opuestos que se hallan juntos en ritos, mitos y metafísicas primitivas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«For the moment, note the primitive ambivalence of the sun hierophanies developed in the framework of extremely elaborate systems of symbolism, theology and metaphysics.»lo que pide retener: la ambivalencia primitiva de las hierofanías solares, desarrollada en sistemas elaboradísimos de simbolismo, teología y metafísica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«It would, however, be wrong to look on these developments as simply the stereotyped and artificial workings of a mere verbal machinery.»el reparo que pone: sería un error ver esos desarrollos como el funcionamiento estereotipado y artificial de una mera maquinaria verbal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«The laborious hermeneutics were merely the statement in accurate terms of all the meanings the sun hierophanies could have.»lo que sostiene en cambio: la hermenéutica laboriosa no hacía más que enunciar con precisión todos los sentidos que las hierofanías solares podían tener

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«That those meanings cannot be reduced to a single brief formula (that is, to rational and noncontradictory terms), is shown by the fact that the sun can be realized in different and even contradictory ways within the compass of a single religion.»la señal de que aduce: que el sol pueda realizarse de maneras distintas y aun contradictorias dentro de una misma religión

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«As cakravartin, or universal sovereign, Buddha was very early identified with the sun. So much so indeed, that E. Senart wrote a startling book in which he attempted to reduce the life story of Sakyamuni to a series of solar allegories.»el caso del Buda: identificado muy pronto con el sol como cakravartin, hasta el punto de que Senart intentó reducir la vida de Sakyamuni a alegorías solares

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«He undoubtedly overstated his point, but it is true none the less that the solar element dominates both the legend and the mystical apotheosis of Buddha.»el juicio que emite sobre Senart: exageró su punto, y con todo el elemento solar domina la leyenda y la apoteosis mística del Buda

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«However, within the framework of Buddhism, as indeed that of all Indian mystical religions, the sun does not always have the supreme position.»el reparo que sigue: dentro del budismo, como en todas las religiones místicas de la India, el sol no siempre tiene la posición suprema

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«And the aim common to all these Indian mystical techniques is not to achieve supremacy over one of these spheres, but to unify them, to effect, in other words, the reintegration of the two opposing principles.»el fin común que les atribuye: no la supremacía de una de esas esferas sino unificarlas, esto es reintegrar los dos principios opuestos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 166»

«It is just one of the many variants on the myth and metaphysic of reintegration ; in this case the balance of opposites is expressed in the cosmological formula sun-moon.»cómo lo clasifica: una variante más del mito y la metafísica de la reintegración, con el equilibrio de opuestos en fórmula cosmológica sol-luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 166»

«Of course, all these mystical techniques are possible only to a tiny minority as compared with the mass of the Indian people, but this does not necessarily mean that they represent an " evolution " as regards the religion of that mass, for even " primitives " know that same sun-moon formula of reintegration.»el reparo sociológico: esas técnicas están al alcance de una minoría ínfima, lo que no las vuelve una evolución respecto de la religión de la masa, porque los primitivos conocen la misma fórmula. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 166»

«The final result of giving absolute supremacy to solar hierophanies as developed in one sense only, can be seen in the excesses of those ascetic Indian sects whose members go on staring at the sun till they become totally blind.»el extremo al que lleva absolutizar lo solar: las sectas ascéticas indias cuyos miembros miran el sol hasta quedar ciegos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 166»

«This is a case of the " dryness " and " sterility " of a purely solar order of things, which carries its limited logic to extremes.»cómo lo nombra: la sequedad y la esterilidad de un orden puramente solar que lleva su lógica limitada al extremo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 166»

«The counterpart of it is a species of " decay from damp ", the turning of men into " seeds ", which occurs in those sects which give the same sort of total acceptance to the nocturnal, lunar or earthly order of things»el extremo opuesto que le corresponde: una podredumbre por humedad, el hombre vuelto semilla en las sectas que aceptan del todo el orden nocturno, lunar o terrestre. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 166»

«A great many primitive hierophanies of the sun were preserved in popular traditions, and fitted in more or less with other religious systems.»abre §46: muchas hierofanías solares primitivas se conservaron en tradiciones populares, encajadas más o menos en otros sistemas religiosos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 166»

«There can be no question here of going into the problem of their historical origins.»la abstención que declara: no entra aquí en el problema de los orígenes históricos de esos usos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 167»

«Remember, however, that from the Bronze Age onwards there was in Northern Europe a myth about the sun's stallion (cf. the sun-chariot of Trundholm), and as R. Forrer has shown in his study on Les Chars cultuels prehistoriques, the ritual chariots of prehistory, which were made to reproduce the movement of the heavenly bodies, can be looked on as the prototype of ordinary chariots later.»el dato arqueológico: desde la Edad del Bronce hay en el norte de Europa un mito del semental del sol, y los carros rituales prehistóricos serían el prototipo de los carros comunes. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 167»

«This complexity cannot be explained as the effect of hybrid mixtures and syntheses, for primitive societies evince it as much as any. Indeed it indicates rather how primitive the cult is.»la objeción que opone a la lectura sincrética: la complejidad del culto solar nórdico no se explica por mezclas híbridas, porque las sociedades primitivas la muestran igual, e indica más bien cuán primitivo es el culto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 167»

«Almgren and Hofler have pointed out the symbiosis of sun elements with funereal (as with the " Wild Hunt ") and those that relate to the earth and farming (the fertilization of fields by the wheel of the sun and so on).»la simbiosis que esos autores señalan: elementos solares con funerarios, como la Cacería Salvaje, y con los de la tierra y la labranza

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 167»

«And some time back Mannhardt, Gaidoz and Frazer showed how the " year " and the wheel of fortune fit together and centre on the sun both in the agricultural magic and the religion of ancient European beliefs, and in modern folk lore.»lo que esos tres mostraron: cómo el año y la rueda de la fortuna encajan y se centran en el sol, en la magia agraria antigua y en el folclore moderno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 167»

«Just as the ritual boat on which corpses were placed was the prototype for all boats. The point is an important one ; it helps us to a better understanding of how human skills began. What is called man's conquest of nature was not so much the direct result of scientific discoveries as the fruit of man's various " situations " in the universe, situations determined by the dialectic of the hierophanies. Metallurgy, agriculture, the calendar and many other things began as a result of man's realizing one of his situations in the universe.»nota al pie con una tesis general sobre la técnica: lo que se llama conquista de la naturaleza no fue tanto fruto de descubrimientos científicos como de las situaciones del hombre en el universo, determinadas por la dialéctica de las hierofanías. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 167»

«In Japan, for instance, as part of the ritual drama of the " visitor " (a drama which includes elements of the cult connected with earth and agriculture) a group of young men with daubed faces, called the " Sun Devils ", go from farm to farm to ensure the fertility of the earth for the corning year, and they do this as representing their solar ancestors.»el ejemplo japonés: los Diablos del Sol, jóvenes con la cara pintada que van de granja en granja a asegurar la fertilidad representando a sus antepasados solares. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 168»

«In European ceremonials, the bowling of blazing wheels at the time of the solstices also probably performs the magic funt::tion of restoring the sun's powers.»la función mágica que atribuye a las ruedas encendidas de los solsticios: restaurar las fuerzas del sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 168»

«Indeed, throughout the north, the gradual shortening of the days as the winter solstice approaches inspires fear that the sun may die away completd»el temor que consigna: en el norte, el acortarse de los días hacia el solsticio de invierno inspira miedo de que el sol se apague del todo; el troceo imprime *completdy*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 168»

«In other places this state of alarm is expressed in apocalyptic visions : the falling or the darkening of the sun becomes one of the signs of the corning end of the world, of the conclusion, that is, of one cosmic cycle (generally to be followed by a new creation and a new human race).»cómo se expresa esa alarma en otras partes: la caída u oscurecimiento del sol como signo del fin del mundo, esto es del cierre de un ciclo cósmico. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 168»

«Indeed, the Mexicans ensured the immortality of the sun by constantly sacrificing prisoners to it so that their blood would renew its failing energies.»el caso mexicano: aseguraban la inmortalidad del sol sacrificándole prisioneros sin cesar para que su sangre renovara sus energías

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 168»

«But in this religion there always remains a dark fear that there will periodically be a collapse of the whole universe. However much blood is offered to it, the sun will one day fall ; the apocalypse is part of the necessary rhythm of the universe.»el reparo que añade: en esa religión queda siempre el temor oscuro de un colapso periódico del universo, y el apocalipsis es parte del ritmo necesario

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 168»

«Another important mythical pattern is that of solar heroes, particularly common among nomad shepherds, among the peoples, in fact, from whom the nations destined to " make history " have generally sprung.»el patrón siguiente: los héroes solares, comunes sobre todo entre pastores nómadas, los pueblos de los que salieron las naciones destinadas a hacer historia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 168»

«Enough has been written to fill whole libraries on the myths and legends of the sun heroes, and traces of them can be found even in traditional lullabies.»la ironía con que consigna la bibliografía: se ha escrito para llenar bibliotecas sobre los héroes solares, y se hallan trazas hasta en las canciones de cuna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 168»

«This mania of scholars for seeing the sun everywhere is not wholly baseless. There is no doubt that at one time or another the " sun hero " was in favour in all the races we have talked of.»el juicio que emite sobre esa manía de ver soles en todas partes: no carece del todo de base, porque el héroe solar estuvo en boga en todas esas razas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 168»

«A sun hero will always present in addition a " dark side ", a connection with the world of the dead, with initiation, fertility and the rest.»lo que el héroe solar añade siempre: un lado oscuro, una conexión con el mundo de los muertos, con la iniciación y con la fertilidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«The myth of sun heroes is equally full of elements connected with the cult of sovereignty or of a derniurge. The hero " saves " the world, renews it, opens a new era which sometimes even amounts to a new organization of the universe ; in other words, he still preserves the qualities of the derniurge of the Supreme Being.»los elementos de soberanía y de demiurgo que le atribuye: el héroe salva el mundo, lo renueva y abre una era nueva, conservando las cualidades del demiurgo del Ser Supremo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«A career like that of Mithra who was at first a sky god, later became a sun god and later still a saviour (as the Sol Invictus), can to some extent be explained by this derniurgic function of ordering the world (all grains and plants grew up from the bull slain by Mithra).»el caso de Mitra: dios del cielo, luego solar y luego salvador como Sol Invictus, explicable en parte por esa función demiúrgica de ordenar el mundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«Every religious " form " is basically " imperialist "-it constantly adopts the substance, attributes and honours of other-often very different-religious forms.»la tesis general que enuncia: toda forma religiosa es imperialista y adopta sin cesar la sustancia, los atributos y los honores de otras formas, a menudo muy distintas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«Every form that gains the ascendancy tends to seek to be all, to extend its power over the whole of religious experience.»y su corolario: toda forma que se impone tiende a querer serlo todo y a extender su poder sobre la experiencia religiosa entera

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«We may therefore be quite certain that whenever a religious form that began by being solar (whether god, hero, ceremony, myth, or anything else) became supreme, it must have included elements from without, assimilated and integrated into it by its very nature of imperialist expansion.»lo que de ahí deduce para el sol: toda forma solar que llegó a suprema debió incluir elementos de fuera, asimilados por su misma naturaleza de expansión imperialista. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«I do not propose to conclude this brief study of the nature of sun hierophanies with any general summing-up. If I did I should only be stating the major themes I have stressed in the chapter : the solarization of Supreme Beings, the sun's connection with sovereignty, initiation and the elite, its ambivalence, its relations with the dead, with fertility, and so on.»la abstención con que cierra el capítulo: no hará resumen general, porque solo repetiría los temas ya subrayados. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«But it is worth underlining the close connection between solar theology and the elite-whether of kings, initiates, heroes or philosophers.»lo que sí subraya: la conexión estrecha entre la teología solar y la elite, sean reyes, iniciados, héroes o filósofos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«Unlike other nature hierophanies, sun hierophanies tend to become the privilege of a closed circle, of a minority of the elect.»la diferencia que fija: a diferencia de otras hierofanías de la naturaleza, las solares tienden a volverse privilegio de un círculo cerrado, de una minoría de elegidos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«And, lastly, the entry into Hades is called the " gate of the sun ", and " Hades " as pronounced during the Homeric age-" A-ides "-also brings to mind the notion of»el argumento por el nombre: la entrada del Hades se llama puerta del sol, y A-ides evoca una noción; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana y la frase sigue con lo invisible

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 162»

«what is " invisible " and what " renders invisible ".»continuación en la plana siguiente: lo invisible y lo que vuelve invisible

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«the sun was born of the eye of the cosmic giant Puruƒa, and, at death, when man's body and soul become once more part of that cosmic giant, his eye will go back into the sun.»el mito del Purusha Sukta que cita: el sol nació del ojo del gigante cósmico y al morir el hombre su ojo vuelve al sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«Whether as a psychopomp or a hierophant (conferring immortality) his mission is certainly an echo of the»la lectura que propone de Savitri: psicopompo o hierofante, su misión es eco de las prerrogativas del dios solar; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 163»

«medieval processions, in which wheels were borne on chariots or boats, whose prototypes can be found in prehistoric times ; the custom of fastening men to wheels, the ritual prohibiting the use of a spinning wheel on certain evenings of the year (round about the time of the winter solstice), and other phenomena still to be found among European peasant communities (Fortuna, the " wheel of fortune ", the " wheel of the year ", etc.), all of which are solar in their original form.»sigue la serie: procesiones medievales con ruedas en carros o barcas, hombres atados a ruedas y la prohibición ritual de hilar en ciertas noches, todo solar en su forma original. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 167»

«of the sun ; neither his structure nor his place in myth is confined to merely the phenomena of the sun (dawn, rays, light, twilight, and so on).»continuación en la plana siguiente: ni su estructura ni su lugar en el mito se limitan a los fenómenos solares, alba, rayos, luz y crepúsculo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«At Rhodes, during the feast in his honour, Halieia»el rito rodio en honor de Helios, la fiesta Halieia; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana y la frase sigue con el carro de cuatro caballos arrojado al mar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 162»

«halios, the Doric form of he!ios), a chariot drawn by four horses is offered to him and then cast into the sea.»continuación en la plana siguiente: se le ofrece un carro tirado por cuatro caballos y luego se lo arroja al mar; el troceo imprime *he!ios*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 162»

«It is, on the one hand, man's true progenitor : " When the [human] father thus emits him as seed into the womb, it is»el primer término de la ambivalencia: el sol es el verdadero progenitor del hombre; el tramo se corta antes del bloque de notas al pie que el troceo intercala

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 164»

«really the sun that emits him as seed into the womb»continuación de esa misma cita en la plana siguiente: es en rigor el sol quien emite la simiente en el seno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«mystical physiology, particularly»lo que la fisiología mística india hace con el sol; el tramo se corta antes del bloque de notas al pie, y la frase sigue en la plana siguiente con el yoga y el tantra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 165»

«Yoga and Tantra, attributes to the sun a definite " physiological " and cosmic sphere as against that of the moon.»continuación en la plana siguiente, con los dos nombres puestos: el yoga y el tantra atribuyen al sol una esfera fisiológica y cósmica definida frente a la de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 166»

«There are flaming wheels which are»el primero de los usos populares que enumera; el tramo se corta antes del bloque de notas al pie y la frase sigue en la plana siguiente con las ruedas lanzadas en los solsticios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 166»

«sent down from heights at the time of each solstice, especially the summer one»continuación en la plana siguiente: ruedas encendidas lanzadas desde lo alto en cada solsticio, sobre todo el de verano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 167»

«But we must be careful not»el reparo con que acota el héroe solar; el tramo se corta antes del bloque de notas al pie y la frase sigue en la plana siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 168»

«to reduce the sun hero to being simply a physical manifestation»continuación en la plana siguiente: no hay que reducir el héroe solar a mera manifestación física del sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 169»

«the " fire of intelligence ", ended by becoming a " cosmic principle " ; from a hierophany it turned into an idea by a process rather similar to that undergone by various of the sky gods (Iho, Brahman, etc.).»el desenlace grecorromano: el sol, vuelto fuego de la inteligencia, acabó en principio cósmico, de hierofanía en idea, como los dioses celestes Iho y Brahman

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 170»

«Even Heraclitus says that " the sun is new each day ". To Plato it was the image of the good as expressed in visible things ; 1 to the Orphics it was the intellect of the world.»la serie de racionalizaciones que enumera: Heráclito con el sol nuevo cada día, Platón con la imagen del bien en lo visible, y los órficos con el intelecto del mundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 170»

«relates all theology to sun-worship, and sees in the sun Apollo, Liber-Dionysos, Mars, Mercury, Aesculapius, Hercules, Serapis, Osiris, Horus, Adonis, Nemesis, Pan, Saturn, Adad, and even Jupiter.»el caso de Macrobio: refiere toda la teología al culto solar y ve en el sol a Apolo, Liber-Dioniso, Marte, Mercurio, Esculapio, Hércules, Serapis, Osiris, Horus, Adonis, Némesis, Pan, Saturno, Adad y aun Júpiter

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 170»

«The Emperor Julian, in his treatise On the Sun King, and Proclus in his Hymn to the Sun, offer their own syncretist and' rationalist interpretations.»los dos últimos ejemplos: el tratado del emperador Juliano sobre el Rey Sol y el himno al Sol de Proclo, con sus interpretaciones sincretistas y racionalistas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 170»

«These last honours paid to the sun in the twilight of antiquity are not entirely devoid of significance ; they are like palimpsests in which traces of the old writing can still be seen under the new-they still reveal traces of the true, primitive hierophanies : the dependence of the sun on God which recalls the very early myth of the solarized demiurge, its connections with fecundity and plant life and so on.»cómo lee esos últimos honores: palimpsestos donde aún se ven trazas de las hierofanías primitivas, la dependencia del sol respecto de Dios y sus vínculos con la fecundidad. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 170»

«But generally speaking, we find there only the palest shadow of what the sun hierophanies once meant, and constant rationalization makes it paler still. The philosophers, last among the " elect ", thus at last completed the secularization of what. was one of the mightiest of all the cosmic hierophanies.»el balance con que cierra el capítulo: queda la sombra más pálida de lo que las hierofanías solares significaron, y los filósofos completaron la secularización de una de las hierofanías cósmicas mayores. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 170»

«THE sun is always the same, always itself, never in any sense " becoming ". The moon, on the other hand, is !l body which waxes, wanes and disappears, a body whose existence is subject to the universal law of becoming, of birth and death.»abre el capítulo IV, §47, con la oposición que lo ordena: el sol es siempre el mismo y nunca deviene, mientras la luna crece, mengua y desaparece bajo la ley universal del devenir

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 173»

«The moon, like man, has a career involving tragedy, for its failing, like man's, ends in death.»la analogía que traza: la luna, como el hombre, tiene una carrera trágica, porque su decaer acaba en muerte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 173»

«For three nights the starry sky is without a moon. But this " death " is followed by a rebirth : the " new moon ".»el dato que la enmienda: tras tres noches sin luna viene el renacer, la luna nueva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 173»

«One Babylonian hymn to Sin sees the moon as " a fruit growing from itself ".1 It is reborn of its own substance, in pursuance of its own destined career.»el himno babilonio a Sin que cita: la luna como fruto que crece de sí mismo, renacida de su propia sustancia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 173»

«This perpetual return to its beginnings, and this everrecurring cycle make the moon the heavenly body above all others concerned with the rhythms of life.»la fórmula del apartado: ese retorno perpetuo y ese ciclo hacen de la luna el astro de los ritmos de la vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 173»

«It is not surprising, then, that it governs all those spheres of nature that fall under the law of recurring cycles : waters, rain, plant life, fertility.»lo que de ahí deduce: la luna gobierna las esferas sujetas a ciclos recurrentes, aguas, lluvia, vida vegetal y fertilidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 173»

«The phases of the moon showed man time in the concrete sense-as distinct from astronomical time which certainly only came to be realized later.»la tesis sobre el tiempo: las fases de la luna mostraron al hombre el tiempo concreto, distinto del tiempo astronómico que llegó después

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 173»

«Even in the Ice Age the meaning of the moon's phases and their magic powers were clearly known.»lo que data en la Edad del Hielo: el sentido de las fases de la luna y sus poderes mágicos ya se conocían con claridad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 173»

«We find the symbolism of spirals, snakes and lightning -all of them growing out of the notion of the moon as the measure of rhythmic change and fertility-in the Siberian cultures of the Ice Age.»los símbolos que aduce como prueba: espirales, serpientes y rayos en las culturas siberianas de la Edad del Hielo, todos nacidos de la luna como medida del cambio rítmico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 173»

«The oldest Indo-Aryan root connected with the heavenly bodies is the one that means " moon " :3 it is the root me, which in Sanskrit becomes miimi, " I measure ".»el argumento por la raíz: la más antigua raíz indoaria ligada a los astros es la que significa luna, me, que en sánscrito da mami, yo mido

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 173»

«The moon becomes the universal measuring gauge. All the words relating to the moon in the Indo-European languages come from that root : mas (Sanskrit), mah (Avestic), mah (Old Prussian), menu (Lithuanian), mena (Gothic), mene (Greek), mensis (Latin).»la fórmula que extrae y su serie léxica: la luna se vuelve la medida universal, con mas, mah, menu, mena, mene y mensis. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«Time as governed and measured by the phases of the moon might be called " living " time. It is bound up with the reality of life and nature, rain and the tides, the time of sowing, the menstrual cycle.»el nombre que da a ese tiempo: tiempo vivo, ligado a la realidad de la vida y de la naturaleza, a las lluvias y mareas, a la siembra y al ciclo menstrual

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«A whole series of phenomena belonging to totally different " cosmic levels " are ordered according to the rhythms of the moon or are under their influence.»lo que ese tiempo ordena: una serie de fenómenos de niveles cósmicos distintos quedan ordenados por los ritmos de la luna o bajo su influjo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«The " primitive mind ", once having grasped the " powers " of the moon, then establishes connections of response and even interchange between the moon and those phenomena.»cómo procede a su juicio la mente primitiva: captadas las fuerzas de la luna, fija correspondencias y aun intercambios entre ella y esos fenómenos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«Thus, for instance, from the earliest times, certainly since the Neolithic Age, with the discovery of agriculture,. the same symbolism has linked together the moon, the sea waters, rain, the fertility of women and of animals, plant life, man's destiny after death and the ceremonies of initiation.»la serie que ese simbolismo une desde el Neolítico: luna, aguas del mar, lluvia, fertilidad de mujeres y animales, vida vegetal, destino tras la muerte y ceremonias de iniciación. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«The mental syntheses made possible by the realization of the moon's rhythms connect and unify very varied realities ; their structural symmetries and the analogies in their workings could never have been seen had not " primitive " man intuitively perceived the moon's law of periodic change, as he did very early on.»lo que esas síntesis permiten: unificar realidades muy diversas cuyas simetrías no se habrían visto sin la intuición de la ley de cambio periódico. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«The moon measures, but it also unifies.»la fórmula breve que da al apartado: la luna mide y también unifica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«Its " forces " or rhythms are what one may call the " lowest common denominator " of an endless number of phenomena and symbols.»cómo llama a sus fuerzas: el mínimo común denominador de un número interminable de fenómenos y símbolos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«The whole universe is seen as a pattern, subject to certain laws. The world is no longer an infinite space filled with the activity of a lot of disconnected autonomous creatures : within that space itself things can be seen to correspond and fit together.»el efecto sobre la imagen del mundo: el universo entero se ve como patrón sujeto a leyes, y las cosas se corresponden dentro del espacio en vez de estar sueltas. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«All tliis, of course, is not the result of a reasoned analysis of reality, but of an ever clearer intuition of it in its totality.»el reparo de método que repite: nada de eso resulta de un análisis razonado de la realidad sino de una intuición cada vez más clara de ella en su totalidad; el troceo imprime *tliis*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«there can be no symbol, ritual or myth of the moon that does not imply all the lunar values known at a given time. There can be no part without the whole.»la regla que formula: no hay símbolo, rito ni mito lunar que no implique todos los valores lunares conocidos en un momento dado, porque no hay parte sin el todo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 175»

«The spiral, for instance, which was taken to be a symbol of the moon as early as the Ice Age, relates to the phases of the moon, but also includes erotic elements springing from the vulva-shell analogy, water elements (the moon=shell), and some to do with fertility (the double volute, horns and so on).»el ejemplo de la espiral: remite a las fases de la luna y arrastra a la vez elementos eróticos por la analogía vulva-concha, acuáticos y de fertilidad. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 175»

«By wearing a pearl as an amulet a woman is united to the powers of water (shell), the moon (the shell a symbol of the moon ; created by the rays of the moon, etc.), eroticism, birth and embryology.»el ejemplo de la perla: quien la lleva queda unida a los poderes del agua, de la luna, del erotismo, del nacimiento y de la embriología. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 175»

«A medicinal plant contains in itself the threefold effectiveness of the moon, the waters and vegetation, even when only one of these powers is explicitly present in the mind of the user.»el ejemplo de la planta medicinal: contiene la triple eficacia de la luna, las aguas y la vegetación aunque el usuario solo tenga presente una

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 175»

«There is no such thing as a symbol, emblem or power with only one kind of meaning. Everything hangs together, everything is connected, and makes up a cosmic whole.»la fórmula con que cierra el apartado: no hay símbolo, emblema ni poder con un solo sentido, todo se sostiene y forma un todo cósmico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 175»

«Such a whole could certainly never be grasped by any mind accustomed to proceeding analytically.»abre §48 con el reparo: un todo así no lo capta una mente habituada a proceder analíticamente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 175»

«To the primitive, a lunar symbol (an amulet or iconographic sign) does not merely contain in itself all the lunar forces at work on every level of the cosmos -but actually, by the power of the ritual involved, places the wearer himself at the centre of those forces, increasing his vitality, making him more real, and guaranteeing him a happier state after death.»lo que un símbolo lunar hace para el primitivo: no solo contiene las fuerzas lunares de todos los niveles, sino que por el rito coloca a quien lo lleva en el centro de esas fuerzas. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 175»

«Where we use the words " because ", and " therefore ", the mind of the primitive man would phrase it perhaps as " in the same way " (for instance, I say : because the moon governs the waters, plants are subject to it, but it would be more correct to say : plants and the waters are subject to it in the same way»la corrección de sintaxis que propone: donde nosotros decimos porque y por tanto, la mente primitiva diría del mismo modo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 176»

«The " powers " of the moon are to be discovered not by means of a succession of analytical exercises, but by intuition ; it reveals itself more and more fully.»cómo se descubren esas fuerzas: no por una sucesión de ejercicios analíticos sino por intuición, en una revelación cada vez más plena

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 176»

«the moon appears and disappears ; the snail shows and withdraws its horns ; the bear appears and disappears with the seasons ; thus, the snail becomes the scene of a lunar theophany, as in the ancient religion of Mexico in which the 1moon god, Tecciztecatl, is shown enclosed in a snail's shell ; 1 it also becomes an amulet, and so on.»la serie de analogías orquestadas por símbolos: la luna aparece y desaparece, el caracol saca y mete los cuernos, el oso aparece y desaparece con las estaciones. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 176»

«The bear becomes the ancestor of the human race, for man, whose life is similar to that of the moon, must have been created out of the very substance or by the magic power of that orb of living reality.»el corolario que extrae: el oso se vuelve antepasado del género humano, porque el hombre, de vida semejante a la lunar, habría sido hecho de la sustancia de ese astro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 176»

«The symbols which get their meaning from the moon are at the same time the moon.»la fórmula que le importa: los símbolos que reciben su sentido de la luna son a la vez la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 176»

«Lightning, too, is a kratophany of the moon, for its brightness recalls that of the moon, and it heralds rain, which is governed by the moon.»el caso del rayo: cratofanía de la luna por su brillo y porque anuncia la lluvia, que la luna gobierna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 176»

«All these symbols, hierophanies, myths, rituals, amulets and the rest, which I call lunar to give them one convenient name, form a whole in the mind of the primitive ; they are bound together by harmonies, analogies, and elements held in common, like one great cosmic " net ", a vast web in which every piece fits and nothing is isolated from the rest.»la imagen con que agrupa lo lunar: una red cósmica, un tejido vasto donde cada pieza encaja y nada queda aislado. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 176»

«If you want to express the multiplicity of lunar hierophanies in a single formula, you may say that they reveal life repeating itself rhythmically.»la fórmula única que propone para todas las hierofanías lunares: revelan la vida que se repite rítmicamente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 176»

«In the primitive mind, the intuition of the cosmic destiny of the moon was equivalent to the first step, the foundation of an anthropology.»lo que esa intuición fundó a su juicio: el primer paso y el fundamento de una antropología

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«Man saw himself reflected in the " life " of the moon ; not simply because his own life carne to an end, like that of all organisms, but because his own thirst for regeneration, his hopes of a " rebirth ", gained confirmation from the fact of there being always a new moon.»por qué el hombre se vio reflejado en la luna: no solo porque su vida acaba, sino porque su sed de regeneración hallaba confirmación en que siempre hubiera luna nueva. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«It does not matter to us a great deal whether, in the innumerable beliefs centring upon the moon, we are dealing with adoration of the moon itself, of a divinity inhabiting it, or of a mythical personification of it.»la abstención que declara: no le importa mucho si en esas creencias se adora la luna misma, una divinidad que la habita o una personificación mítica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«Nowhere in the history of religions do we find an adoration of any natural object in itself.»la regla que enuncia: en ningún sitio de la historia de las religiones hay adoración de un objeto natural en sí mismo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«A sacred thing, whatever its form and substance, is sacred because it reveals or shares in ultimate reality.»la definición que da: una cosa sagrada lo es porque revela la realidad última o participa de ella

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«Every religious object is always an " incarnation " of something : of the sacred (§ 3 ff.). It incarnates it by the quality of its being (as for instance, the sky, the sun, the moon or the earth), or by its form (that is, symbolically : as with the spiral-snail), or by a hierophany (a certain place, a certain stone, etc. becomes sacred ; a certain object is " sanctified " or " consecrated " by a ritual, or by contact with another sacred object or person, and so on).»cómo encarna lo sagrado un objeto religioso: por la cualidad de su ser, por su forma como símbolo, o por una hierofanía que lo consagra. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«Consequently, the moon is no more adored in itself than any other object, but in what it reveals of the sacred, that is, in the power centred in it, in the inexhaustible life and reality that it manifests.»la conclusión sobre la luna: no se la adora más que a otro objeto, sino en lo que revela de lo sagrado y en la vida inagotable que manifiesta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«The sacred reality of the moon was recognized either immediately, in the lunar hierophany itself, or in the forms created by that hierophany over the course of thousands of years-that is in the representations to which it had given birth : personifications, symbols or myths.»cómo se reconoce esa realidad sagrada: de inmediato en la hierofanía misma o en las formas que ella creó a lo largo de milenios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«There is no need even to confine ourselves to evidence that is obviously " sacred ", lunar gods, for example, and the rituals and myths consecrated to them.»el criterio de selección que declara: no hace falta ceñirse a lo obviamente sagrado, a los dioses lunares y sus ritos y mitos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«We can observe the religious character of the moon with as much precision in the symbolism of the pearl or of the lightning as we can by studying a lunar divinity like the Babylonian Sin or the goddess Hecate.»los ejemplos con que lo ilustra: el carácter religioso de la luna se observa con igual precisión en el simbolismo de la perla o del rayo que en el babilonio Sin o en Hécate

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«Both because they are subject to rhythms (rain and tides), and because they sponsor the growth of living things, waters are subject to the moon.»abre §49: las aguas están sujetas a la luna por sus ritmos y porque auspician el crecimiento de lo viviente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«The moon is in the waters " 1 and " rain comes from the moon "2 ; those are two leitmotiven in Indian thought.»los dos leitmotive indios que cita: la luna está en las aguas y la lluvia viene de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«was in primitive times the name of a spirit of vegetation, but was later applied also to the moon and to the nectar of the moon, soma.»el caso de Apam napat, hijo del agua: nombre de un espíritu vegetal que pasó después a la luna y al néctar lunar, el soma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«Ardvisura Anahita, the Iranian goddess of water, was a lunar being ; Sin, the Babylonian moon god, also governed the waters.»los dos casos que alinea: la irania Ardvisura Anahita como ser lunar y el babilonio Sin, que también gobernaba las aguas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«When thou floatest like a boat on the waters . . . the pure river Euphrates is filled with water to the full»el himno a Sin que cita: cuando flotas como una barca sobre las aguas, el puro río Éufrates se llena de agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«One text of the " Langdon Epic " speaks of the place " whence the waters flow from their source, from the moon's reservoir ".»el segundo texto que cita: el lugar de donde manan las aguas desde su fuente, desde el depósito de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«All the moon divinities preserve more or less obvious water attributes or functions.»la regla que extrae: todas las divinidades lunares conservan atributos o funciones acuáticas más o menos evidentes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«One tribe in central Brazil call the moon-god's daughter " Mother of the Waters ".»el ejemplo brasileño: una tribu del centro llama a la hija del dios lunar Madre de las Aguas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«Hieronymo de Chaves said (in 1576), speaking of ancient Mexican beliefs concerning the moon, " the moon makes all things grow and multiply . . . " and " all moisture is governed by it " .»la noticia de Hierónimo de Chaves sobre las creencias mexicanas: la luna hace crecer y multiplicarse todas las cosas y toda humedad se rige por ella

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«The link between the moon and the tides which both the Greeks and the Celts observed, was also known to the Maoris of New Zealand7 and the Eskimos (whose moon divinities govern the tides).»la difusión del vínculo entre luna y mareas: observado por griegos y celtas, conocido también por maoríes y esquimales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«The Germans used to measure time by nights.»el uso germánico que alega: medían el tiempo por noches; el tramo se corta antes de la llamada de nota que el troceo pega al cuerpo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«Traces of this ancient way of reckoning are also preserved in popular European traditions ; certain feasts are celebrated at night as, for instance, Christmas night, Easter, Pentecost, Saint John's Day and so on.»la pervivencia de ese cómputo: ciertas fiestas europeas se celebran de noche, la de Navidad, la Pascua, Pentecostés y San Juan

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 174»

«It is important to keep stressing this fact that every religious act (that is, every act with a meaning) performed by primitive man has a character of totality»el aviso que repite: todo acto religioso del primitivo tiene carácter de totalidad; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 175»

«there is always a danger of our looking upon the functions, powers and attributes of the moon as we discuss them in this chapter in an analytic and cumulative manner.»continuación en la plana siguiente: hay siempre el riesgo de mirar de modo analítico y acumulativo las funciones y atributos de la luna que ahí se exponen

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 176»

«To the primitive mind, I repeat, everything that had a meaning, everything connected»la razón que da para no ceñirse a lo obviamente sagrado; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«with absolute reality, had sacred value.»continuación en la plana siguiente: cuanto se ligaba a la realidad absoluta tenía valor sagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 178»

«From the earliest times it was recognized ·that rainfall followed the phases of the moon.»abre el punto: desde los tiempos más antiguos se reconoció que la lluvia seguía las fases de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 179»

«A whole series of mythical characters, belonging to cultures as varied as the Bushman, Mexican, Australian, Samoyed and Chinese, 1 were marked by their power to cause rain and by having only one foot or only one hand.»la serie de personajes míticos que cita: de culturas tan diversas como la bosquimana, la mexicana, la australiana, la samoyeda y la china, con poder de traer lluvia y con un solo pie o una sola mano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 179»

«Hentze establishes quite fully that they are lunar in essence. And, too, there are numerous moon symbols in all images of them, and all their various rites and myths have a definite lunar character.»lo que atribuye a Hentze: haber establecido el carácter lunar de esos personajes, con símbolos lunares en sus imágenes y en sus ritos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 179»

«all disasters connected with them, on the other hand, display the moon's other aspect, as the periodic destroyer of outworn " forms " and, we may say, of effecting regeneration on the cosmic scale.»el otro rostro de la luna: los desastres del agua muestran a la luna como destructora periódica de formas gastadas y agente de regeneración cósmica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 179»

«Flood corresponds to the three days of darkness, or " death ", of the moon. It is a cataclysm, but never a final one, for it takes place under the seal of the moon and the waters, which are pre-eminently the sign of growth and regeneration.»la equivalencia que fija: el diluvio corresponde a los tres días de oscuridad o muerte de la luna, y nunca es cataclismo final

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 179»

«A flood destroys simply because the " forms " are old and worn out, but it is always followed by a new humanity and a new history»por qué destruye el diluvio: porque las formas están viejas y gastadas, y siempre lo sigue una humanidad nueva y una historia nueva. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 179»

«The vast majority of deluge myths tell how a single individual survived, and how the new race was descended from him.»el rasgo común de los mitos de diluvio: un solo individuo sobrevive y de él desciende la raza nueva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 179»

«So, for instance, one Dyak legend tells how a woman was the only survivor of a flood which followed upon the slaying of an immense boa constrictor, a " lunar animal ", and gave birth to a new humanity by mating with a dog (or, in some variants, with a stick for firing, found next to a dog).»el ejemplo dayak: la única superviviente del diluvio dio a luz una humanidad nueva apareándose con un perro, tras la muerte de una boa, animal lunar. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 179»

«One day all the waters were swallowed by an immense frog, Dak. In vain the parched animals tried to make her laugh. Not until the eel (or serpent) began to roll about and twist itself round did Dak burst out laughing, and the waters thus rushed out and produced the flood.»la versión kurnai del diluvio: la rana Dak se tragó las aguas y al reír por las contorsiones de la anguila las dejó salir

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 179»

«Father Schmidt explains the Australian myth by the fact that the new moon halts the flow of the waters (Oak swallowing them).»la lectura de Schmidt que recoge: la luna nueva detiene el curso de las aguas, que es Dak tragándoselas; el troceo imprime *Oak* por *Dak*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 180»

«who disagrees with Schmidt's interpretation, discerns an erotic meaning in this frog myth ; but that would not, of course, disprove its lunar nature, nor the anthropogonic function of the deluge (which " creates " a new, regenerated, humanity).»la lectura de Winthuis, que discrepa y ve sentido erótico en el mito de la rana, sin que eso quite lo lunar ni la función antropogónica del diluvio. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 180»

«The moon asked man one day for some oppossum skins to wear at night as it was cold, and man refused ; to avenge itself, the moon caused torrents of rain to fall and flood the whole area.»la segunda variante australiana: la luna pidió pieles de zarigüeya al hombre, este se negó, y ella vengó el desaire con lluvias torrenciales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 180»

«However, there is one thing to note with all these catastrophes induced by the moon (most of them provoked by some insult paid to it, or by ignorance of some ritual prohibition-that is, by a " sin " indicating that man is backsliding spiritually, abandoning law and order, putting the rhythms of nature out of joint) : and that is the myth of regeneration, and the appearance of a " new man ".»lo que pide notar en todas esas catástrofes lunares, provocadas casi siempre por un insulto o por la ignorancia de una prohibición: el mito de la regeneración y la aparición de un hombre nuevo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 180»

«That there was a connection between the moon, rain and plant life was realized before the discovery of agriculture.»abre §50: la conexión entre luna, lluvia y vida vegetal se advirtió antes del descubrimiento de la agricultura

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 180»

«The plant world comes from the same source of uruversal fertility, and is subject to the same recurring cycles governed by the moon's movements.»la razón que da: el mundo vegetal viene de la misma fuente de fertilidad universal y sigue los mismos ciclos que rigen los movimientos de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 180»

«One Iranian text says that plants grow by its warmth. 7 Some tribes in Brazil call it " mother of grasses "»los dos testimonios que alinea: un texto iranio dice que las plantas crecen por el calor de la luna, y unas tribus del Brasil la llaman madre de las hierbas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 180»

«French peasants, even to-day, sow at the time of the new moon ; but they prune their trees and pick their vegetables when the moon is on the wane, 2 presumably in order not to go against the rhythm of nature by damaging a living organism when nature's forces are on the upward swing.»el uso campesino francés que consigna: siembran en luna nueva y podan y cosechan en menguante, para no dañar un organismo cuando las fuerzas de la naturaleza suben. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 181»

«The organic connection between the moon and vegetation is so strong that a very large number of fertility gods are also divinities of the moon ; for instance the Egyptian Hathor, Ishtar the Iranian Anaitis, and so on.»la regla que extrae: el vínculo orgánico es tan fuerte que muchísimos dioses de la fertilidad son también divinidades lunares, como Hathor o Ishtar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 181»

«In almost all the gods of vegetation and fecundity there persist lunar attributes or powt.Ts--even when their divine " form " has become completely autonomous.»lo que persiste aun cuando la forma divina se ha vuelto autónoma: atributos o poderes lunares en casi todos los dioses de la vegetación y la fecundidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 181»

«Dionysos is both moon-god and god of vegetation ; Osiris possesses all these at.tributes-moon, water, plant life and agriculture.»los dos casos que alinea: Dioniso es dios lunar y de la vegetación, y Osiris reúne luna, agua, vida vegetal y agricultura

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 181»

«We can discern the moon-water-vegetation pattern particularly clearly in the religious nature of certain beverages of divine origin, such as the Indian soma, and the Iranian haoma ; these were even personified into divinitiesautonomous, though less important than the major gods of the Indo-Iranian pantheon.»dónde ve más clara la tríada luna-agua-vegetación: en el carácter religioso del soma indio y del haoma iranio, personificados en divinidades autónomas. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo. El *divinitiesautonomous* es unión de la raya de fin de renglón: lo impreso es *divinities—autonomous*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 181»

«And in this divine liquor which confers immortality on all who drink it, we can recognize the sacredness that centres round the moon, water and vegetation.»lo que ese licor divino reúne: la sacralidad que gira en torno a la luna, el agua y la vegetación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 181»

«It is supremely the " divine substance ", for it transmutes life into absolute reality-or immortality.»la fórmula que le da: es por excelencia la sustancia divina, porque transmuta la vida en realidad absoluta, esto es en inmortalidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 181»

«all have a celestial prototype drunk only by gods and heroes, but there is a similar power in earthly drinks too-in the soma the Indians drank in Vedic times, in the wine of the Dionysiac orgies.»la doble serie que traza: amrita, ambrosía, soma y haoma tienen prototipo celeste que solo beben dioses y héroes, y hay poder semejante en las bebidas terrestres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 181»

«Sacred inebriation makes it possible to share-though fleetinilY and imperfectly-in the divine mode of being ; it achieves, in fact, the paradox of at once possessing the fulness of eXistence, and becoming ; of being at once dynamic and static.»lo que la embriaguez sagrada logra: participar fugaz e imperfectamente del modo de ser divino, poseer a la vez la plenitud del existir y el devenir. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 181»

«The metaphysical role of the moon is to live and yet remain immortal, to undergo death, but as a rest and regeneration, never as a conclusion.»el papel metafísico que atribuye a la luna: vivir y sin embargo permanecer inmortal, sufrir la muerte como descanso y regeneración y nunca como conclusión

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 181»

«In either case we are faced with an ultimate reality, a source of power and of life from which all living forms spring, either of its substance, or as a result of its blessing.»la fórmula común a los dos casos: una realidad última, fuente de poder y de vida de la que salen todas las formas vivientes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 182»

«The connections seen between the different cosmic levels that the moon governs-rain, plant life, animal and human fecundity, the souls of the dead-enter into even as primitive a religion as that of the Pygmies of Africa.»el ejemplo con que ilustra ese sistema de conexiones: la religión de los pigmeos de África, que llama primitiva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 182»

«Their feast of the new moon takes place a little before the rainy season. The moon, which they call Pe, is held to be the " principle of generation, and the mother 6f fecundity ".»la fiesta pigmea de la luna nueva, poco antes de la estación de lluvias, con la luna Pe tenida por principio de generación y madre de la fecundidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 182»

«The feast of the new moon is reserved exclusively for the women, just as the feast of the sun is celebrated exclusively by the men.»el reparto por sexos que consigna: la fiesta de la luna nueva es solo de las mujeres y la del sol solo de los hombres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 182»

«Because the moon is both " mother and the refuge of ghosts " the women honour it by smearing themselves with clay and vegetable juices, thus becoming white like ghosts and moonlight.»el rito que describe: las mujeres se untan de arcilla y jugos vegetales hasta quedar blancas como fantasmas y como la luz de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 182»

«The moon, " mother of living things ", is asked to keep away the souls of the dead and to bring fertility, to give the tribe a lot of children, and fish, game and fruit.»lo que se pide a la luna en esa fiesta: que aparte las almas de los muertos y traiga fertilidad, hijos, pesca, caza y frutos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 182»

«The fertility of animals, as well as that of plants, is subject to the moon.»abre §51: la fertilidad de los animales, como la de las plantas, está sujeta a la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 182»

«The relationship between the moon and fecundity occasionally becomes somewhat complicated owing to the appearance of new religious " forms "-like the Earth-Mother, and the various agricultural divinities.»el reparo que pone: esa relación se complica a veces con la aparición de formas religiosas nuevas, la Madre Tierra y las divinidades agrícolas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 182»

«The horns of oxen, for instance, which are used to characterize the great divinities of fecundity, are an emblem of the divine Magna Mater.»el emblema que aduce: los cuernos de buey que caracterizan a las grandes divinidades de la fecundidad son emblema de la divina Magna Mater

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 183»

«Clearly the ox's horn became a symbol of the moon because it brings to mind a crescent ; therefore both horns together represent two crescents, or the complete career of the moon.»la cita de Hentze que aduce: el cuerno se volvió símbolo de la luna porque recuerda una media luna, y los dos cuernos juntos figuran la carrera completa del astro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 183»

«And also in the iconography of the prehistoric Chinese cultures of Kansu and Yang-kao you will often find symbols of the moon and symbols of fertility together-stylized horns are framed by a pattern of lightning-flashes (signifying the rain and the moon) and lozenges (which are a symbol of ferninin ity).»el dato iconográfico chino: en Kansu y Yang-kao los cuernos estilizados van enmarcados por rayos, que significan lluvia y luna, y por rombos de feminidad. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 183»

«Certain animals become symbols or even " presences " of the moon because their shape or their behaviour is reminiscent of the moon's.»la regla de los animales lunares: lo son por su forma o su conducta, que recuerdan a la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 183»

«So with the snail which goes in and out of its shell ; the bear, which disappears in midwinter and reappears in the spring»los primeros ejemplos de esa serie: el caracol que entra y sale de su concha y el oso que desaparece en pleno invierno y reaparece en primavera. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 183»

«the snake, because it appears and disappears, and because it has as many coils as the moon has days (this legend is also preserved in Greek tradition) ; 4 or because it is " the husband of all women ", or because it sloughs its skin (that is to say, is periodically reǎorn, is " immortal "), and so on.»las razones que da para la serpiente: aparece y desaparece, tiene tantos anillos como días la luna, es el marido de todas las mujeres y muda de piel. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 183»

«The symbolism of the snake is somewhat confusing, but all the symbols are directed to the same central idea : it is immortal because it is continually reborn, and therefore it is a moon " force ", and as such can bestow fecundity, knowledge (that is, prophecy) and even immortality.»la idea central a la que reduce ese simbolismo confuso: la serpiente es inmortal porque renace sin cesar, y por eso es fuerza lunar que da fecundidad, conocimiento e inmortalidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 183»

«There are innumerable myths telling the disastrous story of how the serpent stole the immortality given to man by his god.»el grupo de mitos que consigna: los que cuentan cómo la serpiente robó al hombre la inmortalidad que su dios le había dado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 183»

«In the first place, its connection with women and with fecundity : the moon is the source of all fertility, and also governs the menstrual cycle.»la primera conexión de la serpiente que examina: con la mujer y la fecundidad, porque la luna es fuente de toda fertilidad y rige el ciclo menstrual

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 184»

«A great many peoples used to think-and some think it to this day-that the moon, in the form of a man, or a serpent, copulates with their women.»la creencia que consigna: la luna, en forma de hombre o de serpiente, copula con las mujeres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 184»

«That is why, among the Eskimos for instance, unmarried girls will not look at the moon for fear of becoming pregnant.»el uso esquimal que se deriva: las muchachas solteras no miran la luna por miedo a quedar preñadas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 184»

«The Australians believe that the moon comes down to earth in the form of a sort of Don Juan, makes women pregnant and then deserts them.»la creencia australiana: la luna baja a la tierra como una suerte de don Juan, preña a las mujeres y las abandona

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 184»

«Since the serpent is an epiphany of the moon, it fulfills the same function. Even to-day it is said in the Abruzzi that the serpent copulates with all women.»la transferencia que traza: como la serpiente es epifanía de la luna, cumple la misma función, y en los Abruzos se dice aún que copula con todas las mujeres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 184»

«Alexander the Great's mother, Olympia, played with snakes. 5 The famous Aratus of Sicyon was said to be a son of Aesculapius because, according to Pausanias, 6 his mother had conceived him of a serpent.»los ejemplos grecolatinos: Olimpia jugaba con serpientes, y Arato de Sición pasaba por hijo de Esculapio porque su madre lo concibió de una serpiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 184»

«tell how the mother of Augustus conceived from the embrace of a serpent in Apollo's temple.»el ejemplo romano que cita de Suetonio y Dion Casio: la madre de Augusto concibió del abrazo de una serpiente en el templo de Apolo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 184»

«In Germany, France, Portugal and elsewhere, women used to be afraid that a snake would slip into their mouths when they were asleep, and they would become pregnant, particularly during menstruation.»la creencia europea que consigna: las mujeres temían que una serpiente se les metiera en la boca dormidas y quedar preñadas, sobre todo durante la menstruación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 184»

«All over the East it was believed that woman's first sexual contact was with a snake, at puberty or during men»la creencia oriental: el primer contacto sexual de la mujer era con una serpiente, en la pubertad o durante la menstruación. El tramo se corta en el guion de fin de renglón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 184»

«declares that the Hebrews believed that snakes mated with unmarried girls ; and we also find this belief in Japan.»los dos testimonios que alinea: Claudio Eliano sobre la creencia hebrea de que las serpientes se apareaban con doncellas, y la misma creencia en Japón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 185»

«A Persian tradition says that after the first woman had been seduced by the serpent, she immediately began to menstruate. 5 And it was said by the rabbis that menstruation was the result of Eve's relations with the serpent in the Garden of Eden.»las dos tradiciones que cita sobre el origen de la menstruación: la persa, tras la seducción de la primera mujer, y la rabínica, por el trato de Eva con la serpiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 185»

«Certainly the menstrual cycle helps to explain the spread of the belief that the moon is the first mate of all women.»lo que el ciclo menstrual explica a su juicio: la difusión de la creencia en la luna como primera pareja de todas las mujeres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 185»

«The Papoos thought menstruation was a proof that women and girls were connected with the moon, but in their iconography (sculptures on wood) they pictured reptiles emerging from their genital organs, 8 which confirms that snakes and the moon are identified.»el dato papú: la menstruación señalaba el vínculo de las mujeres con la luna, y su iconografía muestra reptiles saliendo de los genitales, lo que afianza la identificación. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 185»

«Among the Chiriguanoes, various fumigations and purifications are performed after a woman's first menstrual period, and after that the women of the house drive away every snake they come upon, as responsible for this evil.»el uso chiriguano: tras la primera menstruación se hacen fumigaciones y purificaciones y las mujeres de la casa ahuyentan a toda serpiente por responsable del mal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 185»

«Its phallic character, which Crawley was one of the first ethnologists to demonstrate, 10 far from excluding its connection with the moon, only confirms it.»el reparo que opone a una lectura puramente fálica: el carácter fálico de la serpiente, que Crawley sostuvo, no excluye su conexión con la luna sino que la afianza

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 185»

«The moon then can also be personified as reptile and masculine, but such personifications (which often break away from the original pattern and follow a path of their own in myth and legend), are still fundamentally based on the notion of the moon as source of living reality, and basis of all fertility and periodic regeneration.»abre §52: la luna puede personificarse como reptil y como masculino, y esas personificaciones siguen fundadas en la luna como fuente de realidad viva y de regeneración periódica. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 186»

«In India, from Buddhist times (cf. the Jatakas), snakes were held to .be the givers of all fertility (water, treasures ; cf. 71).»el dato indio: desde tiempos budistas las serpientes se tenían por dadoras de toda fertilidad, del agua y de los tesoros

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 186»

«There are a great many different woman-snake relationships, but none of them can be fully explained by any purely erotic symbolism.»el reparo que repite: ninguna de las muchas relaciones entre mujer y serpiente se explica del todo por un simbolismo erótico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«The snake has a variety of meanings, and I think we must hold its " regeneration " to be one of the most important. The snake is an animal that " changes ".»lo que tiene por uno de los sentidos más importantes: la regeneración, porque la serpiente es un animal que cambia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«The Mediterranean deities are represented with snakes in their hands (the Arcadian Artemis, Hecate, Persephone and so on), or with snakes for hair (the Gorgon, Erinyes and others).»el dato iconográfico mediterráneo: las deidades aparecen con serpientes en las manos o con serpientes por cabellos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«And there are some central European superstitions to the effect that if, when a woman is under the moon's influence (that is, when she is menstruating), you pull out some of her hair and bury it, the hairs will tum into snakes.»la superstición centroeuropea que consigna: los cabellos de una mujer menstruante, arrancados y enterrados, se vuelven serpientes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«One Breton legend says that the hair of a witch turns into snakes.»la leyenda bretona paralela: el cabello de una bruja se vuelve serpientes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«This cannot therefore happen to ordinary women, except when under the influence of the moon, when sharing in the magic power of " change ".»la lectura que da de ese par de creencias: a la mujer común solo le ocurre bajo el influjo de la luna, cuando participa del poder mágico del cambio

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«There is a great deal of ethnological evidence to show that witchcraft is a thing bestowed by the moon (either directly, or through the intermediary of snakes).»lo que la etnología muestra a su juicio: la brujería es don de la luna, directo o por mediación de las serpientes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«To the Chinese, for instance, snakes are at the bottom of all magic power, while the Hebrew and Arabic words for magic come from words that mean " snakes " .»los dos datos que alinea: para los chinos las serpientes están en el fondo de todo poder mágico, y las voces hebrea y árabe para magia vienen de palabras que significan serpientes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«Because snakes are " lunar "-that is, eternal-and live underground, embodying (among many other things) the souls of the dead, they know all secrets, are the source of all wisdom, and can foresee the future.»la cadena de atributos que deriva: por lunares, eternas y subterráneas, las serpientes encarnan las almas de los muertos, saben todos los secretos y prevén el futuro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«As an attribute of the Great Goddess, the snake keeps its lunar character (of periodic regeneration) in addition to a telluric one.»lo que la serpiente conserva como atributo de la Gran Diosa: su carácter lunar de regeneración periódica, sumado a uno telúrico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 188»

«At one stage the moon was identified with the earth and itself considered the origin of all living forms»el estadio que consigna: la luna se identificó con la tierra y se tuvo por origen de todas las formas vivientes. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 188»

«Some races even believe that the earth and the moon are formed of the same substance.»el dato que lo apoya: algunos pueblos creen que la tierra y la luna están hechas de la misma sustancia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 188»

«And because these goddesses are also funeral goddesses (the dead disappear into the ground or into the moon to be reborn and reappear under new forms), the snake becomes very specially the animal of death and burial, embodying the souls of the dead, the ancestor of the tribe, etc.»por qué la serpiente es el animal de la muerte y del sepulcro: porque esas diosas son también funerarias y los muertos van a la tierra o a la luna para renacer

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 188»

«And this symbolism of regeneration also explains the presence of snakes in initiation ceremonies.»lo último que ese simbolismo explica: la presencia de serpientes en las ceremonias de iniciación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 188»

«You can reduce any religious system to nothing by methodically breaking it down to its component parts and studying them.»el aviso de método que da: cualquier sistema religioso se reduce a nada si se lo descompone metódicamente en sus partes para estudiarlas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 188»

«In reality, all the meanings in a symbol are present together, even when it may look as if only some of them are effective.»lo que sostiene en cambio: todos los sentidos de un símbolo están presentes a la vez, aunque parezca que solo algunos operan

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 188»

«many legends speak of a frog to be seen in the moon, 1 and it is always present in the innumerable rites for inducing rain.»continuación en la plana siguiente: la rana está presente en los innumerables ritos para inducir la lluvia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 180»

«However, there is one aspect of the moon that remains permanently evident, however many religious syntheses have gone towards making up these new " forms "»lo que permanece evidente pese a esas síntesis religiosas: un aspecto de la luna; el tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 182»

«The two together undoubtedly have an erotic meaning, but the coexistence of the snake (phallus) and lozenges also expresses an idea of dualism and reintegration which is a supremely lunar notion, for we find that same motif in the lunar imagery of " rain ", of " light and darkness "»la lectura que propone del par serpiente y rombo: además de lo erótico expresa una idea de dualismo y reintegración que llama supremamente lunar; el tramo se corta donde el troceo reemite la marca de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 186»

«A mass of beliefs in present day India evince the beneficent and fertilizing power of snakes»lo que las creencias indias de hoy atestiguan: el poder benéfico y fecundante de las serpientes; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 186»

«prevent women from being sterile and ensure that they will have a large number of children.»continuación en la plana siguiente: libran a las mujeres de la esterilidad y les aseguran prole numerosa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«Anyone, therefore, who eats a snake becomes conversant with the language of animals, and particularly of birds (a symbol which can also have a metaphysical meaning : access to the transcendent reality»la creencia que de ahí se sigue: quien come serpiente entiende la lengua de los animales y sobre todo de las aves, símbolo que puede tener sentido metafísico de acceso a la realidad trascendente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 187»

«What emerges fairly clearly from all this varied symbolism of snakes is their lunar character-that is, their powers of»abre §53 con el balance: de todo ese simbolismo se desprende el carácter lunar de la serpiente; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 188»

«cosmological, magic or religious, are explained by its modality of being : by the fact that it is " living ", and inexhaustible in its own regeneration.»continuación en la plana siguiente de la frase sobre los valores de la luna: quedan explicados por su modalidad de ser, por ser viviente e inagotable en su propia regeneración

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 177»

«which man is trying to conquer for himself in all the rites, symbols and myths-rites, symbols and myths in which, as we have seen, the sacred values of the moon exist together with those of water and of vegetation, whether the latter derive their sacredness from the moon, or constitute autonomous hierophanies.»continuación en la plana siguiente: el hombre persigue ese destino en ritos, símbolos y mitos donde los valores sagrados de la luna van junto a los del agua y la vegetación. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 182»

«recurring creation, of inexhaustible life.»continuación en la plana siguiente: la prerrogativa que permanece es la de la fertilidad, de la creación recurrente y de la vida inagotable

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 183»

«myth in which the serpent (or a sea monster) guarded the sacred spring and the spring of immortality (the Tree of Life, the Fountain of Youth, the Golden Apples).»continuación en la plana siguiente: el mito primitivo donde la serpiente guardaba la fuente sagrada y la de la inmortalidad, el Árbol de la Vida, la Fuente de la Juventud, las Manzanas de Oro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 184»

«through metamorphosis. We could, of course, look at a series of their attributes or functions and conclude that all these various relationships and significations have developed one from another by some»continuación del balance del §53 en la plana siguiente: los poderes de la serpiente son de fertilidad, de regeneración y de inmortalidad por metamorfosis; el troceo funde la palabra partida por el guion

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 188»

«It is not always easy to find the centre of such a " web " ; secondary centres will sometimes stand out, looking like the most important, or perhaps the oldest starting point.»la dificultad que declara sobre esa red de sentidos: no siempre es fácil hallar el centro, y los centros secundarios parecen a veces el más importante

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 189»

«Thus the erotic symbolism of snakes has in its turn " woven " a system of meanings and associations which in some cases at least push its lunar connections into the background.»el ejemplo que da: el simbolismo erótico de las serpientes tejió a su vez un sistema que en algunos casos arrincona sus conexiones lunares

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 189»

«What in fact we are faced with is a series of threads running parallel to or across each other, all fitting together, some connected directly with the " centre " on which they all depend, others developing within their own systems.»la imagen con que describe el conjunto: hilos paralelos o cruzados que encajan, unos unidos al centro del que dependen y otros desarrollados en sistemas propios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 189»

«Thus the whole pattern is moon-rain-fertility-womanserpent-death-periodic-regeneration, but we may be dealing with one of the patterns within a pattern such as SerpentWoman-Fertility, or Serpent-Rain-Fertility, or perhaps WomanSerpent-Magic, and so on.»el patrón entero que enuncia y sus subpatrones: luna, lluvia, fertilidad, mujer, serpiente, muerte y regeneración periódica. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *womanserpent* por *woman-serpent*, *SerpentWoman* por *Serpent-Woman*, *WomanSerpent* por *Woman-Serpent*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 189»

«A lot of mythology has grown up around these secondary " centres ", and if one does not realize this, it may overshadow the original pattern, though that pattern is, in fact, fully implicated in even the tiniest fragments.»el aviso que da sobre esos centros secundarios: la mitología crecida en torno a ellos puede tapar el patrón original, que sin embargo está entero en el fragmento más pequeño

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 189»

«Innumerable legends and myths show snakes or dragons governing the clouds, dwelling in pools and keeping the world supplied with water.»lo que muestran esos mitos: serpientes o dragones que gobiernan las nubes, moran en pozas y mantienen abastecido de agua al mundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 189»

«The link between snakes and springs and streams has been kept to this day in the popular beliefs of Europe.»la pervivencia que consigna: el vínculo entre serpientes, manantiales y arroyos se conserva hoy en las creencias populares de Europa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 189»

«for instance, the Mexican rain-god, Tlaloc, is represented by an emblem of two snakes twisted together»el dato iconográfico amerindio: el dios mexicano de la lluvia, Tlaloc, se representa por un emblema de dos serpientes entrelazadas. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 189»

«a snake wounded by an arrow means rainfall ;4 the Dresden Codex shows water in a vessel shaped like a reptile ; 5 the Codex-Tro-Cortesianus6 shows water flowing from a vase in the shape of a snake»los otros ejemplos de códices que alinea: la serpiente herida por una flecha significa lluvia y el agua sale de un vaso en forma de serpiente. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 189»

«researches1 have quite conclusively proved that this symbolism is based on the fact that the moon supplies the rains.»lo que atribuye a las investigaciones de Hentze: haber probado que ese simbolismo se funda en que la luna provee las lluvias

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 190»

«in India, for instance, the annual ceremony of venerating the snake (sarpabali), as it is given in the Grhyasiitras, lasts for four months ; it starts at the full moon in Sraval)a (the first month of the rainy season) and finishes at the full moon in Miirgasirǐa (the first month of winter).»el rito indio del sarpabali: dura cuatro meses, de la luna llena de Sravana a la de Margasirsa, esto es de la primera lluvia al primer mes de invierno. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 190»

«Yet it is not quite right to think of them as three separate elements : it is a triple repetition, a " concentration " of the moon, for the rain and the snakes are not merely things that follow the rhythms of the moon, but are in fact of the same substance.»la corrección que hace sobre esos tres elementos: no son tres cosas separadas sino una triple repetición, una concentración de la luna, porque lluvia y serpientes son de su misma sustancia. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 190»

«Like every sacred thing, and every symbol, these waters and snakes achieve that paradox of being at once themselves and something other-in this case the moon.»la paradoja que repite: como toda cosa sagrada y todo símbolo, esas aguas y esas serpientes son a la vez ellas mismas y algo otro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 190»

«the moon is the first of the dead.»abre §54 con la fórmula que toma de Seler: la luna es el primero de los muertos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 190»

«For three nights the sky is dark ; but as the moon is reborn on the fourth night, so shall the dead achieve a new sort of existence.»la analogía que extrae: como la luna renace a la cuarta noche, así los muertos alcanzarán una existencia nueva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 190»

«Death, as we shall see later, is not an extinction, but a change-and generally a provisional one-of one's level of existence. Death belongs to another kind of " life ".»la definición de muerte que adelanta: no extinción sino cambio, y por lo común provisional, de nivel de existencia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 190»

«the dead either go to the moon or return to the underworld to be regenerated and to absorb the forces needed to start a new existence.»lo que de ahí se sigue: los muertos van a la luna o vuelven al inframundo para regenerarse y absorber las fuerzas de una existencia nueva. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 190»

«That is why so many lunar divinities are in addition chthonian and funereal divinities (Min, Persephone, probably Hermes, and so on).»lo que eso explica: que tantas divinidades lunares sean además ctónicas y funerarias, como Min, Perséfone y probablemente Hermes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 190»

«Sometimes the privilege of repose on the moon after death is reserved to political or religious leaders ; that is what the Guaycurus believe, and the Polynesians of Tokelau and others.»el reparto que consigna: a veces el reposo en la luna se reserva a los jefes políticos o religiosos, como entre los guaycurúes y los polinesios de Tokelau

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 190»

«To the Indians, it is the " path of the manes " (pitryiina), and souls reposed in the moon while awaiting reincarnation, whereas the sun road or " path of the gods " (devayiina) was taken by the initiated, or those set free from the illusions of ignorance.»el caso indio: la vía de los manes, donde las almas reposan en la luna esperando reencarnarse, frente a la vía de los dioses, que toman los iniciados

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 191»

«In Iranian tradition, the souls of the dead, having passed the Cinvat bridge, went towards the stars, and if they had been good they went to the moon and then into the sun, and the most virtuous of all entered the garotman, the infinite light of Ahura Mazda.»el caso iranio: pasado el puente Cinvat las almas van a los astros, los buenos a la luna y luego al sol, y los más virtuosos a la luz infinita de Ahura Mazda. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 191»

«Pythagorism gave astral theology a further impulse by popularizing the idea of the empyrean : the Elysian Fields, where heroes and Caesars went after death, were in the moon.»el caso pitagórico: dio impulso a la teología astral popularizando el empíreo, con los Campos Elíseos situados en la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 191»

«The " Isles of the Blessed ", and all the mythical geography of death, were set in the sky utilizing the moon, the sun, the Milky Way.»cómo se situó la geografía mítica de la muerte: en el cielo, valiéndose de la luna, el sol y la Vía Láctea

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 191»

«Here, of course, we have clearly got forrnulre and cults impregnated with astronomical speculation and eschatological gnosis.»el reparo que pone sobre esas formulaciones: están impregnadas de especulación astronómica y de gnosis escatológica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 191»

«But even in such late developments as that it is not hard to identify the traditional key ideas : the moon as land of the dead, the moon as receiver and regenerator of souls.»y lo que aun así se identifica en ellas: las ideas clave tradicionales, la luna como tierra de los muertos y como receptora y regeneradora de las almas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 191»

«The soul rested in the moon, but as in the Upaniɢad tradition, only to await reincarnation, and a return to the round of life.»el papel del estadio lunar: el alma reposa en la luna, pero solo para esperar la reencarnación y volver a la rueda de la vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 191»

«That is why the moon has the chief place in forming organisms, but also in breaking them apart : " Omnia animantium corpora et concepta procreat et generata dissolvit.»la doble función que cita en latín: la luna tiene el lugar principal en formar los organismos y también en deshacerlos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 191»

«Its task is to " reabsorb " forms and recreate them. Only what is beyond the moon is beyond becoming : " Supra lunam sunt aeterna»la tarea que le asigna y su límite: reabsorber las formas y recrearlas, porque solo lo que está más allá de la luna escapa al devenir. El tramo se corta antes del renglón siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 191»

«who believed man to be made up of three parts, body (soma), soul (psyche), and mind (nous), this meant that the souls of the just were purified in the moon while their bodies were given back to the earth and their minds to the sun.»la tripartición de Plutarco que expone: cuerpo, alma y mente, con las almas de los justos purificadas en la luna, los cuerpos devueltos a la tierra y las mentes al sol

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 192»

«To the duality of soul and mind correspond the two different itineraries after death to the moon and sun, rather like the UpaniǢad tradition of the " path of souls " and the " path of the gods ".»la correspondencia que traza: a la dualidad de alma y mente responden los dos itinerarios tras la muerte, a la luna y al sol, como la vía de las almas y la de los dioses en las Upanisads

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 192»

«The path of souls is a lunar one because the " soul " has not the light of reason, or in other words, because man has not come to know the ultimate metaphysical reality : Brahman.»la razón que da: la vía de las almas es lunar porque el alma carece de la luz de la razón, esto es porque el hombre no ha conocido a Brahman

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 192»

«Plutarch wrote that man had two deaths : the first took place on earth, in the domain of Demeter, when the body became cut off from the psyche and the nous and returned to dust»la primera de las dos muertes según Plutarco: en la tierra, en el dominio de Deméter, cuando el cuerpo se separa de la psique y el nous. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 192»

«the second takes place in the moon, in the domain of Persephone, when the psyche separates from the nous and returns into the moon's substance.»la segunda muerte: en la luna, en el dominio de Perséfone, cuando la psique se separa del nous y vuelve a la sustancia lunar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 192»

«The soul, or psyche, remains in the moon, though holding on to dreams and memories of life for some time.»lo que queda del alma en la luna: retiene por un tiempo los sueños y los recuerdos de la vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 192»

«The righteous are soon reabsorbed ; the souls which have been ambitious, self-willed, or too fond of their own bodies are constantly drawn towards earth and it is a long time before they can be reabsorbed.»el reparto que consigna: los justos se reabsorben pronto, y las almas ambiciosas o demasiado apegadas a su cuerpo tardan mucho

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 192»

«The process of birth is the exact reverse : 4 the moon receives sun from the nous, and, corning to fruition there, it gives birth to a new soul.»el proceso inverso del nacimiento: la luna recibe del nous y, madurado ahí, da a luz un alma nueva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 192»

«Note the symbolism of the moon rendered fertile by the sun, and its relation to the regeneration of the nous and psyche, the first integration of the human personality.»lo que pide notar: el simbolismo de la luna fecundada por el sol y su relación con la regeneración del nous y la psique, primera integración de la personalidad humana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 192»

«thinks that the dividing of the mind into nous and psyche comes from the East and is Semitic in nature, and he reminds us that the Jews believed in a " vegetative soul " (nephesh), which continued to dwell on earth for some time and a " spiritual soul " (ruah) which departed from the body»la tesis de Cumont que recoge: la división de la mente en nous y psique vendría de Oriente y sería semítica, con el paralelo judío de nephesh y ruah. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 192»

«It may be objected to this hypothesis that this duality in the soul and its destiny after death is to be found, in embryo at least, in the oldest Hellenic traditions. Plato held both the duality of the soul (Phaedo) and its separation later into three.»la objeción que le opone: esa dualidad del alma y su destino ya está en germen en las tradiciones helénicas más antiguas, y Platón sostuvo las dos cosas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 193»

«With regard to the astral eschatology, the successive journeys of nous and psyche and its elements from moon to sun and back cannot be found in the Timaeus, and probably comes from some Semitic influence.»lo que sí concede: los viajes sucesivos de nous y psique entre luna y sol no están en el Timeo y vienen probablemente de influencia semítica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 193»

«But what we are specially concerned with at the moment is the conception of the moon as the dwelling-place of the souls of the dead, which we find expressed iconographically in the carvings of the Assyrians and Babylonians, the Phoenicians, the Hittites and the Anatolians, and which was later used in funeral monuments all over the Roman Empire.»lo que le interesa del asunto: la concepción de la luna como morada de las almas de los muertos, atestiguada en los relieves asirios, fenicios, hititas y anatolios. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 193»

«Everywhere in Europe the half-moon is to be found as a funeral symbol.»el dato europeo: la media luna se halla por toda Europa como símbolo funerario

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 193»

«This does not mean that it came in with the Roman and Eastern religions fashionable under the Empire ; for in Gaul for instance, 6 the moon was a local symbol in use long before any contact with the Romans.»el reparo cronológico que pone: no llegó con las religiones romanas y orientales de moda bajo el Imperio, porque en la Galia era símbolo local anterior

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 193»

«The " fashion " merely brought primitive notions up to date by formulating in new language a tradition older than history.»lo que la moda hizo a su juicio: poner al día nociones primitivas formulando en lengua nueva una tradición más vieja que la historia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 193»

«Death, however, is not final-for the moon's death is not. " As the moon dieth and cometh to life again, so we also, having to die, will again rise,"»abre §55 con el testimonio de los indios de Juan Capistrano en la luna nueva: como la luna muere y vuelve a la vida, así también nosotros resucitaremos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 193»

«From either ignorance or ill-will, the " messenger " conveys the exact opposite, and declares that man, unlike the moon, will never live again once he is dead.»el giro del mito: el mensajero, por ignorancia o malicia, transmite lo contrario y declara que el hombre no revivirá

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 194»

«It justifies the concrete fact that man dies, as well as the existence of initiation ceremonies.»lo que ese mito justifica: el hecho concreto de que el hombre muere y la existencia de las ceremonias de iniciación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 194»

«Even within the framework of Christian apologetics, the phases of the moon provide a good exemplar for our belief in resurrection. " Luna per omnes menses nascitur, crescit, perficitur, minuitur, consumitur, innovatur," wrote Saint Augustine. " Quod in luna per menses, hoc in resurrectione semel in toto tempore.»la cita de san Agustín que aduce: lo que en la luna ocurre cada mes, en la resurrección ocurre una vez en todo el tiempo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 194»

«It is therefore quite easy to understand the role of the moon in initiations, which consist precisely in undergoing a ritual death followed by a " rebirth ", by which the initiate takes on his true personality as a " new man ".»lo que de ahí se entiende: el papel de la luna en las iniciaciones, que consisten en una muerte ritual seguida de un renacer como hombre nuevo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 194»

«In Australian initiations, the " dead man " (that is, the neophyte), rises from a tomb as the moon rises from darkness.»el ejemplo australiano: el muerto, esto es el neófito, se alza de una tumba como la luna se alza de la oscuridad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 194»

«Among the Koryaks of north-eastern Siberia, the Gilyaks, Tlingits, Tongas and Haidas, a bear-a " lunar animal " because it appears and disappears with the seasons-is present in the initiation ceremonies, just as it played an essential part in the ceremonies of Paleolithic times.»el ejemplo siberiano y noroccidental americano: el oso, animal lunar por aparecer y desaparecer con las estaciones, está en las iniciaciones como ya en el Paleolítico. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 194»

«The Pomo Indians of Northern California have their candidates initiated by the Grizzly Bear, which " kills " them and " makes a hole " in their backs with its claws. They are undressed, then dressed in new clothes, and they then spend four days in the forest while ritual secrets are revealed to them.»el rito pomo: el Oso Pardo mata al candidato y le abre un agujero en la espalda, lo desnudan y visten de nuevo y pasa cuatro días en el bosque. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 194»

«In certain of the shaman initiation ceremonies, the candidate is " broken in pieces " 2 just as the moon is divided into parts»el rasgo chamánico: el candidato es despedazado como la luna se divide en partes. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«We find the same archetypal model in the osirian initiations. According to the tradition recorded by Plutarch, 4 Osiris ruled for twentyeight years and was killed on the seventeenth of the month, when the moon was on the wane.»el mismo modelo en las iniciaciones osirianas, según Plutarco: Osiris reinó veintiocho años y murió el día diecisiete, con la luna menguante. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *twentyeight* por *twenty-eight*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«The coffin in which Isis had hidden him was discovered by Set when he was hunting by moonlight ; Set divided Osiris' body into fourteen and scattered the pieces throughout Egypt.»el desmembramiento de Osiris: Set halló el ataúd cazando a la luz de la luna y dividió el cuerpo en catorce partes por todo Egipto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«The ritual emblem of the dead god is in the shape of the new moon. There is clearly an analogy between death and initiation.»los dos datos con que cierra: el emblema ritual del dios muerto tiene forma de luna nueva, y hay analogía clara entre muerte e iniciación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«there is such a close analogy between the Greek words for dying and initiating.»la observación de Plutarco que cita: hay analogía estrecha entre las palabras griegas para morir y para iniciar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«If mystical initiation is achieved through a ritual death, then death can be looked upon as an initiation.»el corolario que extrae: si la iniciación mística se logra por una muerte ritual, la muerte puede mirarse como iniciación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«Plutarch calls the souls that attain to the upper part of the moon " victorious ", and they wear the same crown on their heads as the initiate and the triumphant.»el dato que añade: Plutarco llama victoriosas a las almas que alcanzan la parte alta de la luna, y les da la corona del iniciado y del triunfador

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«Becoming " is the lunar order of things.»abre §56 con la fórmula del apartado: el devenir es el orden lunar de las cosas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«But the formulre used to express that " becoming " are heterogeneous on the surface only.»el reparo que pone: las fórmulas de ese devenir solo son heterogéneas en la superficie

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«Sometimes the ceremonial will re-enact the phases of the moon as a whole, as does for instance the Indian puja introduced by Tantrism.»el ejemplo ritual que da, con la tradición nombrada: la puja india introducida por el tantrismo reactúa las fases de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 196»

«The goddess Tripurasundari must, says one Tantric text, 1 be considered as actually being in the moon.»lo que manda el texto tántrico que cita: la diosa Tripurasundari ha de ser considerada como estando de veras en la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 196»

«One Tantric writer, Bhaskara Raja, states definitely that the goddess' puja must begin on the first day of the new moon, and last for the whole fifteen days of moonlight ; this calls for sixteen Brahmans, each representing one aspect of the goddess (that is, one phase of the moon, one tithi).»la prescripción de Bhaskara Raya: la puja empieza en la luna nueva y dura los quince días de luz, con dieciséis brahmanes por las dieciséis fases. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 196»

«notes quite rightly that the presence of the Brahmans can only be a recent innovation, and that in the primitive pujii, other figures rep;-esented the " becoming " of the moon goddess.»el reparo de Tucci que recoge: la presencia de los brahmanes solo puede ser innovación reciente y en la puja primitiva otras figuras representaban el devenir de la diosa lunar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 196»

«we find the description of the traditional cerevǣny, kumari-pujii, or " the adoration of a maiden ".»el rito que halla en el Rudrayamala: la kumari-puja, la adoración de una doncella

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 196»

«But instead of the sixteen Brahmans, there must be sixteen kumari to represent the sixteen tithi of the moon. The adoration is vrddhibhedana, that is, in order of age, and the sixteen maidens must be aged from one to sixteen.»el detalle del rito: dieciséis doncellas por las dieciséis tithi de la luna, adoradas por orden de edad, de uno a dieciséis años. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 196»

«Tantric ceremonial in general gives tremendous importance to woman and to female divinities ;' in this case the parallel between the lunar form and the feminine is complete.»lo que de ahí concluye: el ceremonial tántrico da enorme importancia a la mujer y a las divinidades femeninas, y el paralelo entre lo lunar y lo femenino es completo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 196»

«That the moon " measures " and " divides " is shown by primitive classifications as well as etymologies.»abre el punto siguiente: que la luna mida y divida lo muestran las clasificaciones primitivas y también las etimologías

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 196»

«Prajapati is the year. It has sixteen parts ; the nights are fifteen of them, the sixteenth is fixed. It is by night that it grows and decreases "»la cita de la Brihadaranyaka Upanishad: Prajapati es el año, tiene dieciséis partes, quince son las noches y la decimosexta es fija

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 196»

«In Vedic and Brahman literature the number four prevails. Vac (the " logos ") is made up of four parts,»el contraste que traza: en la literatura védica y brahmánica prevalece el cuatro, y Vac, el logos, se compone de cuatro partes; el verbatim se recorta antes del byte de control con que el troceo imprime el macrón de *puruṣa*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 197»

«The phases of the moon give rise to the most complex relationships · in later speculative thought.»abre el punto siguiente: las fases de la luna dan lugar a las relaciones más complejas en el pensamiento especulativo tardío

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 197»

«has shown that ten or eleven Hebrew characters indicate phases of the moon (for instance, aleph, which means " bull ", is the symbol of the moon in its first week and also the name of the sign of the zodiac where the moon's mansions begin, and so on).»el caso hebreo según Hommel: diez u once caracteres indican fases de la luna, y aleph, que significa toro, es el símbolo de la primera semana. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 197»

«Among the Babylonians, too, there is a relationship between graphic signs and the phases of the moon, 4 and among the Greeks5 and Scandinavians (the twenty-four runes are divided into three sorts or aettir, each containing eight runes).»los casos paralelos que alinea: babilonio, griego y escandinavo, con las veinticuatro runas divididas en tres aettir de ocho

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 197»

«One of the clearest and most complete assimilations of the alphabet (as a collection of sounds, that is, not as written) with the phases of the moon is to be found in a scholium of Dionysius Thrax, in which the vowels correspond to the full moon, the hard consonants to the half moon (the quarters), and the soft consonants to the new moon.»la asimilación más completa que conoce: el escolio de Dionisio Tracio, con las vocales por luna llena, las consonantes duras por los cuartos y las suaves por la luna nueva. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 197»

«These assimilations do not simply serve a function of classification. They are obtained by an attempt to integrate man and the universe fully into the same divine rhythm.»abre §57 con lo que esas asimilaciones son a su juicio: no clasificación, sino intento de integrar al hombre y al universo en el mismo ritmo divino

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 197»

«Their meaning is primarily magic and redemptive ; by taking to himself the powers that lie hidden in " letters " and " sounds ", man places himself in various central points of cosmic energy and thus effects complete harmony between himself and all that is.»el sentido que les atribuye: mágico y redentor, porque quien se apropia los poderes de letras y sonidos se coloca en puntos centrales de la energía cósmica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 197»

«Conceiving in his own heart the moon's orb as developed from the primal sound [prathamasvara-paritʲatam, i.e., evolved from the letter ' A '] , let him visualize therein a beautiful blue lotus, within its filaments the moon's unspotted orb, and thereon the yellow seed-syllable»el ejercicio indio que cita para quien va a hacer una imagen divina: concebir en el corazón el orbe lunar desarrollado del sonido primero y visualizar en él un loto azul. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *prathamasvara* por *prathama-svara*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 198»

«Clearly, man's integration into the cosmos can only take place if he can bring himself into harmony with the two astral rhythms, " unifying " the sun and moon in his living body.»la condición que fija: la integración del hombre en el cosmos solo ocurre si armoniza los dos ritmos astrales, unificando sol y luna en su cuerpo vivo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 198»

«The " unification " of the two centres of sacred and natural energy aims-in this technique of mystical physiology-at reintegrating them in the primal undifferentiated unity, as it was when not yet broken up by the act that created the universe ; and this " unification " realizes a transcendence of the cosmos.»el fin que atribuye a esa unificación en la fisiología mística: reintegrar los dos centros en la unidad primordial anterior al acto creador, y con ello trascender el cosmos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 198»

«an exercise in mystical physiology seeks to change " vowels and consonants into bracelets, the sun and moon into rings ".»el ejercicio tántrico que cita: cambiar vocales y consonantes en brazaletes y el sol y la luna en anillos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 198»

«The Tantric and Hathayoga schools developed to a very high degree these complex analogies between the sun, the moon and various " mystical " centres or arteries, divinities, blood and semen virile, etc.»lo que esas dos escuelas nombradas desarrollaron: analogías complejas entre sol, luna, centros y arterias místicos, divinidades, sangre y semen

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 198»

«The point of these analogies is first of all to unite man with the rhythms and energies of the cosmos, and then to unify the rhythms, fuse the centres and finally effect that leap into the transcendent which is made possible when all " forms " disappear and the primal unity is re-established.»el propósito que les asigna: unir al hombre con los ritmos cósmicos, luego unificar esos ritmos y por fin dar el salto a lo trascendente cuando las formas desaparecen. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 198»

«A technique like this is of course the polished product of a long mystical tradition, but we find the rudimentary groundwork of it as often among primitive peoples5 as in the syncretist periods of the Mediter»el reparo con que la sitúa: es producto pulido de una tradición mística larga, cuyos rudimentos se hallan igual entre los primitivos que en los periodos sincretistas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 198»

«one of those aristocratic, or heroic systems, which concede immortality only to the privileged rulers or the initiated (" magicians "), which we also find elsewhere.»cómo clasifica ese reposo reservado a unos pocos: uno de esos sistemas aristocráticos o heroicos que conceden la inmortalidad solo a los gobernantes o a los iniciados llamados magos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 191»

«as I die and rise to life again, so you shall also die and rise to life again ".»continuación en la plana siguiente: como yo muero y vuelvo a la vida, así también tú morirás y volverás a la vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 194»

«Whether it is taken as the playing-out of a drama (the birth, fulness and disappearance of the moon), or given the sense of a " division " or " enumeration ", or intuitively seen as the " hempen rope " of which the threads of fate are woven»las tres formas en que ese devenir se piensa: drama del nacer y desaparecer, división o enumeración, o la soga con que se hilan los hilos del destino; el tramo se corta donde el troceo reemite la marca de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«the myth-making and theorizing powers of individual tribes, and their level of culture.»continuación al otro lado de la marca: eso depende de las fuerzas mitopoyéticas y teorizantes de cada tribu y de su nivel de cultura

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 195»

«because it is living, and therefore in a perpetual state of rhythmic becoming.»continuación en la plana siguiente: la luna hace todo eso porque es viviente y por tanto está en devenir rítmico perpetuo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 196»

«of the octaval system abound in India : eight ma!ti, eight murti, etc. ; sixteen kala, sixteen sakti, sixteen matrika, etc. ; thirty-two sorts of»las trazas del sistema octaval en la India que enumera: ocho matri, ocho murti, dieciséis kala, dieciséis sakti, y luego treinta y dos dika y sesenta y cuatro yogini; el verbatim se recorta antes del byte de control con que el troceo imprime el macrón de *dīkṣā*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 197»

«By its mode of being, the moon " binds " together a whole mass of realities and destinies. The rhythms of the moon weave together harmonies, symmetries, analogies and participations which make up an endless " fabric ", a " net " of invisible threads, which " binds " together at once mankind, rain, vegetation, fertility, health, animals, death, regeneration, after-life, and more.»la fórmula del atar lunar: por su modo de ser la luna une realidades y destinos, y sus ritmos tejen una red invisible que liga hombre, lluvia, vegetación, salud, muerte y ultratumba. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 199»

«That is why the moon is seen in so many traditions personified by a divinity, or acting through a lunar animal, " weaving " the cosmic veil, or the destinies of men.»lo que eso explica: que en tantas tradiciones la luna aparezca personificada tejiendo el velo cósmico o los destinos de los hombres

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 199»

«It was lunar goddesses who either invented the profession of weaving (like the Egyptian divinity Neith), or were famous for their ability to weave (Athene punished Arachne, for daring to rival her, by turning her into a spider), 3 or wove a garment of cosmic proportions (like Proserpine and Harmonia), 4 and so on.»los ejemplos de diosas lunares tejedoras: Neith inventora del oficio, Atenea que castiga a Aracne, y Proserpina y Harmonía con su manto cósmico. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 199»

«It was believed in medieval Europe that Holda was patroness of weavers, and we see beyond this figure to the chthonian and lunar nature of the divinities of fertility and death.»el caso medieval de Holda, patrona de las tejedoras, tras cuya figura ve la naturaleza ctónica y lunar de las divinidades de la fertilidad y la muerte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 199»

«We are obviously dealing here with extremely complex forms in which myths, ceremonials and symbols from different religious structures are crystallized, and they have not always come directly from the intuition of the moon as the measure of cosmic rhythms and the support of life and death.»el reparo que pone: son formas complejísimas donde cristalizan mitos y símbolos de estructuras religiosas distintas, no siempre venidos de la intuición de la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 199»

«Similarly, you cannot always limit every mythological intuition of a cosmic " net " to the moon.»y el segundo reparo: no toda intuición mítica de una red cósmica se deja reducir a la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 199»

«In Indian thought, for instance, the universe was " woven " by the air6 just as breath (priil;a) " wove " human»el contraejemplo indio: el universo fue tejido por el aire como el aliento teje la vida humana. El tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 199»

«Corresponding to the five winds that divide the Cosmos and yet preserve its unity, there are five breaths (prii1Jas) " weaving " human life into a whole (the identity of breath and wind can be found as early as in Vedic writings). 1 What we have got in these traditions is the primitive conception of the living whole-whether cosmic or microcosmic-in which the different parts are held together by a breathing force (wind or breath) that " weaves " them together.»la correspondencia india que expone: a los cinco vientos que dividen el cosmos y lo mantienen uno responden los cinco alientos que tejen la vida humana. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 200»

«The moon, however, simply because she is miǤtress of all living things and sure guide of the dead, has " woven " all destinies.»abre §58: por ser dueña de lo viviente y guía de los muertos, la luna ha tejido todos los destinos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 200»

«Not for nothing is she envisaged in myth as an immense spider-an image you will find used by a great many peoples.»la imagen que consigna: la luna vista en el mito como una araña inmensa, imagen usada por muchos pueblos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 200»

«For to weave is not merely to predestine (anthropologically), and to join together differing realities (cosmologically) but also to create, to make something of one's own substance as the spider does in spinning its web.»lo que tejer significa a su juicio: predestinar, unir realidades distintas y además crear, hacer algo de la propia sustancia como la araña con su tela

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 200»

«But, like everything woven, the lives thus created are fixed in a pattern : they have a destiny.»el límite de esa creación: como todo lo tejido, las vidas creadas quedan fijadas en un patrón, tienen un destino

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 200»

«The Moirai, who spin fates, are lunar divinities. Homer3 calls them " the spinners ", and one of them is even called Clotho, which means " spinner ".»el caso griego: las Moiras que hilan los destinos son divinidades lunares, y Homero las llama las hilanderas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 200»

«They probably began by being goddesses of birth, but the later development of thought raised them to the position of personifications of fate.»la historia que les atribuye: empezaron siendo diosas del nacimiento y el pensamiento posterior las elevó a personificaciones del destino

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 200»

«Porphyry said the Moirai were dependent on the forces of the moon, and an Orphic text looks on them as forming part (Ia mere) of the moon.»los dos testimonios que conservan su carácter lunar: Porfirio las hace depender de las fuerzas de la luna y un texto órfico las tiene por parte de ella

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 200»

«In the old Germanic languages, one of the words for fate (Old High German wurt, Old Norse, urdhr, Anglo-Saxon wyrd) comes from an IndoEuropean verb uert, " turn ", whence we get the Old High German words wirt, wirtel, " spindle ", " distaff ", and the Dutch worwelen, " turn ".»el argumento léxico germánico: las palabras para destino vienen de una raíz indoeuropea que significa girar, de donde huso y rueca. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 200»

«This iconographic figure is common in the East : we find a distaff in the hand of Ish tar, of the Hittite Great Goddess, of the Syrian goddess Atargatis, of a primitive Cypriot divinity, of the goddess of Ephesus.»la difusión de esa figura: la rueca en manos de Ishtar, de la Gran Diosa hitita, de Atargatis, de una divinidad chipriota y de la de Éfeso

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 201»

«Destiny, the thread of life, is a long or short period of time. The Great Goddesses consequently become mistresses of time, of the destinies they create according to their will.»la equivalencia que traza: el destino es un tramo de tiempo, y por eso las Grandes Diosas se vuelven dueñas del tiempo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 201»

«In Sanskrit Time is kala, and the word is very close to the name of the Great Goddess, Kali.»el acercamiento léxico que consigna: en sánscrito el tiempo es kala, muy cerca del nombre de la Gran Diosa Kali

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 201»

«Kala also means black, darkened, stained. Time is black because it is irrational, hard, merciless.»el otro sentido de kala: negro, oscurecido, manchado, porque el tiempo es irracional, duro y despiadado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 201»

«Those who live under the dominion of time are subject to every kind of suffering, and to be set free consists primarily in the abolition of time, in an escape from the law of change.»la consecuencia soteriológica que saca: quien vive bajo el dominio del tiempo sufre, y liberarse consiste ante todo en abolir el tiempo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 201»

«Indian tradition has it that mankind is at present in the Kaliyuga, that is, " the dark era ", the period of total confusion and utter spiritual decadence, the final stage in the completion of a cosmic cycle.»la doctrina india que cita: la humanidad está hoy en el Kali-yuga, la era oscura de confusión y decadencia espiritual que cierra el ciclo cósmico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 201»

«We must try to get a general picture of all these lunar hierophanies. What do they reveal ? How far do they fit together and complement each other, how far do they make up a " theory "-that is, express a succession of " truths " which, taken together, could constitute a system ?»abre §59 con las preguntas que se plantea: qué revelan las hierofanías lunares y hasta dónde componen una teoría

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 201»

«The hierophanies of the moon that we have noted may be grouped round the following themes : (a) fertility (waters, vegetation, women ; mythological " ancestor ") ;»el primero de los cuatro temas en que agrupa esas hierofanías: la fertilidad, con aguas, vegetación, mujeres y el antepasado mítico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 201»

«periodic regeneration (the symbolism of the serpent and all the lunar animals ; " the new man " who has survived a watery catastrophe caused by the moon ; the death and resurrection of initiations ; etc.) ;»el segundo tema: la regeneración periódica, con la serpiente, el hombre nuevo tras el diluvio y la muerte y resurrección de las iniciaciones

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 201»

«time and destiny (the moon " measures ", or " weaves " destinies, " binds " together diverse cosmic levels and heterogeneous realities) ;»el tercer tema: el tiempo y el destino, con la luna que mide o teje los destinos y ata niveles cósmicos distintos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 202»

«change, marked by the opposition of light and darkness (full moon-new moon ; the " world above " and the " underworld " ; brothers who are enemies, good and evil), or by the balance between being and non-being, the virtual and the actual (the symbolism of hidden things : dusky night, darkness, death, seeds and larvre).»el cuarto tema: el cambio, marcado por la oposición de luz y oscuridad o por el equilibrio entre ser y no ser, lo virtual y lo actual. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 202»

«In -all these themes the dominant idea is one of rhythm carried out by a succession of contraries, of " becoming '' through the succession of opposing modalities (being and non-being ; forms and hidden essences ; life and death ; etc.).»la idea dominante que aísla en los cuatro: el ritmo cumplido por una sucesión de contrarios, el devenir por modalidades opuestas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 202»

«It is a ·becoming, I need hardly add, that cannot take place without drama or pathos ; the sub-lunar world is not only the world of change but also the world of suffering and of " history ".»el matiz que añade: es un devenir que no ocurre sin drama ni patetismo, porque el mundo sublunar es el del cambio y también el del sufrimiento y la historia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 202»

«Nothing that happens in this world under the moon can be " eternal ", for its law is the law of becoming, and no change is final ; every change is merely part of a cyclic pattern.»la ley que formula: nada de cuanto pasa bajo la luna puede ser eterno, ningún cambio es final y todo cambio es parte de un patrón cíclico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 202»

«The phases of the moon give us, if not the historical origin, at least the mythological and symbolic illustration of all dualisms.»la tesis que enuncia con reserva: las fases de la luna dan, si no el origen histórico, al menos la ilustración mítica y simbólica de todos los dualismos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 202»

«The underworld, the world of darkness, is typified by the waning moon (horns=crescents, the -sign of the double volute=two crescents facing the opposite way, placed one on top of the other and fastened together =lunar change, a decrepit and bony old man). The higher world, the world of life and of growing light, is typified by a tiger (the monster of darkness and of the new moon) letting humanity, represented by a child, escape its jaws (the child being the ancestor of the tribe, likened to the new moon, the ' Light that returns ')»la cita de Hentze que aduce: el inframundo tipificado por la luna menguante y el mundo alto por el tigre que suelta al niño, antepasado de la tribu y Luz que vuelve. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 202»

«These images come from the cultural area of primitive China, but light and darkness symbols were complementary there ; the owl, a symbol of darkness, is to be found beside the pheasant, symbol of light.»la procedencia de esas imágenes y su lógica: vienen de la China primitiva, donde los símbolos de luz y oscuridad eran complementarios, el búho junto al faisán

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 202»

«At every cosmic level a " dark " period is followed by a " light ", pure, regenerate period.»la ley que extrae: en todo nivel cósmico a un periodo oscuro sigue uno de luz, puro y regenerado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 202»

«The " dark age ", Kiili-yuga, is to be followed, after a complete break-up of the cosmos, (mahiipralaya), by a new, regenerate era.»el caso indio de ese esquema: a la era oscura le sigue, tras la disolución del cosmos, una era nueva y regenerada

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 203»

«The same idea is to be found in all the traditions that tell of cosmic historic cycles, and though it does not seem to have first entered the human mind with the discovery of the moon's phases, it is undoqbtedly illustrated perfectly by their rhythm.»el alcance que le da: la misma idea está en todas las tradiciones de ciclos cósmicos e históricos, y aunque no naciera del descubrimiento de las fases lunares queda ilustrada por su ritmo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 203»

«It is in this sense that we can talk of the positive value of periods of shadow, times of large-scale decadence and disintegration ; they gain a suprahistorical significance»el valor positivo que concede a las épocas de sombra: los tiempos de decadencia y desintegración ganan un sentido suprahistórico. El tramo se corta antes de la coma que abre la cláusula siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 203»

«though in fact it is just at such times that " history " is most fully accomplished, for then the balance of things is precarious, human conditions infinitely varied, new developments are encouraged by the disintegration of the laws and of all the old framework.»y la razón que da: es en esos tiempos cuando la historia se cumple más plenamente, con el equilibrio precario y las condiciones humanas variadísimas. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 203»

«Such dark periods are a sort of darkness, of universal night. And as such, just as death represents a positive value in itself, so do they ; it is the same symbolism as that of larvre in the dark, of hibernation, of seeds bursting apart in the earth so that a new form can appear.»la analogía con que los cierra: son una suerte de noche universal, y como la muerte tienen valor positivo, como la larva en lo oscuro o la semilla que estalla en la tierra. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 203»

«It might be said that the moon shows man his true human condition ; that in a sense man looks .at himself, and finds himself anew in the life of the moon.»la fórmula antropológica del capítulo: la luna muestra al hombre su verdadera condición, y en la vida de la luna el hombre se mira y se reencuentra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 203»

«That is why the symbolism and mythology of the moon have an element of pathos and at the same time of consolation, for the moon governs both death and fertility, both drama and initiation.»lo que eso explica: que el simbolismo lunar tenga a la vez patetismo y consuelo, porque la luna gobierna la muerte y la fertilidad, el drama y la iniciación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 203»

«Though the modality of the moon is supremely one of change, of rhythm, it is equally one of periodic returning ; and this pattern of existence is disturbing and consoling at the same timefor though the manifestations of life are so frail that they can suddenly disappear altogether, they are restored in the " eternal returning " regulated by the moon.»la doble cara de esa modalidad: es de cambio y de ritmo, y también de retorno periódico, inquietante y consoladora a la vez. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 203»

«But that law, which is at once harsh and merciful, can be abolished; and in some cases one may " transcend " this periodic becoming and achieve a mode of existence that is absolute.»la salida que deja abierta: esa ley dura y misericordiosa puede abolirse, y en algunos casos cabe trascender el devenir periódico y alcanzar un modo de existencia absoluto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 203»

«It existed at the most primitive stages, which indicates that man, from the time when he first realized his position in the universe, desired passionately and tried to achieve concretely (i.e., by religion and by magic together) a passing beyond his human status (" reflected " so exactly by the moon's).»lo que su antigüedad indica: desde que el hombre advirtió su posición en el universo deseó y buscó por religión y magia rebasar su condición, tan exactamente reflejada por la luna. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 204»

«We shall be dealing with myths of this nature elsewhere, but I note them here, for they mark man's first attempt to get beyond his " lunar mode of being ".»el lugar que les da aquí: los anota porque marcan el primer intento del hombre de salir de su modo de ser lunar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 204»

«water symbolizes the whole of potentiality ; it is fons et origo, the source of all possible existence.»abre el capítulo V, §60, con la fórmula del agua: simboliza la potencialidad entera, es fons et origo, la fuente de toda existencia posible

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 207»

«Water, thou art the source of all things and of all existence ! '' says one Indian text, 1 summing up the long Vedic tradition.»la sentencia india que cita como resumen de la tradición védica: agua, tú eres la fuente de todas las cosas y de toda existencia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 207»

«Waters are the foundations of the whole world ; 2 they are the essence of plant life, 3 the elixir of immortality4 like the amrta ;5 they ensure long life and creative energy, they are the principle of all healing, and so on.»los atributos que los textos védicos dan a las aguas: fundamento del mundo, esencia de la vida vegetal, elixir de inmortalidad, principio de toda curación. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 207»

«The waters are indeed healers ; the waters drive away and cure all illnesses !»la fórmula del Atharva Veda que cita: las aguas son sanadoras, ahuyentan y curan todas las enfermedades

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 207»

«Principle of what is formless and potential, basis of every cosmic manifestation, container of all seeds, water symbolizes the primal substance from which all forms come and to which they will return either by their own regression or in a cataclysm.»la definición que da: principio de lo informe y lo potencial, base de toda manifestación cósmica, el agua es la sustancia primordial de la que salen las formas y a la que vuelven. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 207»

«It existed at the beginning and returns at the end of every cosmic or historic cycle ; it will always exist, though never alone, for water is always germbative, containing the potentiality of all forms in their unbroken unity.»el lugar del agua en el ciclo: existió al principio y vuelve al final de todo ciclo cósmico o histórico, y es siempre germinativa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 207»

«In cosmogony, in myth, ritual and iconography, water fills the same function in whatever type of cultural pattern we find it ; it precedes all forms and upholds all creation.»la constancia que afirma: en cosmogonía, mito, rito e iconografía el agua cumple la misma función en cualquier patrón cultural, precede a las formas y sostiene la creación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 207»

«Immersion in water symbolizes a return to the pre-formal, a total regeneration, a new birth, for immersion means a dissolution of forms, a reintegration into the formlessness of pre-existence ; and emerging from the water is a repetition of the act of creation in which form was first expressed.»lo que la inmersión simboliza: vuelta a lo preformal y regeneración total, porque sumergirse disuelve las formas y emerger repite el acto de creación. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 207»

«In initiation rituals, water confers a " new birth ", in magic rituals it heals, and in funeral rites it assures rebirth after death.»los tres usos que enumera: en la iniciación el agua da un nuevo nacimiento, en la magia sana, y en los ritos funerarios asegura el renacer

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«Because it incorporates in itself all potentiality, water becomes a symbol of life (" living water ").»por qué el agua es símbolo de la vida: porque incorpora toda potencialidad, y de ahí la fórmula del agua viva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«Rich in seeds, it fertilizes earth, animals and women. It contains in itself all possibilities, it is supremely fluid, it sustains the development of all things, and is therefore either compared or even directly assimilated with the moon.»lo que de ahí se sigue: rica en semillas fecunda tierra, animales y mujeres, y por eso se compara o se asimila directamente a la luna

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«lts rhythms are fitted to the same pattern as the moon's ; they govern the periodic appearance and disappearance of all forms, they give a cyclic form to the development of things everywhere.»la correspondencia de ritmos: los del agua siguen el patrón de la luna y dan forma cíclica al desarrollo de las cosas; el troceo imprime *lts* por *Its*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«Then, too, since prehistoric times, water, moon and woman were seen as forming the orbit of fertility both for man and for the universe.»la tríada que data en la prehistoria: agua, luna y mujer vistas como la órbita de la fertilidad para el hombre y para el universo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«Even i n Paleolithic times, the spiral was a symbol of water and lunar fertility ; when inscribed on a feminine idol, it united all these centres of life and fertility.»el dato paleolítico: la espiral como símbolo de agua y de fertilidad lunar, que inscrita en un ídolo femenino reunía esos centros de vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«In the mythology of the American Indians, the hieroglyphic for water-a vase full of water into which a drop from a cloud is falling-is always associated with moon images.»el dato amerindio: el jeroglífico del agua, un vaso lleno en el que cae una gota de nube, va siempre asociado a imágenes lunares

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«The spiral, the snail (a lunar emblem), woman, water, fish, all belong essentially to the same symbolism of fertility, which applies to every level of nature.»la serie que agrupa: espiral, caracol, mujer, agua y pez pertenecen al mismo simbolismo de la fertilidad, válido en todo nivel de la naturaleza

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«In any analysis, there is always a danger of breaking apart or reducing to separate elements what was a single unity, a cosmos, in the minds that produced it.»el aviso de método que repite: todo análisis corre el peligro de romper en elementos sueltos lo que era una unidad, un cosmos, en las mentes que lo produjeron

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«The same symbol may indicate or evoke a whole series of realities, which only profane experience would see as separate and autonomous.»lo que sostiene en cambio: un mismo símbolo puede evocar una serie entera de realidades que solo la experiencia profana vería como separadas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«The symbolism of emerging from the " darkness " can be found in initiation rituals as well as»dónde halla el simbolismo de salir de la oscuridad: en los ritos de iniciación; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 202»

«in the mythology of death, and the life of plants (buried seed, the " darkness " from which the " new plant " (neophyte) arises), and in the whole conception of " historical " cycles.»continuación en la plana siguiente: también en la mitología de la muerte, en la vida de las plantas y en la concepción entera de los ciclos históricos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 203»

«integration is to be found almost everywhere in the history of religion in an infinity of variations-and fundamentally it is an expression of the thirst to abolish dualisms, endless returnings and fragmentary existences.»el mito de la reintegración: se halla casi en todas partes en infinitas variantes y expresa la sed de abolir los dualismos, los retornos sin fin y las existencias fragmentarias

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 204»

«and then because immersion fertilizes, increases the potential of life and of creation.»continuación en la plana siguiente: y porque la inmersión fecunda y aumenta el potencial de vida y de creación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 208»

«In Sumerian, a means " water ", but also " sperm, conception, generation ".»el argumento léxico sumerio: a significa agua y también esperma, concepción y generación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 209»

«Even to-day, among primitive peoples-not always in ordinary experience, but regularly in mythology-water is identified with semen.»la equivalencia que consigna: entre los pueblos primitivos el agua se identifica con el semen, no siempre en la experiencia corriente pero sí en la mitología

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 209»

«On Wakuta Island, there is a myth which deǃcribes a girl losing her virginity because she allowed rain to touch her body ; and the most important myth on the Trobriand Islands tells how Bolutukwa, the mother of the hero Tudava, lost her virginity when a few drops of water fell from a stalactite.»los dos mitos melanesios que cita: la muchacha que pierde la virginidad al tocarla la lluvia y la madre de Tudava fecundada por gotas de una estalactita. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 209»

«Indian mythology has a great many variations of the theme of the primeval waters on which Narayai).a floated, with the cosmic tree rising from his navel.»el tema indio de las aguas primordiales: Narayana flota sobre ellas y del ombligo le nace el árbol cósmico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 209»

«In Puranic tradition, the tree is replaced by the lotus from whose centre Brahma (abjaja, " born of the lotus ") was born.»la variante purana: el árbol es reemplazado por el loto de cuyo centro nace Brahma, el nacido del loto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 209»

«One by one other gods appear-Varul).a, Prajapati, Puru§a or Brahman (Svaya.rhbhii), Narayiil).a or Vi§nu ; they represent the different variants of the same cosmogonic myth-but the waters remain in them all.»la serie de variantes del mismo mito cosmogónico y su constante: cambian los dioses y las aguas quedan en todas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 209»

«Later on, aquatic cosmogony became a common motif in iconography and the decorative arts : the plant or the tree rising from the mouth or the navel of a Yak§a (a personification of fecund life), from the throat of a sea monster (makara), of a snail or of a " flowing vase "but never directly from any symbol representing the earth.»el motivo iconográfico que describe: la planta o el árbol saliendo de la boca o del ombligo de un yaksha, de un makara, de un caracol o de un vaso, nunca de un símbolo de la tierra. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 209»

«The waters on which Narayal).a floated, carefree and happy, symbolize the state of rest and formlessness, the cosmic night.»la lectura que da de esas aguas: simbolizan el estado de reposo y de informidad, la noche cósmica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 209»

«And from his navel, that is, from a " centre " (cf. § 145), the first cosmic form comes to life : the lotus, the tree, a symbol of the life-giving but unawakened sap, of life which has not yet attained consciousness.»lo que nace de ese centro: la primera forma cósmica, el loto o el árbol, símbolo de la savia vivificante aún no despierta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 210»

«In other versions, Viǰnu, in his third reincarnation (as a giant boar), goes down to the depths of the primeval waters, and draws the earth up from the abyss.»la variante del jabalí: Vishnu baja a lo hondo de las aguas primordiales y saca la tierra del abismo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 210»

«This myth, Oceanian in structure and form, is also preserved in European folklore»lo que dice de ese mito: es oceánico por estructura y forma y se conserva también en el folclore europeo. El tramo se corta antes del paréntesis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 210»

«The Babylonian creation story also tells of a watery chaos, a primordial ocean, apsu and tiamat ; the first personified the ocean of fresh water on which the earth was later to float, and tiamat was the salty and bitter sea inhabited by monsters.»el caos acuático babilonio: apsu, el océano de agua dulce sobre el que flotaría la tierra, y tiamat, el mar salado y amargo habitado por monstruos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 210»

«When the heavens on high were not yet named, And the earth beneath was not yet called a name, And the primordial Apsu, who gave them birth And Mummu, and Tiamat, the mother of them all, Mingled all their waters into one»el arranque del Enuma Elish que cita: cuando los cielos no tenían nombre y Apsu, Mummu y Tiamat mezclaban todas sus aguas en una

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 210»

«The tradition of the primeval waters, whence all the worlds were born, can be found in a great many different versions in ancient and " primitive " creation beliefs.»la difusión que consigna: la tradición de las aguas primordiales se halla en muchísimas versiones en las creencias de creación antiguas y primitivas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 210»

«Since water is the source of all things, in which all potentialities are contained, and in which all seeds thrive, it is easy to see why there are myths and legends which make it the origin of the human race, or of some section of it.»abre §62: como el agua es la fuente de todo y en ella prosperan todas las semillas, hay mitos que la hacen origen del género humano o de parte de él

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 210»

«The Karaja Indians in Brazil recall a mythological time when " they still lived in the water ".»el ejemplo karajá: recuerdan un tiempo mítico en que aún vivían en el agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 210»

«Take this water, for the goddess [of the waters] Chalchihuitlycue Chalchiuhtlatonac is thy mother. May this bath cleanse thee of the sins and blemishes thou hast from thy parents.»la fórmula bautismal mexicana que cita: toma esta agua, porque la diosa de las aguas es tu madre, y que este baño te limpie de las faltas de tus padres. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 211»

«The ancient Karelians, the Mordvinians, the Estonians, the Cherernisses and other Finno-Ugrian peoples believed in a Water-Mother to whom women prayed for children.»los pueblos finoúgrios que alinea: creían en una Madre del Agua a la que las mujeres pedían hijos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 211»

«The creative forces of water are at their height in mud, limus.»dónde sitúa el máximo de las fuerzas creadoras del agua: en el lodo, el limus

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 211»

«Illegitimate children were likened to the plants that grew in pools, and were pushed down into the mud at the edge of the pool, that inexhaustible source of life ; they were thus ritually reintegrated into the impure life whence they came, like the coarse grass and the rushes that grow in swamps.»el rito que describe: a los hijos ilegítimos se los asimilaba a las plantas de las pozas y se los hundía en el lodo, reintegrados a la vida impura de donde venían. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 211»

«Water nourishes life, rain fertilizes as does the semen virile. In the erotic symbolism of the creation, the sky embraces and fertilizes the earth with rain.»la simetría erótica que traza: la lluvia fecunda como el semen viril, y en el simbolismo de la creación el cielo abraza y fecunda a la tierra con lluvia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 211»

«Many beliefs of this sort have become entangled with the notion of " Mother Earth " and with the erotic symbolism of fountains.»el reparo que pone: muchas de esas creencias se enredaron con la Madre Tierra y con el simbolismo erótico de las fuentes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 211»

«Water animals, particularly fish (which also serve as erotic symbols) and sea monsters, become emblems of the sacred because they stand for absolute reality, concentrated in water.»por qué los animales acuáticos son emblemas de lo sagrado: porque representan la realidad absoluta concentrada en el agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 212»

«Symbol of creation, harbour of all seeds, water becomes the supreme magic and medicinal substance ; it heals, it restores youth, it ensures eternal life.»abre §63: símbolo de la creación y albergue de todas las semillas, el agua se vuelve la sustancia mágica y medicinal suprema

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 212»

«The prototype of all water is the " living water " which came to be seen as existing somewhere in the sky-just as there is a heavenly soma, a white haoma in the heavens, and so on.»el prototipo que fija: el agua viva, situada en algún lugar del cielo, como el soma celeste y el haoma blanco

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 212»

«Living water, the fountains of youth, the Water of Life, and the rest, are all mythological formulre for the same metaphysical and religious reality : life, strength and eternity are contained in water.»lo que esas fórmulas míticas dicen a su juicio: vida, fuerza y eternidad están contenidas en el agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 212»

«This water is not, of course, accessible to everybody in every way. It is guarded by monsters. It is to be found in places which are hard to get to, and belongs to some sort of demons or divinities.»el límite de acceso: el agua viva está guardada por monstruos, en sitios de difícil acceso, y pertenece a demonios o divinidades

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 212»

«To reach the source of " living water " and get possession of it involves a series of consecrations and " testings ", just as does the search for the " Tree of Life " (§ 108, 145).»lo que su conquista exige: una serie de consagraciones y pruebas, como la busca del Árbol de la Vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 212»

«And he showed me a river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding from the throne of God and of the Lamb . . . and on both sides of the river, was the tree of life.»la cita del Apocalipsis que aduce: un río de agua de vida claro como cristal, y a ambas orillas el árbol de la vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 212»

«Living Water " restores youth and bestows eternal life ; and, by a gradual process which will become clearer in the course of this book, all water comes to be considered powerful for fertility or healing.»el proceso que describe: del agua viva que devuelve juventud y da vida eterna se pasa a tener toda agua por fecundante o sanadora

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 212»

«In India illnesses are cast into the water. 3 The Finno-Ugrians think that some illnesses are the result of profaning or polluting flowing water.»los dos usos que alinea: en la India las enfermedades se echan al agua, y los finoúgrios creen que algunas vienen de profanar el agua corriente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 213»

«New water ", that is, the water in a new vase, not profaned by everyday use, contains all the values for creating and fostering life of the primeval Water.»la definición que da del agua nueva: la de un vaso nuevo, no profanada por el uso diario, que contiene todos los valores creadores del Agua primordial

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 213»

«It heals, because in a sense it remakes creation.»la razón que da de su poder: sana porque en cierto sentido rehace la creación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 213»

«We shall be seeing later how magic acts are a repetition of the creation of the world, for they are projected into the mythological time when the worlds were made, and they merely repeat the things that were done then, ab origine.»la tesis que adelanta sobre la magia: los actos mágicos repiten la creación del mundo, proyectados al tiempo mítico en que los mundos se hicieron

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 213»

«With the use of " new " water in popular medicine, what is being sought is the magic regeneration of the patient by contact with primordial substance ; the water absorbs his disease because of its power of taking to itself and dissolving all forms.»lo que se busca con el agua nueva: la regeneración mágica del enfermo por contacto con la sustancia primordial, que absorbe el mal por su poder de disolver las formas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 213»

«Purification by water has the same effects : in water everything is " dissolved ", every " form " is broken up, everything that has happened ceases to exist ; nothing that was before remains after immersion in water, not an outline, not a " sign ", not an " event ".»abre §64: en el agua todo se disuelve, toda forma se rompe y nada de lo anterior permanece tras la inmersión. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 213»

«Immersion is the equivalent, at the human level, of death, and at the cosmic level, of the cataclysm (the Flood) which periodically dissolves the world into the primeval ocean.»la equivalencia que fija: la inmersión es la muerte en el plano humano y el cataclismo en el cósmico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 213»

«Breaking up all forms, doing away with all the past, water possesses this power of purifying, of regenerating, of giving new birth ; for what is immersed in it " dies ", and, rising again from the water, is like a child without any sin or any past, able to receive a new revelation and begin a new and real life.»el poder que de ahí le viene: purificar, regenerar y dar nuevo nacimiento, porque lo sumergido muere y sale como un niño sin pecado ni pasado. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 213»

«Water purifies and regenerates because it nullifies the past, and restores-even if only for a moment-the integrity of the dawn of things.»la fórmula del apartado: el agua purifica y regenera porque anula el pasado y restaura, aunque sea un instante, la integridad del alba de las cosas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 214»

«Ablution purifies man from crime,2 from the unlucky presence of the dead, 3 from madness (the fountain of Clitor, of Arcadia), 4 destroying sins as well as stopping the process of mental or physical decay.»los males de que la ablución purifica: el crimen, la presencia aciaga del muerto, la locura, y detiene la decadencia mental o física. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 214»

«It was done before all the major religious acts, to prepare man for his entry into the economy of the sacred.»el lugar ritual de la ablución: antes de todo acto religioso mayor, para preparar al hombre a entrar en la economía de lo sagrado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 214»

«The same ritual of regeneration by water explains why in antiquity statues of divinities were immersed.»lo que ese mismo rito explica: que en la antigüedad se sumergieran las estatuas de las divinidades

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 214»

«The ceremony of the sacred bath was generally performed in the cult of the Great Goddesses of fertility and agriculture. The goddess's flagging powers were thus strengthened, ensuring a good harvest (immersion as a magic rite was supposed to produce rain) and a rich increase in goods.»dónde se hacía ese baño sagrado: en el culto de las Grandes Diosas de la fertilidad y la agricultura, para reforzar sus fuerzas y asegurar la cosecha. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 214»

«The " bath " of the Phrygian mother, Cybele, took place on the 27th of March (Hilaria). The statue was immersed either in a river (at Pessinus, Cybele was bathed in the Gallas), or a pool (as at Ancyra, Magnesia and elsewhere).»el ejemplo frigio: el baño de Cibeles el 27 de marzo, en un río o en una poza según el lugar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 214»

«Dipping a crucifix or a statue of Our Lady in water to end a drought and produce rain was a thing done by Catholics from the thirteenth century onwards, and went on, despite ecclesiastical opposition, into the nineteenth and even the twentieth centuries.»el uso católico que consigna: sumergir un crucifijo o una imagen de la Virgen para acabar la sequía, practicado desde el siglo XIII pese a la oposición eclesiástica. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 215»

«This immemorial and recumenical symbolism of immersion in water as an instrument of purification and regeneration was adopted by Christianity and given still richer religious meaning.»abre §65: el cristianismo adoptó ese simbolismo inmemorial de la inmersión y le dio un sentido religioso más rico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 215»

«St. John's baptism was directed not to healing the infirmities of the flesh, but the redemption of the soul, the forgiveness of sin.»la diferencia que traza: el bautismo de Juan no iba a las dolencias de la carne sino a la redención del alma y al perdón del pecado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 215»

«I indeed baptize you with water ; but there shall come one mightier than I . . . he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire.»la palabra del Bautista que cita: yo os bautizo con agua, pero vendrá otro más fuerte que bautizará con Espíritu Santo y con fuego

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 215»

«In Christianity, Baptism becomes the chief instrument of spiritual regeneration, for immersion in the water of Baptism is equivalent to being buried with Christ.»lo que el bautismo es en el cristianismo: el instrumento principal de regeneración espiritual, porque la inmersión equivale a ser sepultado con Cristo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 215»

«Man dies symbolically with immersion, and is reborn, purified, renewed ; just as Christ rose from the tomb.»la fórmula que da: el hombre muere simbólicamente al sumergirse y renace purificado, como Cristo salió del sepulcro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 215»

«For we are buried together with him by baptism into death ; that, as Christ is risen from the dead by the glory of the Father, so we also may walk in newness of life. For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection.»la cita de Pablo que aduce: sepultados con él por el bautismo en la muerte, para andar en novedad de vida. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 215»

«seat of the divine Spirit, who gave it preference over all the other elements . . . . The water was the first to be commanded to bring forth living creatures . . . . Water was the first to produce what has life, so as to prevent our being astonished when one day it came to give birth to life in baptism.»la cita de Tertuliano sobre el agua: primera sede del Espíritu divino, primera en producir seres vivos, de modo que no ha de asombrar que un día engendre vida en el bautismo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 216»

«Therefore all natural water, because of the ancient privilege with which it was honoured from the first, gains the power of sanctifying in the sacrament, as long as God is invoked to that effect. As soon as the words are said the Holy Ghost, coming down from heaven, rests upon the waters which he sanctifies with his fruitfulness ; the waters thus sanctified are in turn filled with the power of sanctifying.»sigue la cita de Tertuliano: toda agua natural, por el privilegio antiguo, recibe en el sacramento el poder de santificar cuando se invoca a Dios. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 216»

«Whai used of old to heal the body now heals the soul ; what gave health in time gains salvation in eternity»el cierre de esa cita: lo que antes sanaba el cuerpo ahora sana el alma, y lo que daba salud en el tiempo gana salvación en la eternidad; el troceo imprime *Whai*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 216»

«The Old . Man dies by being immersed in water, and gives birth to a new, regenerate being.»la fórmula que resume el simbolismo bautismal: el Hombre Viejo muere sumergido y da a luz un ser nuevo y regenerado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 216»

«It represents death and burial, life and resurrection . . . . When we plunge our head into water as into a tomb, the old man is immersed, wholly buried ; when we come out of the water, the new man appears at that moment.»la cita de Juan Crisóstomo: al hundir la cabeza en el agua como en una tumba se sumerge el hombre viejo, y al salir aparece el hombre nuevo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 216»

«All that one may call the " prehistory " of Baptism sought the same object-death and resurrection, though at different religious levels from that of Christianity.»lo que dice de la prehistoria del bautismo: buscaba el mismo objeto, muerte y resurrección, en niveles religiosos distintos del cristiano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 216»

«There can be no question here of " influences " or of " borrowings ", for such symbols are archetypal and universal ; they show man's position in the universe, while at the same time evaluating his position in regard to his god (to absolute reality), and to history.»el reparo que pone contra las influencias y los préstamos: esos símbolos son arquetípicos y universales y muestran la posición del hombre en el universo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 216»

«The symbolism of water is the product of an intuition of the cosmos as a unity, and of man as a specific mode of being in the cosmos.»la fórmula con que cierra: el simbolismo del agua es producto de una intuición del cosmos como unidad y del hombre como modo específico de ser en él

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 216»

«The funereal use of water is explained by the same elements that give it its function in the creation of the universe, in magic and in medicine ; water " appeases the thirst of the dead man ", it dissolves him, it links him together with the seeds of things»abre §66: el uso funerario del agua se explica por los mismos elementos, el agua apaga la sed del muerto, lo disuelve y lo liga a las semillas de las cosas. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 217»

«water " kills the dead ", finally destroying their human status1 that hell may reduce them to a sort of larval state, thus leaving their capacity for suffering unimpaired.»la otra cara de ese uso: el agua mata al muerto, destruye lo que le queda de condición humana y lo deja en estado larval con su capacidad de sufrir intacta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 217»

«In none of the various conceptions of death, do the dead die completely : they are given an elementary form of existence ; it is a regression, rather than a total extinction.»la regla que formula: en ninguna concepción de la muerte mueren los muertos del todo, se les da una forma elemental de existencia, regresión y no extinción

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 217»

«While waiting to return into the cosmic round (transmigration), or to be finally delivered, the souls of the dead suffer and that suffering is generally expressed as a thirst.»cómo se expresa el sufrimiento de las almas: casi siempre como sed, mientras esperan volver a la rueda cósmica o ser liberadas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 217»

«Have mercy on me and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water to cool my tongue : for I am tormented in this flame.»la cita evangélica del rico en el fuego: que Lázaro moje la punta del dedo en agua para refrescarle la lengua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 217»

«During the ceremony of the Hydrophoria, water was poured into crevasses (chasmata) for the dead, and at the time of the Anthesteria, just before the spring rains, the Greeks believed that the dead were thirsty.»los dos ritos griegos que alinea: en la Hidroforia se vertía agua por las grietas para los muertos, y en las Antesterias se los tenía por sedientos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 217»

«For souls, death is to become water," said Heraclitus (fr. 68). That is why " the dry soul is the wisest and the best»nota al pie con los fragmentos de Heráclito: para las almas, morir es volverse agua, y el alma seca es la más sabia y la mejor

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 217»

«The sufferings of the after-life were expressed in terms as concrete as those describing every other human experience and primitive theory ; the " thirst of the dead ", and the " flames " of the Asian hells were replaced in the Nordic mind by terms expressing a cooler temperature (cold, frost, frozen swamps, etc.).»el contraste climático que consigna: la sed de los muertos y las llamas de los infiernos asiáticos se vuelven frío, escarcha y pantanos helados en la mente nórdica. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 218»

«But thirst and cold both express suffering, drama, agitation. The dead cannot always remain in the same state, a state that is merely a tragic defacement of their human one.»lo que las dos figuras dicen igual: sufrimiento, drama y agitación, porque el muerto no puede quedarse en un estado que desfigura trágicamente el humano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 218»

«Libations are intended to " satisfy " them, that is, to abolish their sufferings, and regenerate them by total " dissolution " in water.»el fin de las libaciones: satisfacer a los muertos, abolir su sufrimiento y regenerarlos por disolución total en el agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 218»

«In Egypt, the dead are sometimes identified with Osiris, and thus may hope for an " agricultural destiny ", their bodies germinating like seeds.»el caso egipcio: los muertos identificados con Osiris pueden esperar un destino agrícola, con el cuerpo germinando como semilla

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 218»

«But libations are not always to be taken in an " agricultural " sense ; their object is not always " the germination of the dead man ", his transformation into a " seed " and a neophutos (neophyte =" new plant ") but, primarily, his " appeasement ", that is, the extinction of what remains of his human condition, his complete immersion in the " waters ", so that he may achieve a new birth.»el reparo que pone: el objeto de las libaciones no es siempre la germinación del muerto, sino ante todo su apaciguamiento y su inmersión completa para un nuevo nacimiento. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 218»

«The " agricultural destiny " that funeral libations sometimes include, is only one consequence of that final abolition of the human condition ; it is a new mode of manifestation, rendered possible by the power water has not only to dissolve but also to germinate life.»cómo ordena los dos sentidos: el destino agrícola es solo consecuencia de la abolición de la condición humana, posible porque el agua disuelve y también germina

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 218»

«There are a great number of cults and rites connected with various springs, streams and rivers throughout history to correspond to these many different values given to water.»abre §67: hay cultos y ritos innumerables ligados a fuentes, arroyos y ríos que corresponden a esos valores del agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 218»

«All these cults are primarily based on the sacredness of water as such, as an element in the creation of the universe, but also on the local epiphany, on the manifestation of a sacred presence in some particular watercourse or spring.»el doble fundamento que les asigna: la sacralidad del agua como tal y la epifanía local, la presencia sagrada en un curso o manantial determinado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 218»

«But, underlying these beliefs, and indeed all myths about human descent from the earth, vegetation, and stones, we find the same fundamental idea»la idea que ve debajo de esas creencias y de todo mito de descendencia humana de la tierra, la vegetación y las piedras; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 211»

«from which all living forms proceed, either by direct descent or by symbolic participation.»continuación en la plana siguiente: la vida está concentrada en una sustancia cósmica de la que proceden todas las formas vivientes, por descendencia directa o por participación simbólica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 212»

«The fear that moisture would " dissolve " the souls separated from their bodies, make them grow again and send them out once again into the round of the lower forms of life, was common in Greek soteriology.»sigue esa misma nota: el temor de que la humedad disolviera las almas separadas de sus cuerpos y las devolviera a la rueda de las formas inferiores era común en la soteriología griega

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 217»

«Later on the germinative function of water was depreciated, because the happiest lot after death came to be considered to be not reintegration into the cosmic round, but escaping from the world of organic forms into the empyrean, into the heavens.»cierre de esa nota: la función germinativa del agua se depreció cuando la mejor suerte tras la muerte dejó de ser volver a la rueda cósmica y pasó a ser escapar al empíreo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 217»

«Water flows, it is " living ", it moves : it inspires, it heals, it prophesies. By their very nature, spring and river display power, life, perpetual renewal ; they are and they are alive.»lo que el agua corriente muestra por su naturaleza: fluye, vive, se mueve, inspira, sana y profetiza, y manantial y río despliegan poder y renovación perpetua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 219»

«Thus they have a certain autonomy, and their worship persists in spite of other epiphanies and other religious revolutions. Each continues always to reveal the sacred force that is peculiarly its own, and at the same time shares in the prerogatives of water as such.»la autonomía que les atribuye: su culto persiste pese a otras epifanías y revoluciones religiosas, y cada uno revela su fuerza propia y participa de la del agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 219»

«The cult of water-and particularly of springs held to be curative, hot springs, salt springs and so on-displays a striking continuity.»la continuidad que consigna: el culto de las aguas, y sobre todo de los manantiales curativos, termales y salinos, muestra una continuidad llamativa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 219»

«No religious revolution has ever put a stop to it ; fed by popular devotion, the cult of water came to be tolerated even by Christianity, after the fruitless persecuting of it in the Middle Ages.»lo que ninguna revolución religiosa logró: detenerlo, y el cristianismo acabó tolerándolo tras perseguirlo en vano en la Edad Media

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 219»

«Ecclesiastical prohibitions were made over and over again from the Second Council of Arles443 or 452--until the Council of Treves in 1227. In addition, a considerable number of polemics, pastoral letters and other documents mark out for us the struggle made by the Church against the cult of water.»el aparato de la represión eclesiástica que enumera: prohibiciones desde el segundo concilio de Arlés hasta el de Tréveris de 1227, con polémicas y cartas pastorales. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 219»

«In the hot spring of Grisy (in the commune of Saint-Symphoriende-Marmagne) for instance, Neolithic and Roman " ex-votos " can be found.»el ejemplo arqueológico de Grisy: exvotos neolíticos y romanos en la misma fuente termal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 219»

«Rooted in prehistory, the cult was passed down to the Gauls, and later the Roman Gauls, whence it was taken up and assimilated by Christianity.»la cadena de transmisión que traza: de la prehistoria a los galos, de ahí a los galorromanos y por fin al cristianismo, que lo asimiló

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 219»

«The men came in their carts and feasted for three days by the lakeside, bringing as offerings linen, fragments of clothing, woollen thread, cheese, cakes and so on.»el rito del lago de Saint Andéol que describe Gregorio de Tours: tres días de festín a la orilla con ofrendas de lienzos, hilo, queso y tortas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 220»

«However, the custom of throwing cakes and wornout things into the lake remained alive till the nineteenth century ; pilgrims continued to throw shirts and trousers into the lake, though they did not really know what their object was in doing so.»la pervivencia que consigna: hasta el siglo XIX los peregrinos seguían echando camisas y pantalones al lago sin saber ya para qué

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 220»

«The early Sardinians worshipped springs, offering sacrifice to them and building sanctuaries beside them dedicated to Sarder Pater.»el caso sardo: los antiguos adoraban los manantiales, les sacrificaban y les levantaban santuarios dedicados a Sarder Pater

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 220»

«Beside the temples and the water, there took place ordeals, a religious phenomenon characteristic of the whole Atlanto-Mediterranean area.»el rito que añade: junto a los templos y al agua se hacían ordalías, fenómeno religioso característico de toda el área atlántico-mediterránea

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 220»

«At Lilybaeum (Marsala) the Greek Sybil was superimposed on a primitive local cult centring around a cave flooded with water ; the early Sicilians went there for ordeals or for prophetic retreats»el caso de Lilibeo: la sibila griega se superpuso a un culto local en una cueva anegada adonde se iba a ordalías y a retiros proféticos. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 220»

«Oracles were often situated near water. Near the temple of Amphirais, at Oropos, those who were cured by the oracle threw a coin into the water.»la correlación que abre el punto: los oráculos solían situarse junto al agua, y en Oropos los curados echaban una moneda al agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 221»

«The pythia prepared by drinking water from the Kassotis fountain. At Colophon, the prophet drank the water from a sacred spring which was in the grotto.»los dos ritos oraculares que alinea: la pitia se preparaba bebiendo agua de la fuente Casotis y en Colofón el profeta bebía de un manantial sagrado en la gruta

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 221»

«At Claros, the priest went down into the cave, drank some water from a mysterious fountain (hausta fontis arcani aqua) and replied in verse to any question he was asked (super rebus quas quis mente concepit).»el rito de Claros: el sacerdote bajaba a la cueva, bebía de una fuente misteriosa y respondía en verso a lo que se le preguntaba. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 221»

«That prophetic power emanates from water is a primitive intuition which we find in a great part of the world.»la intuición que generaliza: que del agua emane poder profético es intuición primitiva difundida por gran parte del mundo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 221»

«The ocean, for instance, was called by the Babylonians " the home of wisdom ". Oannes, the mythical Babylonian character half man, half fish, rose from the Persian Gulf and revealed to man culture, writing and astrology.»el ejemplo babilonio: el océano llamado casa de la sabiduría, y Oannes, mitad hombre y mitad pez, que salió del golfo Pérsico y reveló la cultura, la escritura y la astrología. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 221»

«The cult of water-rivers, springs and lakes-existed in Greece before the Indo-European invasions. Traces of this primitive cult were preserved up till the decline of Hellenism.»abre §68: el culto de las aguas existía en Grecia antes de las invasiones indoeuropeas y sus trazas duraron hasta el ocaso del helenismo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 221»

«the priest of the god Lykaios came there when there was a severe drought ; he sacrificed a branch of oak and let it drop into the spring.»el rito de la fuente Hagno que describe Pausanias: en la sequía el sacerdote de Liceo sacrificaba una rama de roble y la dejaba caer en el manantial

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 221»

«We find there no religious personification ; the power is in the spring itself, and that power, set in motion by the proper rite, governs the rain.»la lectura que da de ese rito: no hay personificación religiosa, el poder está en el manantial mismo y gobierna la lluvia cuando el rito lo pone en marcha

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 221»

«The Scamander had its priests ; an enclosure and an altar were consecrated at Spercheios. Horses and oxen were sacrificed to Poseidon and the divinities of the sea.»el aparato de culto que consigna: el Escamandro tenía sacerdotes, el Esperqueo recinto y altar, y a Poseidón se le sacrificaban caballos y bueyes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 222»

«Other Indo-European peoples also offered sacrifice to rivers ; for instance the Cimbri (who sacrificed to the Rhone), the Franks, Germans, Slavs and others.»la difusión del rito: también los cimbros, los francos, los germanos y los eslavos sacrificaban a los ríos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 222»

«This rite has numerous parallels in ethnology ; the Masai, in West Africa, throw in a handful of grass whenever they cross a river ; the Baganda, of central Africa, bring some coffee beans as an offering when they cross water, and so on.»los paralelos etnográficos que aduce: los masái echan un puñado de hierba al cruzar un río y los baganda ofrecen granos de café. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 222»

«The Hellenic river gods were sometimes in the likeness of men ; for instance, the Scamander fought against Achilles. 5 But for the most part they were represented as bulls.»la iconografía de los dioses fluviales griegos: a veces con figura humana, como el Escamandro que combatió a Aquiles, y las más como toros

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 222»

«The most famous river god of all was the Achelous. Homer even held him to be a great god, the divinity of all rivers, seas and springs. We have read of Achelous' struggles with Heracles ; his cult was carried on in Athens, Oropos, Megara, and a great many other cities.»el caso del Aqueloo: Homero lo tuvo por gran dios, divinidad de todos los ríos, mares y manantiales, con culto en Atenas, Oropos y Megara. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 222»

«Various interpretations have been given of its name, but it seems likely that the etymology is simply " water ".»la etimología que prefiere: de las varias propuestas para el nombre del Aqueloo, la más probable es sencillamente agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 222»

«It would not assist our purpose to quote all the water mythology of the Greeks. It is vast and not at all clearly defined. Innumerable mythological figures appear in endless succession, all with the same theme-that water divinities are born of water.»la abstención que declara sobre la mitología acuática griega: es vasta y poco definida, y su tema único es que las divinidades del agua nacen del agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 222»

«More than any other gods they live outside time and history. Closely bound up with the origin of the world, they only participate occasionally in what passes there. Their life is perhaps less divine than that of the other gods, but it is more regular and more closely connected with the element they represent.»lo que las distingue de los demás dioses: viven fuera del tiempo y de la historia, ligadas al origen del mundo y apenas partícipes de lo que ahí pasa. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 223»

«What Greek could boast that he knew the names of all the nymphs ? They were the divinities of all flowing waters, of all springs and of all fountains.»abre §69 con las ninfas: divinidades de todas las aguas corrientes, de todos los manantiales y de todas las fuentes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 223»

«They needed hardly to be created by the Hellenic imagination ; rather they were there, in the water, from the beginning of the world ; all the Greeks had to give them was their human form and their name.»lo que sostiene sobre su origen: no hubo que crearlas, estaban en el agua desde el principio del mundo y los griegos solo les dieron forma humana y nombre

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 223»

«They were created by the living, flowing water, by its magic, by the power emanating from it, by its babbling.»quién las creó según él: el agua viva y corriente, su magia, el poder que emana de ella y su murmullo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 223»

«Once detached. personified, and invested with all the powers of water. they became subjects of legend, they were brought into epics, were petitioned to work wonders.»lo que pasó al personificarlas: entraron en la leyenda y en la épica y se les pidieron prodigios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 223»

«As minor divinities of certain places, they were well known to men and they were the object of worship and received sacrifices.»el estatuto de culto que tenían: divinidades menores de ciertos lugares, bien conocidas de los hombres, con culto y sacrificios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 223»

«But they also dwell in caves where there is water. The " nymphs' cave " became a commonplace in Hellenist literature, and the most " literary ", that is profane, formula, the furthest from the primitive religious sense, from the pattern of water-cosmic-cave-happinessFertility-Wisdom.»el tópico literario que consigna y su lectura: la cueva de las ninfas, la fórmula más profana y más lejana del patrón agua, cueva, felicidad, fertilidad y sabiduría. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo. El *happinessFertility* es unión del guion de fin de renglón en la cadena *water-cosmic-cave-happiness-Fertility-Wisdom*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 223»

«The nymphs, once personified, entered into men's lives. They were divinities of birth (water=fertility) and kourotrophoi; they brought children up, and taught them to become heroes.»el papel que asumen al personificarse: divinidades del nacimiento y kourotrophoi, que crían a los niños y les enseñan a volverse héroes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 223»

«Nearly all the Greek heroes were brought up either by nymphs or by centaurs-that is, by superhuman beings who shared in nature's powers and could direct them.»el dato que aduce: casi todos los héroes griegos fueron criados por ninfas o por centauros, seres sobrehumanos que participaban de los poderes de la naturaleza

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 223»

«Heroic initiations were never a thing of the family ; nor were they generally " civic ", for they took place not in the city but in the forests, and woodlands.»lo que fija sobre las iniciaciones heroicas: no eran de familia ni por lo común cívicas, porque ocurrían en los bosques y no en la ciudad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«That is why we find, alongside the veneration for nymphs (as for other spirits of nature), a fear of them.»el reverso que consigna: junto a la veneración de las ninfas hay miedo de ellas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«Nymphs often stole children ; or, on other occasions, they would kill them out of jealousy. We find written on the tomb of one five-yearold girl : " I was lovable because I was good, and it was not death that bore me off but the Naiads.»lo que se les temía: robaban niños o los mataban por celos, con el epitafio de la niña de cinco años que cita

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«Nymphs were also dangerous in another way ; anyone who saw them. in the heat of midday became mentally deranged.»el segundo peligro: quien las veía en el calor del mediodía quedaba trastornado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«The middle of the day was the moment when the nymphs manifested themselves. Whoever saw them became seized with a nympholeptic mania ; like Tiresias, who saw Pallas and Chariclo, or Actaeon, who came upon Artemis with her nymphs.»el momento de su epifanía y sus víctimas: el mediodía, con Tiresias que vio a Palas y Actitas que sorprendió a Ártemis. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«That is why it was advisable, at midday, not to go near fountains or springs, or the shadow of certain trees.»la prudencia que se seguía: al mediodía convenía no acercarse a fuentes ni manantiales ni a la sombra de ciertos árboles

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«The prophetic quality of water remains in all these beliefs, though with inevitable ad:ulterations and mythological embroideries.»lo que persiste en esas creencias: la cualidad profética del agua, con las inevitables adulteraciones y bordados mitológicos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«What persists above all is the ambivalent feeling of fear and attraction to water which at once destroys (for the " fascination " of the nymphs brings madness, the destruction of the personality) and germinates, which at once kills and assists birth.»lo que persiste ante todo: el sentimiento ambivalente de miedo y atracción ante el agua, que destruye y germina, mata y ayuda a nacer. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«But above Achelous, Thetis and all the other minor water divinities is Poseidon.»abre §70: por encima del Aqueloo, de Tetis y de las demás divinidades menores del agua está Poseidón

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«The sea, when it is angry, loses its feminine qualities of undulating seductiveness and lazy pleasure -and its mythological personification acquires a markedly masculine outline.»la observación que hace: el mar airado pierde sus cualidades femeninas y su personificación mitológica adquiere perfil marcadamente masculino

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«When the universe was divided among the sons of Krenos, Poseidon was given power over the ocean. Homer knew him as the god of the seas ; his palace was at the bottom of the Ocean, and his symbol was the trident»el reparto mítico y los atributos: al dividirse el universo entre los hijos de Crono, Poseidón recibió el océano, con palacio en el fondo y el tridente por símbolo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 224»

«Poseidon was also the god of earthquakes, which the Greeks held to be due to erosion by water. The furious waves breaking wildly on the shore were reminiscent of seismic tremors.»la segunda función que le adjudica: dios de los terremotos, que los griegos atribuían a la erosión del agua

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 225»

«Like the ocean itself, Poseidon was untamed, unhappy, faithless. The picture of him in myth has no moral qualities ; he was too near the Neptunian origin to know any law apart from his own mode of existence.»el retrato moral que da: indómito, infeliz y pérfido como el océano, sin más ley que su propio modo de existir por estar demasiado cerca del origen neptúnico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 225»

«Poseidon reveals a certain cosmic condition : waters pre-existed creation, and rhythmically swallow it up once more»la condición cósmica que revela Poseidón: las aguas preexistieron a la creación y rítmicamente vuelven a tragársela. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 225»

«In Scandinavian mythology, .tEgir (eagor, " the sea ") personifies the limitless ocean.»el caso escandinavo: Aegir personifica el océano sin límites

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 225»

«His wife is the perfidious Ran (rana, " to plunder ") who takes her net over the whole sea, drawing whatever she meets down to her dwelling beneath it. Drowned men go to Ran, men thrown into the sea are sacrificed to her.»la figura de Ran: tiende su red por todo el mar y arrastra a su morada lo que encuentra, y los ahogados le pertenecen

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 225»

«gir and Ran have nine daughters, each representing one aspect of the ocean, one moment of the epiphany of the sea : Kolga (the untamed sea), Bylgja (the swell), Hrafn (the despoiler), Drafn (the waves seizing and dragging things along with them) and so on.»las nueve hijas de Aegir y Ran, cada una un aspecto del océano: el mar indómito, el oleaje, la despojadora, las olas que arrastran. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 225»

«At the bottom of the ocean there stands the magnificent palace of .tEgir, where all the gods sometimes gather. There, for instance, took place the famous banquet round the vast cauldron which Thor stole from the giant Ymir (another spirit of the ocean)-a miraculous cauldron in which the drink used to make and stir itself»el palacio de Aegir en el fondo del océano, donde los dioses se reúnen y donde se celebró el banquete del caldero robado al gigante Ymir. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 225»

«there Loki came to disturb the good will the gods bore each other (cf. Lokasenna) by calumniating them all together with their goddess-wives (he was finally punished by being bound to a rock at the bottom of the sea).»el episodio de Loki en ese palacio: turbó la concordia de los dioses calumniándolos y fue atado a una roca en el fondo del mar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 225»

«What particularly interests us here is the telling detail that most of the magic and mythological cauldrons were found at the bottom of the sea or of lakes.»el detalle que le importa de esos calderos mágicos: casi todos se hallaban en el fondo del mar o de los lagos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 225»

«The traditional city of the magic cauldron in Ireland, Murias, gets its name from muir, the sea.»el dato irlandés: la ciudad tradicional del caldero mágico, Murias, toma su nombre de muir, el mar

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 226»

«There is magic power in water ; cauldrons, kettles, chalices; are all receptacles of this magic force which is often symbolized by some divine liquor such as ambrosia or " living water " ; they confer immortality or eternal youth, or they change whoever owns them into a hero or a god, etc.»lo que esos recipientes reúnen: calderos, ollas y cálices son receptáculos de la fuerza mágica del agua, que da inmortalidad o juventud eterna. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 226»

«Dragons, snakes, shell-fish, dolphins, fish and so on are the emblems of water ; hidden in the depths of the ocean, they are infused with the sacred power of the abyss ; lying quietly in lakes or swimming across rivers, they bring rain, moisture, and floods, thus governing the fertility of the world.»abre §71 con los emblemas del agua: dragones, serpientes, moluscos, delfines y peces, cargados del poder sagrado del abismo, que traen la lluvia y rigen la fertilidad. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 226»

«Dragons dwell in the clouds and in lakes ; they have charge of thunderbolts ; they pour down water from the skies, making both fields and women fruitful.»lo que hacen los dragones: moran en las nubes y en los lagos, tienen a su cargo el rayo y vierten el agua del cielo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 226»

«according to Tchouang Tseu, symbolize rhythmic life, 2 for the dragon stands for the spirit of water, whose harmonious fluctuations feed life and make all civilization possible.»la lectura que toma de Zhuangzi: dragones y serpientes simbolizan la vida rítmica, porque el dragón es el espíritu del agua cuya fluctuación armoniosa alimenta la vida

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 226»

«The dragon Ying gathers all the waters together and orders the rain, for he is himself the principle of moisture. 3 " When a drought grows acute, they make an image of the dragon Ying and it starts to rain.»el rito que cita: el dragón Ying junta las aguas y ordena la lluvia, y en la sequía aguda se hace una imagen suya y empieza a llover

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 226»

«The beast of the thunder has the body of a dragon and a human head.»la fórmula china que cita: la bestia del trueno tiene cuerpo de dragón y cabeza humana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 226»

«The father [of Kao-Chu] was called T'ai-kong ; his mother was called the venerable Liou. The venerable Liou was one day resting beside a large pool and she dreamt that she met with a god ; at that moment there was thunder, lightning, and great darkness ; T'ai-kong went to see what was happening and he saw a scaly dragon on top of his wife; as a result she became pregnant and gave birth to Kao-Chu.»el mito dinástico chino que cita: la madre de Kao-Chu soñó que se encontraba con un dios y su marido vio un dragón escamoso sobre ella. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 227»

«In China the dragon-an emblem of sky and water-was constantly associated with the Emperor, who represented the rhythms of the cosmos and conferred fecundity on the earth.»el vínculo político que traza: en China el dragón, emblema de cielo y agua, iba asociado al emperador, que representaba los ritmos del cosmos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 227»

«A king of the Hsia dynasty, to guarantee the development of his kingdom, ate dragons.»el dato que aduce: un rey de la dinastía Hsia comía dragones para garantizar el desarrollo de su reino

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 227»

«At death, or even sometimes while still alive, the Emperor returned to heaven ; so, for instance, Huang-ti, the Yellow Sovereign, was taken up to heaven by a bearded dragon, with his wives and councillors, seventy people in all.»el mito de la subida del emperador: Huang-ti fue llevado al cielo por un dragón barbudo con sus esposas y consejeros, setenta personas en total

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 227»

«In Chinese mythology, which is that of a people living away from the sea, the dragon, emblem of water, has always got more definite sky powers than he has elsewhere. The fertility of water becomes centred in the clouds, in the world above.»lo que la geografía explica a su juicio: en la mitología china, de un pueblo lejos del mar, el dragón tiene poderes celestes más definidos y la fertilidad del agua se centra en las nubes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 227»

«But the pattern fecundity-water-kingship (or holiness) is more closely adhered to in the South-East Asian mythologies in which the ocean is seen as the foundation of all reality and the giver of all powers.»el contraste con el sudeste asiático: allí el patrón fecundidad, agua y realeza se conserva mejor porque el océano se ve como fundamento de toda realidad

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 227»

«has analyzed a great many Australasian and Indonesian legends and folk tales which all present one special feature : the hero owes his extraordinary status (of " king " or " saint ") to the fact that he was born of a water animal.»lo que Przyluski halló en las leyendas australasianas e indonesias: el héroe debe su condición de rey o de santo a haber nacido de un animal acuático

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 227»

«In her sea form, or as a " princess smelling of fish ", Nagi mated with a brahman and founded a dynasty {the Indonesian version, also found in Champa, Pegu, Siam, etc.).»el motivo de la nagi: en forma marina o como princesa que huele a pescado, se une a un brahmán y funda una dinastía

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 228»

«According to one Palaung legend, the nagi Thusandi loved the prince Thuriya, son of the Sun ; 2 three sons were born of their union : one became Emperor of China, one King of the Palaung, the third king in Pagan.»la leyenda palaung: de la nagi Thusandi y el príncipe Thuriya, hijo del Sol, nacieron tres hijos, emperador de China, rey palaung y rey de Pagan. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 228»

«Note the opposition between serpent (fish, sea monster, symbol of water, of darkness, of the unseen) and sun (" son of the sun ", or Brahman, etc. ; symbol of the seen)-an opposition done away with by a mythical marriage which founded a dynasty, which, in other words, opened a new epoch in history. Whenever one tries to " formulate "divinity, one finds a fusion of cpposite principles (cf. Eliade, Mitu/ Reintegrarii, p. 52). In the myths of Indonesia and South-East Asia to which I refer above, this coincidentia oppositorum signifies the end of a cycle by a return to the primeval unity, followed by the establishment of a " dynasty ", or new cycle of history.»nota al pie donde declara la lógica del motivo: la oposición entre serpiente y sol se abole por un matrimonio mítico que funda una dinastía, coincidentia oppositorum que cierra un ciclo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 228»

«In southern India it is believed that one of the ancestors of the Pallava dynasty married a Nagi, and received from her the insignia of kingship.»el caso del sur de la India: un antepasado de la dinastía Pallava se casó con una nagi y recibió de ella las insignias de la realeza

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 228»

«The kings of Chota-Nagpur were also descended from a niiga (spirit of a snake) called Pundarika : this latter, it is said, had evil-smelling breath, a detail reminiscent of the " princess smelling of fish ".»el caso de Chota Nagpur: los reyes descendían de un naga llamado Pundarika, de aliento maloliente, detalle que recuerda a la princesa que huele a pescado

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 228»

«According to a tradition preserved in southern India, the sage Agastya was born with Vasiňtha in a vase of water, from the union of the gods Mitra and Varui).a with the apsaras Urvasi. That is why he was called Kuthbhasarhbhava (born of Kumbhamata, the vasegoddess) and Pitabdhi (swallower of the ocean). Agastya married the daughter of the Ocean.»la tradición del sur de la India sobre Agastya: nacido en un vaso de agua de la unión de Mitra y Varuna con la apsara Urvasi, y casado con la hija del Océano. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 228»

«In England springs near some of the prehistoric barrows and megalithic manu»el caso inglés: los manantiales junto a túmulos y megalitos prehistóricos; el tramo se corta antes de la llamada de nota que el troceo pega al cuerpo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 219»

«ments are held by the local inhabitants to be miraculous or beneficent.»continuación en la plana siguiente: los lugareños los tienen por milagrosos o benéficos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 220»

«A priest, Parthenius, having in vain tried to convince»lo que hizo el presbítero Parteno ante el rito del lago; el tramo se corta en el cambio de plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 220»

«the peasants to give up this pagan ceremonial, built a church to which the men eventually brought the offerings intended for the lake.»continuación en la plana siguiente: no logró disuadirlos y levantó una iglesia adonde acabaron llevando las ofrendas del lago

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 220»

«during the time of the Greek colonization the Sybil held sway and prophesied»la cadena de sustituciones en la cueva de Lilibeo: en la colonización griega la sibila dominó y profetizó. El tramo se corta antes de la coma que abre la cláusula siguiente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 220»

About the work

178 entries — what the apparatus and scholarship say about it

«TRANSLATED BY ROSEMARY SHEED SHEED & WARD • NEW YORK LONDON AND NEW YORK»la portada declara la traducción de Rosemary Sheed y el sello Sheed & Ward con sus dos plazas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 4»

«FIRST PUBUSHED 1958 <D Slwecl & Ward, luc., 19.5& SHEED AND WARD INC. 840 BROADWAY NEW YORK 3 This book is a translation of Traite d'histoire des Religions, published by Editions Payot, Paris. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 58-5885»la página de derechos, con el año de primera edición impreso *PUBUSHED* por el OCR y la línea de © corrompida en *<D Slwecl & Ward, luc., 19.5&*, que parece decir © Sheed & Ward, Inc., 1958; el número de catálogo de la Library of Congress concuerda con ese año

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 5»

«PATTERNS IN COMPARATIVE RELIGION BY MIRCEA ELIADE»la portada nombra la obra y a su autor; es la única plana donde el título va completo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 4»

«Mauufactured in the United States uf America»el pie de imprenta, con dos erratas de OCR en la misma línea (*Mauufactured*, *uf*)

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 5»

«CHAPTER CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . AUTHOR'S FOREWORD»el índice abre declarando las dos piezas de aparato que preceden al cuerpo, la lista de abreviaturas y el prólogo del autor

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 6»

«APPROXIMATIONS: THE STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE SACRED .»título del capítulo I en el índice: el libro empieza por el planteamiento morfológico y no por una definición de religión

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 6»

«THE MOON AND ITS MYSTIQUE 47. The Moon and Time»título del capítulo IV en el índice, con el primero de sus parágrafos numerados; la numeración corrida de §1 a §172 es el sistema de referencia interno del libro

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 7»

«SACRED PLACES: TEMPLE, PALACE, " CENTRE OF THE WORLD " .»título del capítulo X en el índice, donde el centro del mundo aparece ya entrecomillado por Eliade como término técnico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 8»

«THE MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF MYTHS»título del capítulo XII en el índice

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 9»

«CONCLUSIONS NAME INDEX SUBJECT INDEX»cierre del índice: tras los trece capítulos vienen unas conclusiones y los dos índices, de nombres y de materias

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 9»

«A eta Orientalia American Anthropologist American Journal of the Semitic»arranque de la lista de abreviaturas, que es un censo de las revistas de las que el libro se surte; el OCR parte *Acta* en *A eta*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 10»

«Atharva Veda Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin»la lista mete entre las revistas las siglas de los textos sagrados que cita por abreviatura, como el Atharva Veda

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 10»

«Eranos Jahrbuch Ethnos. . Etudes asiatiques Folklore Folklore Fellowship Communications.»muestra del tramo alemán y nórdico de la lista, con el Eranos Jahrbuch y las Folklore Fellowship Communications entre sus fuentes habituales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 10»

«Rg Veda . . Revue d'histoire des religions»la lista abrevia también el Rg Veda y la Revue d'histoire des religions, las dos referencias que más vuelven en el cuerpo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 11»

«Zalmoxis (Cahiers de Zalmoxis) . . . . Zeitschrift der deutschen morgen/iindischen Gese/lschaft Zeitschrift for Ethnologie»cierre de la lista, donde figura Zalmoxis, la revista que el propio Eliade fundó en Bucarest; el OCR corrompe los títulos alemanes (*morgen/iindischen*, *Gese/lschaft*, *for* por *für*)

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 11»

«A great part of the morphological analyses and the methodological conclusions of this book was given as lectures in my courses on the history of religions at the University of Bucharest,»Eliade da la procedencia del material: las analíticas morfológicas y las conclusiones de método vienen de sus cursos de historia de las religiones en la Universidad de Bucarest

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 16»

«For this English edition, corrections have been made in the text, and the bibliographies have been brought up to date.»declara lo que distingue a esta edición inglesa del original francés: correcciones en el texto y bibliografías puestas al día

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 16»

«Translated and quoted by Uvy-Bruhl in Primitives and the Supernatural, London, 1936, pp. 45-6.»nota al pie con la procedencia del testimonio de Kruyt: traducido y citado por Lévy-Bruhl en Primitives and the Supernatural; el troceo imprime *Uvy-Bruhl*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«H. Webster, Taboo, A Sociological Study, Stanford, 1942, pp.»nota al pie con la referencia a Taboo, A Sociological Study de H. Webster, una de las dos obras a las que remite para el tabú

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 33»

«Robertson Smith, The Religion of the Semites, 3rd ed., London, 1927,»nota al pie que remite a The Religion of the Semites de Robertson Smith para la ambivalencia de lo sagrado en el mundo semítico antiguo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 34»

«W. F. Albright, From the Stone Age to Christianity, 2nd ed., Baltimore,»nota al pie que remite a From the Stone Age to Christianity de W. F. Albright para el mismo asunto entre los egipcios

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 34»

«Cf. Van der Leeuw, Religion in Essence and Manifestation, London, 1938,»nota al pie con la remisión a Religion in Essence and Manifestation de Van der Leeuw a propósito del mana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 38»

«Codrington, The Melanesians, Oxford, 1 891,»nota al pie con la fuente del mana melanesio, The Melanesians de Codrington; el troceo parte la cifra del año en *1 891*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 38»

«BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SUGGESTIONS PuEcH, H. C., " Bibliographie generale ", Mana, Introduction a l'histoire»encabezado de la bibliografía que cierra el capítulo I; el rótulo que Eliade usa es *Bibliographical Suggestions* y no bibliografía exhaustiva, conforme a lo que declara en el prólogo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 53»

«General Reading, Handbooks, and the History of Religion in General CAILLOIS, R., L'homme et le sacre, Paris»primer epígrafe de esa bibliografía, con L'homme et le sacré de Caillois a la cabeza: el libro que Eliade cita en el prólogo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 53»

«Comparative Method and Historical Method JoRDAN, L. H., Comparative Religion, Its Genesis and Growth»epígrafe dedicado al método comparado y al histórico, donde alinea a Jordan, Pinard de la Boulaye, Pettazzoni, Schmidt y Koppers

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 53»

«LowiE R. H., Primitive Religion, New York, 1 924 ; RADIN, P., Primitive Religion. Its Nature and Origin, London»muestra del epígrafe de etnología, con Primitive Religion de Lowie y la de Radin; el troceo imprime *LowiE* y *RADIN*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 54»

«Religious Phenomenolgy and Sociology Orro, R., The Idea of the Holy, London, 1 950 ; id., Aufsiitze das Numinose betreffend, Gotha, 1 923 ; VAN DER LEEUW, G., Religion in Essence and Manifestation, London»epígrafe de fenomenología y sociología religiosas, encabezado por Otto y Van der Leeuw; el rótulo sale del OCR como *Phenomenolgy*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 54»

«Taboo, Mana, Magic and Religion VAN GENNEP, A., Tabou et totemisme a Madagascar, Paris»epígrafe sobre tabú, mana, magia y religión, abierto con la monografía de Van Gennep sobre Madagascar que usó en el §6

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 54»

«The beliefs, customs and usages connected with the Polynesian terms mana and tapu are so widely diverse that if we were to attempt to formulate definitions which would cover all of them, such formulations would be of such a general character that they might be attributed to any human culture.»cita que Eliade inserta dentro de la propia bibliografía, tomada de Williamson: las creencias ligadas a mana y tapu son tan diversas que una definición que las cubriera todas valdría para cualquier cultura humana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 55»

«On brahman, hamingja, hosia, imperium, etc. : ARBMAN, E., " Seele und Mana»subepígrafe con la bibliografía de los términos que en el §7 alineó junto al mana: brahman, hamingja, hosia, imperium

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 55»

«An Ethnographic Theory of the Magic Word " ; ALLIER, R., The Mind of the Savage, London»cierre de la bibliografía del capítulo I, con la teoría etnográfica de la palabra mágica de Malinowski y The Mind of the Savage de Allier

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 56»

«RECENT DISCUSSION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY The problem of the sky gods of less civilized races has been stated mainly in connection with Supreme Beings and " primitive monotheism ". Consequently, most of the works mentioned here look at these beings in general as divine " forms ", and only consider their celestial characteristics as a subsidiary question (apart, of course, from the works of Pettazzoni and Frazer, whose purpose is, precisely, an exhaustive illustration of those celestial qualities).»encabezado y nota preliminar de la bibliografía del capítulo II, donde Eliade advierte que la mayoría de esas obras mira a los Seres Supremos como formas divinas y trata lo celeste como cuestión subsidiaria. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 131»

«General Studies on primitive Supreme Beings : PETTAZZONI, R., " Allwissende hochste Wesen bei primitivsten Volkem ", AFR W, 1930»primer epígrafe de esa bibliografía, encabezado por Pettazzoni y su estudio sobre los seres supremos omniscientes de los pueblos más primitivos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 131»

«For the Lang-Hartland controversy about Andrew Lang's book, see The Making of Religion, London, 1898»muestra del modo en que registra las polémicas: la de Lang y Hartland a propósito de The Making of Religion

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 131»

«On the sky gods of Africa : general study, PETTAZZONI, R., Dio, vol. i, pp. 1 86-259 ; FRAZER, J., The Worship of Nature, London»el epígrafe africano de la bibliografía, con el Dio de Pettazzoni y The Worship of Nature de Frazer, las dos fuentes de las que salen casi todos sus ejemplos africanos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 132»

«On the divinity of the sky among the Indo-Aryans (Dieus, etc.) : VoN ScHRODER, L., Arische Religion; I; Einleitung. Der Altarische Himmels»epígrafe de la bibliografía sobre la divinidad celeste indoaria, encabezado por el Arische Religion de von Schroeder

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 136»

«On Vedic India : for the texts, translations and an immense critical bibliography, see RENou, L., Bibliographie vedique, Paris»epígrafe de la India védica, que remite a la Bibliographie védique de Renou para textos, traducciones y bibliografía crítica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 136»

«On the Greek material there is one book which is as good as an entire library : CooK, A. B., Zeus. A Study in Ancient Religion, Cambridge»el juicio que emite sobre el Zeus de A. B. Cook: un libro que vale por una biblioteca entera

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 137»

«The Indo-European myth of a sky of stone uniting itself to the earth, which H. REICHELT has pieced together in " Der steinerne Himmel ", IGF, 1913, vol. xxxii, pp. 23-57, is not supported by the texts»la negativa que consigna en bibliografía: el mito indoeuropeo de un cielo de piedra que Reichelt reconstruyó no está sostenido por los textos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 136»

«A general study of the ancient Germanic religions with a large critical bibliography has been given us by DE VRIES, Jan, Altgermanische Re/igionsgeschichte, vols. i-ii, Berlin and Leipzig, 1935»el epígrafe germánico, que remite a la Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte de Jan de Vries como estudio general con bibliografía crítica

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 137»

«On Perun : MANSIKKA, V. J., Die RC'Iigion da OstslavC'm, vol. i, Helsinki, 1 922»epígrafe sobre Perun, abierto con la obra de Mansikka sobre la religión de los eslavos orientales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 138»

«thinks that " the Vedic lndra and the Hittite Innara might both belong to a series of bisexual divinities, which were much the same as the Great Goddesses ; the hermaphroditic Venus, Fortuna barbara, Zervan, Kala»cita a Przyluski, para quien el Indra védico y el Innara hitita pertenecerían a una serie de divinidades bisexuales semejantes a las Grandes Diosas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 138»

«But this is too superficial a view ; it is not certain that the Great Goddess " was replaced by a Great God in the pantheons of the Semitic and IndoEuropean races " (p. 142) ; divine androgyny is not always a secondary phenomenon (cf. p. I 60) ; ritual hermaphroditism cannot be explained in terms of hybrid cults, half way between worshipping a Great Goddess and a Great God.»la objeción que le opone en la propia bibliografía: la vista es demasiado superficial, la androginia divina no siempre es fenómeno secundario y el hermafroditismo ritual no se explica por cultos híbridos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 138»

«On storm gods in the near East and their relations with the bull, the Great Mother and so forth, cf. MALTEN, L., " Der Stier in Kult und mythischen Bild ", JDAI, 1928»epígrafe sobre los dioses de la tormenta del Próximo Oriente y sus relaciones con el toro y la Gran Madre, abierto con el estudio de Malten

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 139»

«On the sovereignty of Yahweh, there is a rich bibliography i n GRABAR's " Le Theme rcligieux des fresques de Ia synagogue de Doura ", RHR, 1941, no. 363, p. 27, n. l .»epígrafe sobre la soberanía de Yahvé, que remite al trabajo de Grabar sobre los frescos de la sinagoga de Dura

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 140»

«Of the wealth of bibliography on the Asvamedha, the sacrificing of horses, and the Indo-European divinities that are either equine in form or ride horses, I will mention only : DuMoNT, P., L'Aǚvamedha, Paris, 1 927»epígrafe sobre el Asvamedha y el sacrificio del caballo, donde declara que solo menciona una parte de la bibliografía disponible

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 140»

«On the sacred meaning and symbolism of the mountain, the " centre ", etc. : AUTRAN, C., La Flotte ti l'enseigne du poisson, pp. 31 ff.»epígrafe sobre el sentido sagrado y el simbolismo de la montaña y del centro, donde Eliade se cita a sí mismo junto a Autran, Dussaud y Jeremias

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 141»

«On ascension symbolism (steps, stairs, etc.) : Egypt : BUDGE, Wallis, From Fetish to God in Ancient Egypt»epígrafe sobre el simbolismo de la ascensión, repartido por áreas culturales y abierto por Egipto

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 141»

«On the sacrificing of horses among the Turco-Mongols, the ascension symbolism of the Altaics, etc. : see RADLOV, W., A us Sibirien»cierre de la bibliografía del capítulo II, sobre el sacrificio de caballos entre los turco-mongoles y el simbolismo altaico de la ascensión

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 141»

«CHADWICK, Nora K., " Shamanism among the Tartars of Central Asia ", JRAI, 1936, vol. lxvi, pp. 75 If. ; ScHMIDT, W., Ursprung, vol. ix, pp. 278 If. ; vol. x, pp. 23 1 If., 321 If. ; ELIADE, M., Le Chamanisme, pp.»última entrada de esa bibliografía, donde Eliade remite a su propio Chamanisme como cierre del capítulo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 142»

«suggests that the name of Unkulunkulu can be traced to a Sumerian prototype, AN-gal-gal (the Zulu un being the same as the Sumerian an, anu, " heaven ", " God in heaven ").»entrada bibliográfica con una etimología que Eliade consigna sin suscribir: Wanger propone que el nombre zulú Unkulunkulu venga de un prototipo sumerio

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 133»

«On the religions of Indonesia and Melanesia : PETTAZZONI, R., Dio, vol. i, pp. 109-85»epígrafe indonesio y melanesio de la bibliografía del capítulo II, abierto con el Dio de Pettazzoni

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 133»

«On the religions of the Arctic civilizations : general study, ScHMIDT, W., Ursprung, vol. iii, pp. 331-64»epígrafe sobre las religiones de las civilizaciones árticas, que remite al Ursprung der Gottesidee de Schmidt

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 134»

«The Eskimos : BoAs, F., The Central Esquimo, 6th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1 884-5, Washington»subepígrafe esquimal, abierto con The Central Eskimo de Boas; el troceo imprime *Esquimo*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 134»

«On the lunar elements in Ulgen (and his double, Erlik), cf. KoPPERS, W., " Pferdeopfer und Pferdekult der Indogermanen ", WBKL, SalzburgLeipzig, 1936, vol. iv, pp. 279-41 2»subepígrafe sobre los elementos lunares de Ulgen y de su doble Erlik, con el estudio de Koppers sobre el sacrificio del caballo. El *SalzburgLeipzig* es unión del guion de fin de renglón: lo impreso es *Salzburg-Leipzig*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 135»

«The Chinese sky god : DE GROOT, J. J. M., The Religion of the Chinese»epígrafe sobre el dios chino del cielo, con De Groot y Granet, las fuentes de las que salen sus citas del capítulo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 135»

«According to E. Chavannes, Chang-ti, the " Supreme Lord " and T'ien, the " Sky " meant at first two distinct divine beings»la tesis de Chavannes que consigna: Chang-ti, el Señor Supremo, y T'ien, el Cielo, habrían designado al principio dos seres divinos distintos, algo como Urano y Zeus

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 135»

«It is always useful to read the three volumes A. BI!RGAIGNE has devoted to La Religion vedique d'apres /es hymnes du Rig»recomendación que Eliade inserta en la propia bibliografía: siempre es útil leer los tres volúmenes que Bergaigne dedicó a la religión védica según los himnos del Rig Veda; el troceo imprime el apellido *BI!RGAIGNE* y *les* como */es*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 136»

«On sun cults in general : BoLL, F., Die Sonne im Glauben und in der Weltanschauung der a/ten Volker, Stuttgart, 1922»encabezado y primer epígrafe de la bibliografía del capítulo III

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 171»

«On sun myths : EHRENREICH, P., " Die Sonne im Mythos ", Mythologische Bibliothek»epígrafe sobre los mitos solares, abierto con Die Sonne im Mythos de Ehrenreich

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 171»

«On the " solarization " of the Supreme Being : PETIAZZONI, R., Dio, Rome, 1922, vol. i, p. 367.»el epígrafe más breve de esa bibliografía, sobre la solarización del Ser Supremo, que remite a una sola página del Dio de Pettazzoni

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 171»

«On the significance of solar symbolism in Christian theology : RAHNER, Hugo, " Das christliche Mysterium von Sonne und Mond»último epígrafe de la bibliografía del capítulo III, sobre el simbolismo solar en la teología cristiana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 172»

«On the sun religion in Egypt : VANDmR, J., " La Religion egyptienne»epígrafe egipcio de esa bibliografía, abierto con el estudio de Vandier

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 171»

«On lunar cults and myths in general : ScHMIDT, W., Semaine d'ethno/ogie»encabezado y primer epígrafe de la bibliografía del capítulo IV

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 205»

«On the relations of the moon, serpents, sexuality, death and initiation : BRIFFAULT, R., The Mothers, London»epígrafe sobre las relaciones de luna, serpientes, sexualidad, muerte e iniciación, abierto con The Mothers de Briffault

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 205»

«On the traces of lunar cults at Ras-Shamra, cf. GASTER, Theodor, " A Canaanite Ritual Drama»epígrafe sobre las trazas de culto lunar en Ras Shamra, con el drama ritual cananeo de Gaster

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 205»

«On the lunar elements in Tantrism : Tucci, G., " Tracce di culto»epígrafe sobre los elementos lunares del tantrismo, donde Eliade cita el estudio de Tucci y el suyo propio

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 206»

«9n the lunar nature of cosmic and historic cycles : see ELIADE, M., The Myth of the Eternal Return, London»epígrafe donde Eliade remite a su propio Myth of the Eternal Return para la naturaleza lunar de los ciclos cósmicos e históricos; el troceo imprime *9n* por *On*

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 206»

«Water Cosmogonies : WENSINCK, A. J., The Ocean in the Literature»encabezado y primer epígrafe de la bibliografía del capítulo V, sobre las cosmogonías acuáticas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 232»

«On the magic and religious significance of water : NrNCK, M., " Die Bedeutung des Wassers»epígrafe sobre el significado mágico y religioso del agua, abierto con el estudio de Ninck

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 232»

«On the symbolism of Baptism : LUNDBERG, P., La Typologie baptisma/e»epígrafe sobre el simbolismo del bautismo, con Lundberg, Daniélou, Beirnaert y el propio Eliade

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 232»

«On the water symbolism of the spiral : SIRET, L., Origine el signification du decor spira/e»epígrafe sobre el simbolismo acuático de la espiral, con el informe de Siret al congreso de antropología

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 233»

«On the worship of springs, streams, rivers ; on Neptunian divinities : PETTAZZONI, R., La Re/igione primitiva in Sardegna»epígrafe sobre el culto de manantiales, arroyos y ríos y sobre las divinidades neptúnicas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 233»

«On the funeral use of water : PARROT, A., Le " Refrigerium " dans»epígrafe sobre el uso funerario del agua, con el Refrigerium de Parrot y el estudio propio de Eliade

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 233»

«Dragons in China and in Eastern Asia ; the descent of sovereigns from the nagi : GRANET, Marcel, Danses et /egendes de Ia Chine ancienne»último epígrafe de esa bibliografía, sobre los dragones de China y Asia oriental y la descendencia de los soberanos respecto de la nagi

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 234»

«On prehistoric funeral stones and megaliths : VoN HEINE-GELDERN, " Die Megalithen Sudostasiens»encabezado y primer epígrafe de la bibliografía del capítulo VI, sobre piedras funerarias prehistóricas y megalitos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 255»

«On the part played by prehistoric stones (megaliths, cromlechs, menhirs, " thunderstones ", and so on) in popular beliefs, cf. SAINTYVES, P., Corpus»epígrafe sobre el papel de las piedras prehistóricas en las creencias populares, encabezado por el Corpus du folklore préhistorique de Saintyves

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 255»

«On the myth of stone giants, cf. LEHMANN-NITSCHE, Robert, " Ein Mythcntherna aus Feuerland»epígrafe sobre el mito de los gigantes de piedra, con el estudio de Lehmann-Nitsche

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 256»

«On " rain stones " : FRAZER, Sir J., The Magic Art and the Evolution»epígrafe sobre las piedras de lluvia, abierto con The Magic Art de Frazer

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 256»

«On the omphalos: RoHDE, E., Psyche, London»epígrafe sobre el ónfalo, abierto con la Psyche de Rohde y seguido de los tres estudios de Roscher

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 257»

«On bethels, masseba and religious stones among the Semites : BEER, G., Steinverehrung bei den lsrae/iten»epígrafe sobre betilos, massebot y piedras religiosas entre los semitas, abierto con el estudio de Beer

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 257»

«The divine pair, Sky and Earth : PETTAZZONI, R., Dio, vol. i, pp. 130»encabezado y primer epígrafe de la bibliografía del capítulo VII, sobre la pareja divina Cielo y Tierra

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 282»

«On the Earth Mother : LANG, A., Myth, Ritual and Religion, London»epígrafe sobre la Tierra Madre, abierto con Myth, Ritual and Religion de Lang y la Mutter Erde de Dieterich

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 282»

«On the myth of Adam born of the Virgin Earth : VoLLMER, H., " Die Erde als jungfriiuliche Mutter Adams»epígrafe sobre el mito de Adán nacido de la Tierra virgen, con el estudio de Vollmer

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 282»

«On ritual burials : DIETERICH, op. cit., pp. 28 ff.»epígrafe sobre los enterramientos rituales, que remite a Dieterich, Nyberg, Frazer y Brelich

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 283»

«BACHELARD, Gaston, LA Terre et les reveries de Ia vo/onte; id., LA Terre et les reveries du repos, Paris, 1948, 2 vols.»último epígrafe de la bibliografía del capítulo VII, sobre las mitologías literarias de la tierra, con los dos volúmenes de Bachelard

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 283»

«Cf. also the bibliography for Chapter IX, especially the works of Mannhardt, Frazer, and J. J. Meyer.»nota preliminar de la bibliografía del capítulo VIII, que remite a la del capítulo IX y a las obras de Mannhardt, Frazer y Meyer

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 346»

«On the sacred tree : PARROIT, Nell, Les Representations de /'arbre»primer epígrafe de esa bibliografía, sobre el árbol sagrado, abierto con el estudio de Nell Parrot

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 346»

«On the inverted tree : CooMARASWAMY, A., " The Inverted Tree»epígrafe sobre el árbol invertido, encabezado por el estudio de Coomaraswamy

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 346»

«On the Great-Goddess-Vegetation-Emblematic-Animal-Water pattern : MARSHALL, Sir John, Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization»epígrafe sobre el patrón de Gran Diosa, vegetación, animal emblemático y agua, abierto con el Mohenjo-Daro de Marshall

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 346»

«On the journey of Gilgamesh and the " plant of life ", CoNTENAU, G., L' Epopee de Gilgamesh»epígrafe sobre el viaje de Gilgamesh y la planta de vida, con la traducción comentada de Contenau

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 347»

«On the divine origins of simples and magic plants : ELIADE, " Jerburile de sub Cruce»epígrafe sobre el origen divino de las plantas medicinales y mágicas, donde Eliade se cita a sí mismo y a Ohrt y Delatte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 347»

«On the Cosmic Tree : KRAPPE, A. H., The Science of Folklore, London»epígrafe sobre el Árbol Cósmico, abierto con The Science of Folklore de Krappe

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 348»

«On mythological descent from a plant species : BAUMANN, H., Schopfung und Urzeit des Menschen»epígrafe sobre la descendencia mitológica de una especie vegetal, con el estudio de Baumann

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 348»

«For the May ceremonies, the works of Mannhardt, Frazer, J. J. Meyer and Waldemar Liungman quoted in the text. cr. too RUNEBERG, Arne, Witches, Demons and Fertility Magic»cierre de la bibliografía del capítulo VIII: para las ceremonias de mayo remite a Mannhardt, Frazer, Meyer y Liungman

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 349»

«On the burial of the Carnival, the expulsion of Death, the combat between Summer and Winter : FRAZER, Sir J., The Dying God, passim»último epígrafe de esa bibliografía, sobre el entierro del carnaval, la expulsión de la Muerte y el combate de Verano e Invierno

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 349»

«The appearance of W. Mannhardt's Wald- und Feldkulte, Berlin, 1 875-7 ; 2nd edition, 1904-5, 2 vols., marks an important date»encabezado de la bibliografía del capítulo IX, donde fecha en los Wald- und Feldkulte de Mannhardt un hito de la historia de los estudios de cultos vegetales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 381»

«It is an absolute mine of information upon folklore and ethnography collected, classified and interpreted by the German scholar in the light of his hypothesis of the " demons of vegetation ".»el juicio que emite sobre esa obra: una mina de datos de folclore y etnografía interpretados a la luz de la hipótesis de los demonios de la vegetación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 381»

«His contemporaries took some time to appreciate the importance of Mannhardt's hypotheses. As J. J. Meyer recalls (in the appendix to his Trilogie, vol. iii, p. 284), Franz Pfeiffer, the student of Germanic ethnology, spoke of the author of Wald- und Feldkulte as " a mere collector of references ", and the majority of scholars scarcely bothered to read him.»lo que consigna de su recepción: Pfeiffer lo llamó un mero recolector de referencias y la mayoría de los estudiosos apenas se molestó en leerlo. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 381»

«Mannhardt's theory would probably never have become so widely accepted had Sir James Frazer's work not given it such solid backing.»a qué atribuye su triunfo: la hipótesis de Mannhardt no se habría impuesto sin el respaldo sólido de la obra de Frazer

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 381»

«It was primarily due to Frazer's immense erudition and real literary talent that the category of " vegetation demons " managed to dominate all studies of ethnology and history of religion up till the first World War.»la fórmula que da: por la erudición inmensa y el talento literario de Frazer, la categoría de demonios de la vegetación dominó los estudios hasta la primera Guerra Mundial. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 381»

«We may remember the verdict given by Goldenweiser (Anthropology, London, 1937, p. 531) upon The Golden Bough : " Negligible as theory, indispensable as a collection of material on primitive religion.»el juicio de Goldenweiser sobre La rama dorada que recoge: desdeñable como teoría, indispensable como colección de material sobre la religión primitiva

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 381»

«The problem of the sacred in vegetation and agricultural ritual went on being argued long after Frazer's works had appeared.»lo que consigna de la discusión: el problema de lo sagrado en el rito vegetal y agrícola siguió disputándose mucho después de las obras de Frazer

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 381»

«I must add, however, that his " history " does not invariably seem to me to be convincing.»la reserva que añade: esa historia no le parece siempre convincente

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 382»

«bases his hypothesis that there is a " spirit of the tree " (Baumseele) upon the following facts : (1) the general tendency to compare the universe and man to a tree»los hechos en que Mannhardt funda su hipótesis del espíritu del árbol, el primero la tendencia general a comparar el universo y el hombre con un árbol. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 382»

«But, as Liungman points out (vol. i, p. 336), such a collectivization or " totalization " of individual " spirits " cannot be deduced from the facts.»la objeción de Liungman que recoge: esa colectivización de los espíritus individuales no se deduce de los hechos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 382»

«Mannhardt argued along the rationalist, associationist lines of his day. By a series of artificial combinations he recreated in his own way the phenomenon he was proposing to explain : the " spirit of the tree " would give rise to a " spirit of the forest " which, in its turn, would merge with the " spirit of the wind " and produce a " general spirit of vegetation."»la crítica que él mismo hace: Mannhardt razonaba según el asociacionismo de su tiempo y recreó por combinaciones artificiales el fenómeno que se proponía explicar. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 382»

«At the beginning of August Isis (the betrothed of the Nile), represented by a conical pillar with ears of wheat decorating its top, was symbolically fertilized by the dams of the Nile being broken. The goddess conceived Horus.»el rito de agosto: Isis, prometida del Nilo, representada por un pilar cónico coronado de espigas, fecundada al romperse los diques, concibe a Horus. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 383»

«It was from these rites, as performed more or less fully on the Syrian coast, in Mesopotamia, Anatolia and Greece, that all the agricultural ceremonials and dramas of the whole world developed even to some extent in the ancient world, and more later, through the channels of Christianity and Islam»la tesis difusionista que recoge: de esos ritos salieron los ceremoniales agrícolas de todo el mundo, en parte ya en la antigüedad y más tarde por el cristianismo y el islam. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 383»

«Liungman's hypothesis gives new perspectives to the study of agricultural ceremonies and beliefs, but though it can be confirmed in the European and Afro-Asiatic spheres, it can hardly explain the American versions»el límite que le pone: la hipótesis abre perspectivas y se afianza en Europa y en el área afroasiática, pero difícilmente explica las versiones americanas. El tramo se corta antes del punto y coma

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 383»

«What, however, we can with certainty accept from the Swedish scholar's research is the oriental origin (Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia) of the agricultural ceremonial conceived as a sacrifice of regeneration embodied in a dramatic pattern»lo que sí acepta con certeza de Liungman: el origen oriental, egipcio, sirio y mesopotámico, del ceremonial agrícola como sacrificio de regeneración en patrón dramático. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 383»

«But the great scholar does not make it clear how horses, bulls, wolves and such could have hidden in the fields.»la objeción que le opone: el gran estudioso no aclara cómo caballos, toros y lobos podrían esconderse en los sembrados

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«And, similarly, the hypothesis he puts forward that the vegetation divinities of the ancient world were first conceived as animals (Dionysos as goat and bull, Attis and Adonis as pigs, etc.) is simply the arbitrary creation of a rationalist mind.»la segunda objeción a Frazer: que las divinidades antiguas de la vegetación se concibieran primero como animales le parece creación arbitraria de una mente racionalista. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«Liungman, for his part, believed that these animals which came in time to personify the " power " or " spirit " of the harvest, were later forms which had in general lost their original sense as the Setian animals sacrified to avenge the murder of Osiris by Set and to assist the harvest.»la tesis alternativa de Liungman: esos animales serían formas tardías de los animales setianos sacrificados para vengar el asesinato de Osiris. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«This hypothesis does not seem to me to be borne out by all the facts everywhere.»la reserva que declara: esa hipótesis no le parece confirmada por todos los hechos en todas partes

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«The sacrifice of bulls and oxen, for instance, has its roots in Mediterranean pre-history, which the Osirian drama can have had no bearing upon.»el contraejemplo que da: el sacrificio de toros y bueyes arraiga en la prehistoria mediterránea, sobre la que el drama osiriano no pudo influir

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«No one can doubt the cosmogonic meaning of these sacrifices, and the fact that they are performed in connection with agricultural ceremonies is because of the mystical symmetry which can always be found between every act of creation and the archetypal creation of the cosmos.»lo que da por indudable: el sentido cosmogónico de esos sacrificios y la simetría mística entre todo acto de creación y la creación arquetípica del cosmos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«The generative power of bull, goat, pig, gives an adequate explanation of what the sacrifice means in relation to the agricultural ritual ; fertilizing energy, concentrated in these animals, is set free and distributed over the fields.»la explicación que propone: el poder generador del toro, el macho cabrío y el cerdo basta para explicar el sentido del sacrificio, con la energía fecundante liberada sobre los campos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«Liungman's attempt to reconstruct the pre-Osirian ritual explains neither the divinity of Osiris nor the origin of the Osirian myth.»la objeción final a Liungman: reconstruir el rito preosiriano no explica ni la divinidad de Osiris ni el origen del mito osiriano

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«The difference between the Egyptian ritual drama which took place at the harvest time and the drama of Osiris, is as great as the difference between adultery and Madame Bovary or Anna Karenina.»el símil con que lo remata: la distancia entre el drama ritual egipcio de la siega y el drama de Osiris es la que va del adulterio a Madame Bovary o Anna Karénina. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«The myth, like the novel, signifies primarily an autonomous act of creation by the mind.»la fórmula que le importa: el mito, como la novela, significa ante todo un acto autónomo de creación del espíritu

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«explains the sacrifice of the Khonds by the " principle of substitution ", a convenient but rather summary formula which does not take in the full complexity of the matter.»el juicio que emite sobre Westermarck: explicar el sacrificio khond por el principio de sustitución es fórmula cómoda y sumaria que no abarca la complejidad del asunto. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«On the influence of the dead upon agriculture see FRAZER, The Belief in Immortality»epígrafe sobre la influencia de los muertos en la agricultura, que remite a dos obras de Frazer

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 384»

«On the relationship between agricultural feasts and marriage, sexuality, etc., see also H. K. HAEBERLIN, " The Idea of Fertilization»epígrafe sobre la relación de las fiestas agrícolas con el matrimonio y la sexualidad, abierto con el estudio de Haeberlin

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 385»

«On the obscene rituals connected with agriculture see MANNHARDT, Myth. Forsch., pp. 142-3»epígrafe sobre los rituales obscenos ligados a la agricultura, que remite a las dos obras de Mannhardt

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 385»

«On the origin and spread of agriculture in Europe, see P. LAVIOSAZAMBOTTI, Le Piu Antiche culture agricole europee»epígrafe sobre el origen y la difusión de la agricultura en Europa, con los dos libros de Laviosa Zambotti. Unión del guion de fin de renglón: *LAVIOSAZAMBOTTI* por *LAVIOSA-ZAMBOTTI*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 385»

«On sacred space in general : VAN DER LEEUW, G., Religion in Essence»encabezado y primer epígrafe de la bibliografía del capítulo X, sobre el espacio sagrado en general

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 405»

«On construction rituals : SARTORI, Paul, " Ober das Bauopfcr»epígrafe sobre los rituales de construcción, abierto con el estudio de Sartori

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 405»

«On mat;u!alas: DE VISSER, M. W., Ancient Buddhism in Japan»epígrafe sobre los mándalas, con De Visser, Zimmer, Tucci, Suzuki y el propio Eliade

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 405»

«On the " symbolism of the centre " : ELIADI!, M., Cosmo Iogie si Al»epígrafe sobre el simbolismo del centro, donde Eliade encabeza la lista con tres libros suyos

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 405»

«On the labyrinth, see JACKSON KNIGHT, W. F., Cumll!an Ga(es: A Reference of the Sixth»epígrafe sobre el laberinto, con Cumaean Gates de Jackson Knight y los estudios de Kerényi

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 406»

«VAN DER LEEUW, G., Religion in Essence and Manifestation, London, 1938, pp. 384 ff. ; id., L'Homme primitif et Ia religion, passim; DuMEZIL, G., " Temps et Mythes ", Recherches phi/osophiques, 1935-6, vol. v, pp. 235-51 ; REun:R, H., Die Zeit: eine religionswissensclzaftliche Untersuchung, Bonn, 1941 ; CooMARASWAMY, Ananda K., Time and Eternity»primer bloque de la bibliografía del capítulo XI, sobre el tiempo sagrado, con Van der Leeuw, Dumézil, Reuter y Coomaraswamy. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo. El *religionswissensclzaftliche* es ruido de OCR por *religionswissenschaftliche*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 428»

«On the akitu, zakmuk and the New Year in Babylon, see PALLIS, S. A., The Babylonian Akitu Festival»último epígrafe de esa bibliografía, sobre el akitu, el zakmuk y el Año Nuevo babilonio, abierto con el estudio de Pallis

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 428»

«General information : KRAPP!!, A. H., Mytho/ogie universelle, Paris, 1930 ; id., La Genese des mythes, Paris, 1938 ; GRAY, L. H., and MooR!!, G. F. (ed.), The Mythology of All Races»encabeza la bibliografía del capítulo XII con el epígrafe de información general, donde abren Krappe y la Mythology of All Races de Gray y Moore. Muestra razonada: de esta bibliografía se consignan los encabezados de sección y el primer título de cada una

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 454»

«The " naturist " school of mythology : MULLER, Max, Comparative Mythology, Oxford, 1856»el segundo epígrafe: la escuela naturista de la mitología, que abre con la Comparative Mythology de Max Müller de 1856

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 454»

«The " astral " school of mythology : SruCKEN, E., Astralmythen der Hebrll!er, Baby/onier und A."gypter, Leipzig, 1896-1907»el tercer epígrafe: la escuela astral de la mitología, que abre con los Astralmythen de Stucken

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 454»

«The mythological, anthropological and ethnographical school : LANG, Andrew, Modern Mythology, London, 1897»el cuarto epígrafe: la escuela mitológica, antropológica y etnográfica, que abre con la Modern Mythology de Andrew Lang

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 454»

«The creation myths : LUKAS, Franz, Die Grundbegriffe in dem Kosmogonien der a/ten Volker, Leipzig, 1893»el quinto epígrafe: los mitos de creación, que abre con los Grundbegriffe de Franz Lukas

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 454»

«Monographs on various mythological systems : CusmNG, F. H., " Outlines of Zuni Creation Myths»el sexto epígrafe: monografías sobre distintos sistemas mitológicos, que abre con los esbozos de Cushing sobre los mitos zuñi de creación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 454»

«On Greek mythology and the structure of Greek myths : GRUPPE, 0., Griechische Mythologie und Re/igionsgeschichte, Munich, 1906»el séptimo epígrafe: la mitología griega y la estructura de los mitos griegos, que abre con la Griechische Mythologie de Gruppe

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 455»

«Myths and Rituals : HooKE, S. H. (ed.), Myth and Ritual, London»el octavo epígrafe: mitos y rituales, que abre con el volumen colectivo Myth and Ritual editado por Hooke

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 455»

«Mythical thought : MALINOWSKI, B., Myth in Primitive Psychology»el noveno epígrafe: el pensamiento mítico, que abre con Myth in Primitive Psychology de Malinowski

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 455»

«Methodological questions : STEINTHAL, H., " Allgemeine Einleitung in die Mythologie»el último epígrafe: las cuestiones de método, que abre con la introducción general a la mitología de Steinthal

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 455»

«ELIADE, M., " Les Livres populaires dans Ia litterature roumaine ", CZ, 1 939, vol. ii, published 1941, pp. 63-75 ; id., Mitul Reintegrarii, Bucharest, 1942 ; id., " Le Dieu Iicur ct 1e symbolisme des nceuds ", RHR, July-Dec., 1947, vol. cxxxiv ; id., The Myth of the Eternal Return, London, 1955 ; id., Images et Symboles. Essais sur le symbo/isme magico-religieux, Paris»los títulos propios que Eliade pone en esa bibliografía: sus libros populares rumanos, el Mitul Reintegrarii, el dios atador, El mito del eterno retorno e Imágenes y símbolos. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 455»

«On the symbolism of magic stones, " thunderstones ", and precious stones : ANDREI!, R., Ethnographische Parallelen»encabeza la bibliografía del capítulo XIII con el epígrafe sobre el simbolismo de las piedras mágicas, las piedras de rayo y las preciosas, que abre con Andree. Muestra razonada: se consignan los encabezados de sección y el primer título de cada una

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 476»

«On the symbolism of jade : LAUFER, B., Jade, A Study of Chinese Archreology and Religion, Chicago, 191 2 ; KARLGREN, B., " Some Fecundity Symbols in Ancient China ", BMAS, Stockholm, 1930, no. 2, pp. 1-54, especially 23 ff. ; GIESLER, G., " Les Symboles de jade dans le taoisme»el epígrafe sobre el simbolismo del jade: Laufer, Karlgren y el trabajo de Giesler sobre los símbolos del jade en el taoísmo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 476»

«On the symbolism of the pearl : KU'Nz, G. F., and STEVENSON, C., The Book of the Pearl, London, 1908»el epígrafe sobre el simbolismo de la perla, que abre con The Book of the Pearl de Kunz y Stevenson

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 476»

«On the symbolism of lapis lazuli : DARMSTADTI!R, E., " Der babylonischassyrisch Lasurstein ", Studien zur Geschichte der Chemie, Festgabe Ed. von Lippmann, Berlin, 1937»el epígrafe sobre el lapislázuli, que abre con el estudio de Darmstädter sobre la piedra de lapislázuli asirio-babilonia. El *babylonischassyrisch* es unión del guion de fin de renglón: lo impreso es *babylonisch-assyrisch*.

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 476»

«On the symbolism of the diamond : LAUFER, B., The Diamond. A Study in Chinese and Hellenistic Folk-Lore»el epígrafe sobre el diamante, que abre con el estudio de Laufer sobre el diamante en el folclore chino y helenístico

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 476»

«On gynrecological stones, retites, etc. : BosoN, G., " I Metalli e Ie pietre nelle iscrizioni sumero-assiro-baby1onesi»el epígrafe sobre las piedras ginecológicas y la aetites, que abre con el trabajo de Boson sobre metales y piedras en las inscripciones sumerio-asirio-babilonias. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 476»

«On the symbolism of " snakestones " : SKEAT, W. W., " Snakestones and Stone Thunderbolts»el epígrafe sobre las piedras de serpiente, que abre remitiendo otra vez al trabajo de Skeat

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 476»

«On architectonic symbolism, see the bibliography for Chapter X ; in addition, CoMBAZ, G., " L'Evolution du stupa en Asie : les symbolismes du Stupa»el epígrafe sobre el simbolismo arquitectónico, que remite a la bibliografía del capítulo X y añade el estudio de Combaz sobre el simbolismo de la estupa. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 476»

«On prehistoric and Eurasia tic symbolism : GAR.ll!, W., " Die symbol»el epígrafe sobre el simbolismo prehistórico y euroasiático, que abre con el trabajo de Gaerte

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 477»

«On Poly»el epígrafe sobre el simbolismo polinesio, que abre con Sayce y March

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 477»

«On middle-eastern and Roman symbolism : DANZEL, T. W., Symbole, Diimonen und heiligen Tiirme»el epígrafe sobre el simbolismo medio-oriental y romano, que abre con Danzel

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 477»

«On symbolism in general : THURNWALD, R., " Das Symbol im Lichte der Volkerkunde»el último epígrafe, sobre el simbolismo en general, que abre con Thurnwald

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 477»

«GUENON, Rene, Le Symbolisme de Ia croix, Paris, 1932 ; CAILLET, E., Symbolisme et ames primitives, Paris»los dos títulos de ese último epígrafe que tocan el estrato esotérico: Le Symbolisme de la croix de René Guénon de 1932 y el Symbolisme et âmes primitives de Caillet

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 477»

«ELIADI!, M., " Secret Languages ", (in the Rumanian, Revista Fundatii/or Regale, Bucharest, Jan.-March, 1938) ; id., " Durohaua and the Waking Dream ", Art and Thought, London, 1947, pp. 209-13 ; id., " Le Dieu lieur et le symbolisme des na:uds ", RHR, 1947-9 ; reprinted in lmages et Symboles, pp. 120--63.»los títulos propios que cierran esa bibliografía: sus Lenguajes secretos, el Durohana y el sueño despierto y el dios atador y el simbolismo de los nudos, recogido en Images et Symboles. El *ELIADI!* es ruido de OCR por ELIADE. Tramo largo releído entero en el crudo

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 477»

«ABBOT, J., 36, 329 Albiruni, 292n, 404n Albright, W. F., 1 5n, 1 59n, 284, 285n, 327, 376n Alexander, H. B., 122, 263»abre el NAME INDEX, el índice de nombres, con Abbot, Albiruni, Albright y Alexander. Muestra razonada: de los dos índices se consigna el arranque de cada plana, porque son listas de remisión y no prosa

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 485»

«Cook, A. B., 77n, l l8, 120, 121, 1S3, 286n, 427n Coomaraswamy, A. C.»el arranque de la segunda plana del índice de nombres, con Cook y Coomaraswamy

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 486»

«Friedlander, I., 328 Frobenius, L., 1 37n, 374, 4 1 3 Frutiger, P., 436»el arranque de la tercera plana del índice de nombres, con Friedländer, Frobenius y Frutiger

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 487»

«Hugues, A., 221n Humbert, P., 287n, 327-8 Hussing, G., 186»el arranque de la cuarta plana del índice de nombres, con Hugues, Humbert y Hüsing

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 488»

«Malinowski, B., 36, 190n, 366, 436 Malten, L., 87n, 88n, 89n, 1 20, 121 Man, E. H., 1 13»el arranque de la quinta plana del índice de nombres, con Malinowski, Malten y Man

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 489»

«Pontois, B. Le, 223n Preuss, K. T.»el arranque de la sexta plana del índice de nombres, con Le Pontois y Preuss

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 490»

«Thalbitzer, W., 1 1 5 Thomson, S., 104n, 120, 122, 1 69n, 191, 213, 263, 329 Thorndike, L.»el arranque de la séptima y última plana del índice de nombres, con Thalbitzer, Thomson y Thorndike

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 491»

«ABASSI ABUMO, 55 Abo, 129 Abruzzi, the, 1 65, 247, 306 Abyssinia, 1 66 Achelous, 203, 205»abre el SUBJECT INDEX, el índice de materias, con Abassi Abumo, Abo, los Abruzos, Abisinia y Aqueloo. Muestra razonada: igual que en el de nombres, se consigna el arranque de cada plana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 492»

«Australia, 30, 3 1»el arranque de la segunda plana del índice de materias, con la entrada Australia y su larga lista de remisiones

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 493»

«China, 62, 101»el arranque de la tercera plana del índice de materias, con la entrada China

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 494»

«Erinyes, 168 Eros, 325, 360 Eskimos, 23, 59»el arranque de la cuarta plana del índice de materias, con Erinias, Eros y esquimales

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 495»

«Hades, 143 Haidas (tribe), 175 Halakwulup, 41 Halieia, the, 143»el arranque de la quinta plana del índice de materias, con Hades, haidas, halakwulup y Halieia

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 496»

«Io, 410 Iran, Iranians»el arranque de la sexta plana del índice de materias, con Ío y la entrada Irán

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 497»

«Magic, magico-religious powers»el arranque de la séptima plana del índice de materias, con la entrada Magia y poderes mágico-religiosos, que remite ya al prólogo en numeración romana

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 498»

«Philippines, 300 Philostratus, 254»el arranque de la novena plana del índice de materias, con Filipinas y Filóstrato

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 500»

«Sacrifice, 2, 22, 55»el arranque de la décima plana del índice de materias, con la entrada Sacrificio

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 501»

«Sweden, 1 62, 3 10, 3 1 9, 333, 335, 337, 340, 341 , 348, 350, 4 1 5 Switzerland, 323, 365»el arranque de la undécima plana del índice de materias, con Suecia y Suiza

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 502»

«Uighur, 6011, 107 Ukraine, 355»el arranque de la duodécima y última plana del índice de materias, con uigures y Ucrania. El *6011* es ruido de OCR por 60n

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 503»

«Myths, creation, 30, 97»el arranque de la octava plana del índice de materias, con la entrada Mitos y su primera subdivisión, los mitos de creación

Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958)«Eliade — Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) · p. 499»

Concepts treated

HierofaniaEs el término que el libro acuña y sobre el que se monta entero: todo acto por el que se manifiesta lo sagrado, desde la piedra o el árbol hasta la encarnación del Logos; el libro se declara un estudio de las hierofanías y no de las religiones históricas.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · pp. 20, 21, 482

Sagrado ProfanoLa definición más simple de lo sagrado es lo opuesto de lo profano, y la dialéctica de las hierofanías tiende sin fin a reducir y abolir las esferas profanas.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · pp. 20, 478

CratofaniaDistingue la manifestación de una fuerza bruta de la de lo sagrado propiamente dicho, y sostiene que rara vez un fenómeno mágico-religioso no comporta simbolismo.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · p. 456

ArquetipoLo usa en sentido de modelo ejemplar, no junguiano: el mito revela arquetipos que el hombre se afana en reactuar aun fuera de la vida religiosa, y el hombre es para siempre prisionero de sus intuiciones arquetípicas.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · pp. 444, 452

Coincidentia OppositorumLa tiene por uno de los modos más primitivos de expresar la paradoja de la realidad divina, y como modelo arquetípico para ciertos tipos de hombre religioso.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · p. 438

AndroginiaLa androginia divina es fórmula primitiva de la biunidad divina dicha en términos biológicos, y al mito divino responde toda una serie de mitos y ritos de androginia humana.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · pp. 439, 442

SimboloProlonga la dialéctica de la hierofanía: lo no consagrado directamente se vuelve sagrado al participar de un símbolo, y el símbolo revela siempre la unidad básica de varias zonas de lo real.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · pp. 465, 471

Centro del MundoToda morada es un centro del mundo porque su simbolismo es el mismo que el del centro, y llegar a él es difícil: que se ponga al alcance de todos es la nostalgia del paraíso.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · p. 467

Tiempo SagradoCualquier momento puede insertarse en el Gran Tiempo y proyectar al hombre en la eternidad; la existencia humana transcurre a la vez en el plano del cambio y en el de la eternidad.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · p. 479

MitoTodo mito cuenta un suceso ocurrido in illo tempore y por eso es precedente y patrón; el mito es acto autónomo de creación de la mente y no proyección fantástica de un suceso natural.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · pp. 444, 445, 448

Degradacion de SimbolosUn mito puede degenerar en leyenda, balada o superstición sin perder su esencia, y el arquetipo sigue siendo creador aunque haya caído a niveles cada vez más bajos.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · pp. 450, 451

InfantilizacionNombre que da a la imitación fácil del arquetipo, marcada por la facilidad, el automatismo y aun el artificio, que prolonga las hierofanías al infinito.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · p. 473

PanontismoNombre que propone para la identificación de lo sagrado con todo lo que es, que halla lo mismo en el Atman-Brahman indio que en el Ego sum Vita de León Bloy, y que distingue del panteísmo.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · p. 478

SincretismoNiega que sea fenómeno tardío: se ve en todo punto del curso de la vida religiosa, porque toda hierofanía tiende a expresarse lo más plenamente posible.

eliade-patterns-comparative-religion · pp. 481, 482

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