TRADITION
Mandeísmo
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El libro que esta tradición tiene por suyo dice qué es y de dónde viene. Es «The Ginza Rabba, or Great Treasure, is Mandaeans’ largest collection of religious principles and instructions.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 9», y de su origen declara: «According to their beliefs, the Ginza was the first revelation of God to Adam and thus considered as their holy book.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 9». Dentro de la comunidad lleva otros dos nombres, «Among Mandaeans, the book is also known as Sidra Rabba, the great codex or Sidra’d Adam, the codex of Adam.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 9». Y de sus enseñanzas dice el Rishema Salah Jabbar Tawos, al presentarlo, que son las de la primera religión: «I call upon the Mandaeans, and especially the new generations, to read it and follow the teachings which are the teachings of our first religion, the teachings of the Great Life.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 5».
El testimonio de fe con que el volumen abre su primera mitad enuncia los dos nombres sobre los que todo se apoya: «I bear witness that there is Hayyi, the sublime King of Light. I bear witness that there is God who emerged from Himself Your name is not vain; your name is eternal, o Hayyi, my Lord and Manda 'd Hayyi.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 14». De Hayyi el libro no da definición sino atributos, «is the Great Hayyi, the all-seeing, the all-powerful, the all- ^7 £ knowing, the almighty, and the wisest of all.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 18», y una consecuencia que repite en muchos lugares: «He has no partner in His dominion and no rival for His scepter.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 18». De ahí saca lo que existe y lo que no: «He is the supreme lord of all rulers. Nothing that did not come from Him has ever existed, and nothing that does not come from Him ever will.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 19».
Entre Hayyi y el mundo la tradición pone seres de luz a los que llama Uthri, y a Hayyi lo nombra su padre: «He is the lord of all the enlightened worlds, the lord of all Malki angels, and the high commander of all the Uthri. He is the light in which there is no darkness, the life in which there is no death, the good in which there is no evil, the calm without anger, and the tender without the bitter. He is the most splendid, who resides in the far north. He is the source of all light. He is the father of all the Uthri.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 19». Uno de ellos queda identificado con un nombre que viene de fuera: «You have created the Uthra whose name is Hibil Ziwa, who is called Gabriel the Messenger. You sent him to the world of darkness.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 24».
Del alma la tradición dice que no es de aquí y que su estancia en el cuerpo es forzosa y con plazo. Habla en primera persona: «I am the Mana Adam, the scion of Hayyi. I reside at the House of Life. Who placed me within this body of mud, into this form, and cast me onto the earth?» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 269», y al ser enviada se resiste: «The soul was afraid, startled, she wept and wailed. She refused to enter the body. O, Uthri, you three righteous Uthri,» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 287». Lo que la acredita al volver es un par de credenciales que se le preguntan en cada estación: «The soul said, “I departed by the power of Hayyi; the name of Manda’d Hayyi was pronounced upon me.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 334». A quien no las tiene le espera lo que el libro llama segunda muerte: «Their souls yearn for a second death, but a second death will never come to save them from these flames.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 111».
El rito por el que se reciben ese nombre y ese signo es el bautismo en agua corriente, con el pan y el agua sacramentales: «Baptize yourselves with the living baptism that your Lord brought from the World of Light, with which all righteous believers are baptized. Bless the Pihtha loaf, and eat it. Praise the Mambugha water, and drink it. In this way, your sins and trespasses will be forgiven.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 29». El bautista de quien la tradición se reclama es Yuhana, a quien el volumen identifica: «hese are the sayings of Yuhana Masbana, John the Baptist, who baptized in the name of the Great Hayyi, in the Yardni of the Living Water, river of Life.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 116», y a quien hace bautizar a Manda’d Hayyi mismo: «Manda’d Hayyi came to him in form of a young lad, and asked him, “Yuhana, come baptize me with the MaSbuta Baptism with which you baptize» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 116».
La práctica tiene día, casa y vestido. El día se nombra por su nombre, «It is our best day; it is Sunday, the day of splendor.” The splendor of Sunday has crossed over to us, and the gates of the prison have become full with light.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 342»; la casa de culto es el Bit Manda, y no entrar en ella se cuenta entre las omisiones que el libro condena: «never humbly enter the Bit Manda on Sunday at dawn, and never perform the rites of their religion, who never pray or bow in devotion, and never eat the Pihtha loaf, nor extend the hand of Kushta and lend aid with Kushta and Laufa, who do not care to baptize their sons and daughters, and help them to be confirmed in the sign of the Hayyi nor teach them to fill their hearts with the beliefs of Hayyi nor give alms and be compassionate; they are doomed.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 182». El vestido se manda por semejanza con el de los Uthri: «dress in the color white, dress yourselves in white clothing like the garments of radiance and the robes of light. Set a white turban upon your head, like a beautiful coronet. Bind the himyana girdle around you like the living water that the Uthribind around their waist; wear sandals. Hold a Margna staff in your hands» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 34».
Su moral se dice en obligaciones concretas. El ayuno se define negando el de la comida: «I instruct you, my chosen ones: fast the great fast, which is not a fast from the food and the drink of this world. Fast with your eyes, from winking and gawking. Neither see nor do any evil. Fast with your ears, from listening at the doors of other people. Fast with your mouth, from saying lies, and do not love gossip and lies.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 27». El duelo se prohíbe: «Do not weep for those who have died and departed from their body, or feel sad and mourn them. Those who tear their clothes for the loss of the dead will remain in error.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 30». Y se aparta de dos cosas que otras tradiciones practican, los magos y adivinos, «Never seek out magicians and fortunetellers, because they reside in darkness.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 31», y el culto a los astros, «never praise the planets and constellations. Never praise the sun and moon. They shine only by the will and the command of the Great Hayyi. The light bestowed by Hayyi upon them illuminates their dark dwellings. If He gave His order, then all of them would come to an unknown end.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 33».
La tradición se deslinda de otras por escrito y sin nombrarlas todas. Aparta a quienes se postran ante Adonay y a la circuncisión: «Those who bow down to Adonay and have deviated from the original call have written a book for themselves. Never become one of them. Do not perform circumcisions» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 33»; describe a los falsos profetas por lo que hacen: «There will always be many such people, and many false prophets. They will try to steal wisdom from our people with gold and silver. Some of them even consider themselves to be gods. They have their false doctrines and have written down their false books. They spread greed, lust and passion; they even call themselves prophets.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 33»; y niega por boca de Manda’d Hayyi la promesa de un paraíso ajeno: «The souls have been told by the tempters, ‘We will let you ascend to the paradise of Eden when you die’» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 157».
Lo que la tradición pone en el centro es un conocimiento, y lo dice sin metáfora: «Only through knowledge can they ascend. Only with the knowledge that came from the House of Life will they ascend» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 201». Ese conocimiento tiene nombre propio, NaSirutha, y se declara arma: «Arm yourselves with a defense that is stronger than iron, the knowledge of NaSirutha and the true words from the Place of Light.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 34». Del juicio dice que es individual, «Each soul is questioned about its own actions. No soul can associate with another soul. No soul can support any other soul.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 156», y de la historia, que ha pasado por destrucciones sucesivas de las que siempre quedó una pareja: «Then the whole world will be carried off by pestilence and the sword. The souls are destined to separate from their bodies, and these souls will ascend to the light without any sins or debts. Only Ram and his wife Rud will remain. From them, humanity will survive and increase in number. Adam is destined to live one thousand years. Between Adam and Ram and Rud will pass thirty generations. They will all ascend to the light with a single ascent, since they stand in a single doctrine, proceed according to a single speech, and testify according to a single worship.» «Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019) · p. 35».
in the library: 1 ascribed work · 0 linked authors
Ascribed works
each ascription is recorded in the entry of its workWhat the works say about it
how each work defines it, with its passageManichaean Texts from the Roman Empire, ed. Gardner y Lieu
Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019)
Ginza Rabba, el Gran Tesoro (tr. Al-Saadi, 2019)
Claims
23 entries«The Ginza Rabba, or Great Treasure, is Mandaeans’ largest collection of religious principles and instructions.» — el prefacio del volumen dice qué lugar ocupa el libro entre los mandeos.
«According to their beliefs, the Ginza was the first revelation of God to Adam and thus considered as their holy book.» — el origen que la tradición adjudica a su libro: la primera revelación de Dios a Adán.
«I bear witness that there is Hayyi, the sublime King of Light. I bear witness that there is God who emerged from Himself Your name is not vain; your name is eternal, o Hayyi, my Lord and Manda 'd Hayyi.» — el testimonio de fe con que el volumen abre su primera mitad, en los dos nombres que la tradición sostiene.
«Hayyi exists, my Lord exists, Manda 'd Haii exists» — la forma corta del mismo testimonio, que la portada dibujada lleva en su círculo interior.
«He has no partner in His dominion and no rival for His scepter.» — la unicidad de Hayyi enunciada sin socio ni rival.
«He is the lord of all the enlightened worlds, the lord of all Malki angels, and the high commander of all the Uthri. He is the light in which there is no darkness, the life in which there is no death, the good in which there is no evil, the calm without anger, and the tender without the bitter. He is the most splendid, who resides in the far north. He is the source of all light. He is the father of all the Uthri.» — el rango de Hayyi sobre los ángeles Malki y los Uthri, de los que se declara padre.
«Baptize yourselves with the living baptism that your Lord brought from the World of Light, with which all righteous believers are baptized. Bless the Pihtha loaf, and eat it. Praise the Mambugha water, and drink it. In this way, your sins and trespasses will be forgiven.» — los tres actos del rito, el bautismo vivo, el pan Pihtha y el agua Mambugha, con el perdón de los pecados adjudicado a ellos.
«hese are the sayings of Yuhana Masbana, John the Baptist, who baptized in the name of the Great Hayyi, in the Yardni of the Living Water, river of Life.» — el volumen identifica a Yuhana Masbana con Juan el Bautista y lo pone bautizando en el nombre del Gran Hayyi.
«never humbly enter the Bit Manda on Sunday at dawn, and never perform the rites of their religion, who never pray or bow in devotion, and never eat the Pihtha loaf, nor extend the hand of Kushta and lend aid with Kushta and Laufa, who do not care to baptize their sons and daughters, and help them to be confirmed in the sign of the Hayyi nor teach them to fill their hearts with the beliefs of Hayyi nor give alms and be compassionate; they are doomed.» — las omisiones del culto que la tradición condena, del domingo al alba en el Bit Manda al bautismo de los hijos.
«dress in the color white, dress yourselves in white clothing like the garments of radiance and the robes of light. Set a white turban upon your head, like a beautiful coronet. Bind the himyana girdle around you like the living water that the Uthribind around their waist; wear sandals. Hold a Margna staff in your hands» — la indumentaria del creyente, mandada por semejanza con la de los Uthri.
«I instruct you, my chosen ones: fast the great fast, which is not a fast from the food and the drink of this world. Fast with your eyes, from winking and gawking. Neither see nor do any evil. Fast with your ears, from listening at the doors of other people. Fast with your mouth, from saying lies, and do not love gossip and lies.» — el gran ayuno se define negando el de comida y bebida y se reparte por los sentidos.
«Do not weep for those who have died and departed from their body, or feel sad and mourn them. Those who tear their clothes for the loss of the dead will remain in error.» — la prohibición del duelo, con la señal de rasgarse las ropas puesta del lado del error.
«Never seek out magicians and fortunetellers, because they reside in darkness.» — el apartamiento de magos y adivinos, con el motivo declarado.
«never praise the planets and constellations. Never praise the sun and moon. They shine only by the will and the command of the Great Hayyi. The light bestowed by Hayyi upon them illuminates their dark dwellings. If He gave His order, then all of them would come to an unknown end.» — el apartamiento del culto a los astros, fundado en que brillan por voluntad de Hayyi.
«Those who bow down to Adonay and have deviated from the original call have written a book for themselves. Never become one of them. Do not perform circumcisions» — el deslinde respecto de quienes se postran ante Adonay y respecto de la circuncisión.
«The souls have been told by the tempters, ‘We will let you ascend to the paradise of Eden when you die’» — la promesa ajena que el libro nombra y niega, el paraíso de Edén.
«Only through knowledge can they ascend. Only with the knowledge that came from the House of Life will they ascend» — el conocimiento puesto como única vía del ascenso, dicho dos veces seguidas.
«Arm yourselves with a defense that is stronger than iron, the knowledge of NaSirutha and the true words from the Place of Light.» — NaSirutha, el conocimiento propio de la tradición, declarado arma más fuerte que el hierro.
«The soul said, “I departed by the power of Hayyi; the name of Manda’d Hayyi was pronounced upon me.» — la fórmula con que el alma se acredita ante los guardianes del ascenso: el poder y el nombre.
«Their souls yearn for a second death, but a second death will never come to save them from these flames.» — la segunda muerte, dicha como lo que no llega a librar del fuego.
«Each soul is questioned about its own actions. No soul can associate with another soul. No soul can support any other soul.» — el juicio se declara individual y sin solidaridad posible entre almas.
«Then the whole world will be carried off by pestilence and the sword. The souls are destined to separate from their bodies, and these souls will ascend to the light without any sins or debts. Only Ram and his wife Rud will remain. From them, humanity will survive and increase in number. Adam is destined to live one thousand years. Between Adam and Ram and Rud will pass thirty generations. They will all ascend to the light with a single ascent, since they stand in a single doctrine, proceed according to a single speech, and testify according to a single worship.» — la historia contada por destrucciones sucesivas, de cada una de las cuales queda una pareja.
«I call upon the Mandaeans, and especially the new generations, to read it and follow the teachings which are the teachings of our first religion, the teachings of the Great Life.» — el Rishema Salah Jabbar Tawos llama a los mandeos a seguir lo que declara enseñanza de la primera religión.