UFO Chronicles of the Soviet Union: A Cosmic Samizdat

«Samizdat is a Russian word for a document that is secretly copied by individuals to be circulated among trusted friends.» — la definición que da título al libro, y es de método.

«even today the major sources of documentation on this subject are barely readable carbon copies of the reports and commentaries that a few dedicated Soviet researchers have been collecting» — el estado material de la fuente.

«This book is a tribute to their perseverance and courage.» — declara el libro como homenaje a esa cadena de custodia informal.

«the transliteration of Russian names. Instead I have tried to simplify them while retaining their most common form of pronunciation, and I have taken the liberty of anglicizing many first names.» — declara que no siguió estándares rígidos; la frase arranca al pie de la p. 13. Los nombres propios de esta obra están normalizados por el autor.

«The subject of UFOs divides Soviet scientific opinion just as much as it does the Western public.» — el diagnóstico del que sale su dispositivo editorial.

«To highlight this controversy, I have presented selected quotes from both sides before every chapter in the text.» — declara que los epígrafes son un dispositivo de contraste, no su posición.

«this report, with all its details, was entered into the records of the monasterv of St. Cvril in 1663, forty years before the first newspaper appeared in Russia» — así lo enmarca; `monasterv` y `Cvril` son corrupción de la capa de texto y se consignan tal cual.

«salutations from your humble servant Ivachko Rievskoi.» — el encabezamiento del documento, dirigido al archimandrita Nikita y al sínodo del monasterio de San Cirilo.

«The farmer Lievko Fiedorov, from the village of Mys, has related to me the following facts» — la atribución del testimonio dentro del documento de 1663.

«On this Saturday the fifteenth day of August of the year 1663, the faithful from the district of Bieloziero had assembled in great number in the church of the village of Roboziero.» — la datación y el lugar.

«which for him was a sign from God» — cómo entendió el testigo lo que vio, según el propio documento.

«At noon a large ball of fire came down over Roboziero, arriving from the clearest part of the cloudless heavens.» — el cuerpo del suceso.

«It came from the direction whence winter comes and it moved toward the lake, passing over the church.» — la orientación, dicha en el vocabulario de la época.

«The ball of fire measured some 140 feet from one edge to the other and over the same distance, ahead of it, two ardent rays were extended.» — las medidas y los dos rayos.

«Fishermen who were in their boat on the lake, a little over one mile away, were deeply burned by the heat.» — los efectos físicos sobre los pescadores.

«The waters of the lake were illuminated to their greatest depth of thirty feet and the fish swam away toward shore.» — Sobre el lago.

«The prudent author of the report took pains to send an investigator, as he concludes» — la glosa con que introduce el cierre del documento.

«And I, your servant, dispatched a messenger to the priests of the district of Bieloziero who confirmed in writing that what was related did happen at that date and place.» — la verificación que el propio notario de 1663 declara haber hecho.

«The modern public and many researchers often assume that such old reports should be discounted» — su objeción al descarte fácil de la fuente antigua.

«In the words of an American ufologist, all that is “folklore of dubious authenticity.”» — la fórmula que atribuye, sin nombrarlo, a un ufólogo estadounidense.

«Such arguments are used to support the idea that the UFO phenomenon is of recent origin and follows the narrow patterns ascribed to it by the ufologists in question.» — a qué sirve, según él, ese descarte.

«The Roboziero report gives the lie to such a hasty judgment.» — su conclusión sobre el descarte.

«Not only is it one of the earliest cases on record involving beams causing physiological effects, but it is given with all the earmarks of careful investigation and intellectual integrity.» — por qué le da valor al documento.

«It is noteworthy that the people involved, including the author of the report, thought they were preserving the record of a sign from God.» — su argumento de fiabilidad es de sanción institucional, no de ingenuidad.

«They were transmitting it to the highest authority of their church, and the penalties for distortion would have been severe.» — Su segunda mitad: la pena por distorsionar.

«What we have here is a valuable report from the depth of tsarist Russia, describing the UFO phenomenon in its full glory with its most modern characteristics.» — el cierre del argumento.

«His story had never been published anywhere until Le Figaro featured his encounters and his paintings in the article Martine wrote following our trip.» — sobre el pintor Malichev, 21 de julio de 1975; adjudica la primera publicación a su colaboradora.

«But everyone we met in Moscow seemed to have heard of it.» — la circulación oral frente a la ausencia de publicación: eso es lo que llama *samizdat*.

«Malichev's observation is one of the cases that demonstrate polymorphism, in my opinion one of the principal arguments against the idea that UFOs are simply spacecraft from another planet.» — su posición declarada sobre el polimorfismo.

«The disk divided itself into eight parts that reunited into a single block, turned into a torus, then a cylinder.» — la descripción del cambio de forma.

«The same question can be asked, of course, about many other UFO reports in the Soviet Union and elsewhere.» — se abstiene de resolver el caso y generaliza la pregunta de Azhazha.

«Firsthand personal interview with the witness by a source of proven reliability» — grado máximo del primer dígito, fiabilidad de la fuente.

«Site visit by a skilled analyst» — grado máximo del segundo dígito, visita al sitio.

«No natural explanation possible, given the evidence» — grado máximo del tercer dígito, explicaciones posibles.

«A new effort in this direction is given here in the appendix, but it is too early to tell if it can be applied successfully to the Soviet data.» — acota el alcance de su propio sistema.

«with the caveat, of course, that it constitutes only a very small sample of the overall phenomenon in the Soviet Union.» — El de su índice de casos.

«The first scientist who made an effort to compile these observations was Felix Zigel.» — consigna al primer compilador soviético por su nombre.

«In a report published in 1979 by the Academy of Sciences, time and space data were found to correlate closely among Soviet samples and Western databases.» — la convergencia estadística entre bloques.

«the three authors of the Soviet study found that half of all sightings in their sample lasted between one and nineteen minutes» — la cifra, contra un tercio en las bases que él y Claude Poher habían compilado.

«sighting frequency tends to increase in the early evening hours, going through a maximum between 9:00 and 10:00 p.m.» — la Ley de los Tiempos, confirmada de forma independiente.

«It is perhaps in this area that the Soviet students of the phenomenon have been most perceptive, while Western specialists remained obsessed with static models» — su juicio sobre las fases de formación, en verbo de decir.

«In total, the Soviet catalog contained no less than 149 separate changes or transitions affecting the objects.» — la cifra del catálogo.

«At this point I am not aware of any similar study of shape transitions in the West.» — declaración de ausencia comparativa.

«bringing a surprise for me: a copy of his book Commentaries on “Passport to Magonia.”» — el ingeniero de minas Emil Bachurin le trae a Moscú un comentario manuscrito de su propio *Passport to Magonia*.

«Written in 1988, it circulated among Soviet ufologists in samizdat form.» — Ese comentario circulaba exactamente como el resto del material del libro.

«In part of his manuscript, Bachurin comments on my observation that UFO entities often behave in a way that is reminiscent of the beings of legend, the fairies, sylphs, elves, and leprechauns of medieval chronicles.» — Vallée consigna su propia observación folclórica como cosa suya, aunque llegue aquí a través del comentario de un tercero.

«In Commentaries on “Passport to Magonia," Bachurin returns to the topic of abductions several times.» — la mano negra como episodio recurrente del manuscrito.

«Beaders of Magonia and of my recent book Dimensions may recall an encounter that happened on the banks of the Loire Biver in 1950» — remite a sus dos libros anteriores; `Beaders` por *Readers* y `Loire Biver` por *Loire River* son el patrón `R`→`B` del OCR.

«I found yet another “black hand” case, this time in a rare book of demonology published in 1854 entitled Moeurs et Pratiques des Demons on des Esprits Visiteurs by Gougenot des Mousseaux.» — el único puente explícito de esta obra al corpus demonológico occidental; `Demons on` por *Démons ou* es del OCR.

«Describing a series of unexplained manifestations that took place in Cideville, Normandy, circa 1850, the author relates a number of apparent encounters with invisible entities.» — el caso de Cideville, tomado de Gougenot des Mousseaux.

«Such incidents, in my view, throw a completely new light on the abduction reports that have too long been treated in a purely extraterrestrial context.» — La posición que saca de ahí, en primera persona.

«But this last case is almost like a fairy tale,» — su propia objeción a Azhazha ante un relato de abducción, y sigue «We cannot study this subject as a purely technical problem».

«The kind of absurdity to which Bachurin referred has been a characteristic of the phenomenon for a long time.» — el absurdo como rasgo, no como defecto del testimonio.

«French researcher Aime Michel first noticed it during the 1954 wave in France, when he spoke of “a festival of absurdities.”» — Lo adjudica a Aimé Michel; grafía `Aime` sin acento tal cual.

«Some researchers in the West, notably U.S. geologist Dr. John Derr and British author Paul Devereux, have argued that physical stresses within the earth could generate luminous objects that might be mistaken for UFOs.» — expone la hipótesis de las luces telúricas.

«Devereux even went beyond this hypothesis when he suggested that “earth lights,” as he called them, might themselves be endowed with a form of consciousness» — Consigna la versión fuerte de Devereux sin suscribirla.

«we were not blind to the fact that many Soviet sightings either were sorely lacking in documentation or came from unreliable sources» — consigna, sin suavizar, que gran parte del material no aguanta.

«It seemed to us that hypnotic regression, in many Soviet cases, was conducted with the same lack of standards and precautions that characterized the enthusiastic, but often misguided, American research» — su reserva sobre la hipnosis, extendida a ambos lados.

«Anyone voicing concern about such abuse of hypnosis, as I did, was attacked with a vehemence that betrayed considerable inner rage in these researchers» — consigna la reacción que su crítica provocó en el campo estadounidense.

«they did not censor from their data base the observations that failed to fit their theory, no matter how strange.» — Le concede al campo soviético una virtud que le niega al estadounidense.

«their whole methodology, in my opinion, has yet to be independently tested» — El límite que le pone.

«Too often, they have simply swallowed the lies that abound in the Western literature about such topics as abductions and crashed saucers, and adopted them as gospel simply because these stories came from the United States.» — objeta la importación acrítica de la literatura estadounidense.

«It is not so much the extent to which dowsing was used and applied that surprised us, as it is the high level of reliability Soviet researchers ascribed to it.» — su reserva sobre la biolocación, que fue lo que motivó el viaje.

«Obviously, we still have much to learn in this area.» — Cierra ese punto sin validarla.

«we differed with Larissa Kolessova on her assessment of astrology, and we continued to challenge the authenticity of the UMMO symbol on the side of the Voronezh object.» — sus dos desacuerdos nombrados.

«When Martine pointed out that the insignia had first been associated with a Spanish episode that was widely regarded as an outright hoax» — la objeción de Castello sobre el símbolo UMMO.

«There was disagreement on this point among the researchers in the room.» — Consigna que los propios soviéticos no coincidían.

«Professor Migulin told us he thought the sightings in Voronezh were simply mistaken observations of rocket launches from Volgograd,» — registra el desacuerdo con el académico oficial y deja en pie la réplica de Azhazha sin arbitrar.

«There is the truth we seek and the truth we need to believe in, and these two truths are not necessarily identical.» — la regla epistémica que declara sobre sí mismo y sobre el campo.

«genuine UFO data are buried within hoaxes, undocumented tales, and an enormous mass of wishful thinking» — Su aplicación al material soviético.

«After carefully studying several contactee organizations and occult groups, some of which I had actually joined for a short time» — declara su propio método de campo con las sectas, en primera persona.

«I had come to the conclusion that high-demand sects were a very significant component of UFO mythology, although they had no hard data and no insight into the actual nature of the phenomenon.» — la conclusión que reclama para *Messengers of Deception* (1979).

«many ufologists (notably those who belonged to organized groups) reacted to the book with a level of anger that was out of proportion to the comments I had offered» — La reacción que consigna.

«studies for which the Air Force's Project Blue Book was only a public relations cover. But results have never been revealed by the Pentagon.» — da el rumor occidental como no confirmado, en la misma frase.

«Another aspect of the field with which the Soviet researchers seem perfectly comfortable has to do with the mythological, religious, and anthropological factors.» — la observación comparativa con más valor para este corpus: consigna la lectura mitológica como fortaleza ajena, no como método propio.

«Numerous researchers, like the scientific historian Vladimir Rubtsov in Kharkov and the ethnographer Valeri Sanarov in Novosibirsk, have conducted extensive analyses of this problem.» — Le pone nombres.

«UFO and Ufonauts in the Light of Folklore» — el artículo de Sanarov, en *Technology for Youth*, n.º 11, 1979, tal como lo consigna la obra.

«I had to admit that, with few exceptions (notably in the very popular domain of speculation about ancient astronauts and possible reinterpretations of the Bible), our social scientists had not paid much attention to the phenomenon» — admite la asimetría, en primera persona.

«As for the major UFO civilian research organizations in the United States, they had increasingly discouraged this line of research out of a narrow policy that emphasized the abductionist theory and the space visitors concept» — Adjudica el déficit a una política del propio campo.

«We saw evidence of it in a movie entitled In Search of the Visitors that was produced at the Kiev studios in 1988.» — el vehículo institucional documentado.

«created under official auspices with the participation of numerous physical and social scientists, including the scientific historian Vladimir Rubtsov» — su patrocinio y su elenco.

«it did so in a sober, academic manner without ever becoming pedantic or boring» — Su registro, según el autor.

«phenomena like biblical apparitions or the Fatima miracle should be reinterpreted within the mythological framework of the UFO phenomenon.» — la hipótesis que consigna como establecida allá; la frase arranca al pie de la p. 202.

«Such speculation, considered marginal at best in the West, and discouraged by many church hierarchies, is becoming a topic of mainstream research among Soviet sociologists.» — La formula como diferencia de estatus académico entre bloques, que es dato de recepción, no doctrina.

«The possibility that UFOs might be an indication of the existence of higher physical dimensions, which is still regarded as a strange notion in the West, has long been present in the minds of Soviet scientists» — lo hace suyo como diferencia de tradición, no como tesis propia.

«Tsiolkovsky gave careful consideration to several theories about such beings.» — sobre Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), a quien fecha en 1920 la conclusión de que la Tierra era observada.

«Remarkably, he did not restrict himself to a nuts-and-bolts interpretation, even speculating about esoteric views.» — Consigna su apertura a lo etéreo.

«Most important, notes the Estonian researcher Yuri Lina in an unpublished manuscript, Tsiolkovsky proposed the hypothesis that advanced alien societies might already be influencing humanity, in ways unknown to us.» — adjudicado a Yuri Lina, no a sí mismo.

«Azhazha and his colleagues had independently noticed that UFO phenomena were polymorphic.» — adjudica a Azhazha el reconocimiento independiente del polimorfismo.

«They recognized that this was one of the fundamental characteristics of the problem, and this understanding placed them at the forefront of international research.» — Su valoración.

«In March 1990, we were pleased to learn that Vladimir Azhazha had been appointed as the head of the new All-Union Inter-Industrial Ufological Scientific Research Coordination Center affiliated with the Academy of Sciences.» — el desenlace institucional que consigna.

«In January 1990, following a wave of reported UFO sightings in the Soviet Union, renowned UFO investigator Dr. Jacques Vallee and Martine Castello, a science reporter for the prestigious French newspaper Le Figaro, took an extraordinary journey to Moscow» — solapa del sobrecubierta, con precio impreso. No es voz de la obra.

«What they heard had never been said in the West.» — misma solapa; frase muy tentadora y de la editorial.

«this is a major contribution to our knowledge about alien contact.» — cierre de la solapa, en registro promocional.

«UFO chronicles of the Soviet Union : a cosmic Samizdat / Jacques Vallee in collaboration with Martine Castello.» — ficha de la Library of Congress; ISBN 0-345-37396-0, primera edición marzo de 1992.

«Maps and illustrations rendered by Patrick O'Brien» — crédito de mapas e ilustraciones; el diseño es de Ann Gold.

«My trip with Martine Gastello was no exception to that rule.» — `Gastello` por Castello, en los agradecimientos, es decir, en el texto firmado. Se consigna tal cual: ver Notas de carga.

«The well-known Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky admitted the possibility that space and time were multidimensional.» — epígrafe de la conclusión, firmado por el periodista O. V. Stolyarov, Voronezh, octubre de 1989. Voz de tercero, no posición de Vallée.

«Apparently we've tread on the corns of some supercivilization, and it has decided to regulate our progress as it sees fit.» — segundo epígrafe de la conclusión, de Arkady y Boris Strugatsky, *Definitely Maybe*, 1977.

«Historians and folklore experts should get involved. We need psychics and we need physicists. We even need philosophers.» — voz de Vladimir Azhazha reclamando un enfoque multidisciplinar.

«It lasted ten years, from 1976 to 1987,» — voz de Azhazha sobre el grupo soviético de estudio de ovnis submarinos que dirigió.

«Malichev has been subjected to psychiatric observation and to psychological analysis,» — voz de Azhazha sobre el caso del pintor; Vallée la consigna sin adjudicársela. La frase arranca al pie de la p. 157 y cierra en la 158 con «something did happen to him, but what was it?».

«All the launches from Volgograd are toward the east. But Voronezh is to the northwest of the rocket site.» — réplica de Azhazha a la explicación de Migulin, que la obra deja en pie sin arbitrar.

«It is as if you and I had been working together for the last ten years.» — Azhazha en la primera hora del primer diálogo.

«It was first reported in our region in a case that dates from 1984.» — voz de un miembro del colectivo de Voronezh defendiendo la autenticidad del símbolo UMMO.

«When such changes occur, we speak of several phases of forming.» — cita del informe soviético, no de Vallée.

«In order to emphasize that the matter has to do with changes in shape, we call the corresponding phases “forming phases.”» — el aporte terminológico, adjudicado al mismo informe.

«There may be undiscovered forms of plasma consciousness in the universe,» — voz de un participante de la mesa redonda de Moscú, consignada sin adjudicar.

«They could have existed on this planet long before mankind appeared.» — continuación de la misma especulación, en boca de otro participante.

«We have always assumed that human consciousness was the master force on earth,» — otro participante; sigue «Perhaps the UFO phenomenon will teach us that we were grossly mistaken».

«Think of all the things you could do if you were a superconducting cloud half the size of the solar system,» — voz de Charlie Rosen, pionero de la robótica en Silicon Valley, que Vallée pone al lado como paralelo occidental.

«But some of the recent observations were made at the sacred site of Moliobka, which an ancient people already regarded as endowed by divine energy.» — voz de Emil Bachurin sobre el sitio sagrado de Moliobka, en los Urales, y el monumento de los mansi.

«One day one of the two children sees a black hand that comes close to him and strikes him.» — voz de Gougenot des Mousseaux en su libro de 1854, citada dentro de la obra.

Polimorfismo — Rasgo fundamental del fenómeno y, en su opinión, uno de los principales argumentos contra la nave interplanetaria

Fases de Formacion — Terminología adjudicada al informe soviético para las transiciones de forma; 149 transiciones en su catálogo

Samizdat — Documento copiado a mano y circulado entre amigos de confianza; nombra el estado material de toda la documentación del libro

Prodigio (prodigium, portentum, ostentum) — Entra como *señal de Dios*: El testigo de 1663 entiende lo visto como signo divino, y esa creencia es lo que hace fiable el informe ante la autoridad eclesiástica

Biolocacion — Práctica soviética extendida; consigna la fiabilidad que le atribuyen y declara no ver cómo se justifica

Ley de los Tiempos — Máximo de frecuencia de avistamientos entre las 21 y las 22 horas, confirmado sobre datos soviéticos

Dimensiones Superiores — Posibilidad presente desde antiguo en la tradición científica soviética, vía Tsiolkovsky, y extraña en Occidente

Hadas Silfides Duendes — Las entidades se comportan como los seres de leyenda de las crónicas medievales; observación propia recogida vía el comentario de Bachurin

Demonologia — El caso de la mano negra de Cideville, c. 1850, tomado de un libro de demonología de 1854, arroja luz nueva sobre las abducciones

Luces Teluricas — Hipótesis de Derr y Devereux sobre tensiones terrestres; Devereux les atribuye además una forma de conciencia