TRADITION · branch of Daoísmo
Shangqing
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La vía se nombra por un cielo, y sus escrituras dicen de dónde bajaron. Bokenkamp lo consigna así: «These texts, entitled the Shangqing (Upper Clarity) scriptures after the name of the heaven from which the beings came, were to profoundly alter not only the history of Daoism, but that of Chinese society and letters as a whole.» «Bokenkamp, Early Daoist Scriptures (Taoist Classics 1) · p. 11». Los Purple Texts, una de esas escrituras, declaran su propio origen y su primer practicante: «The Upper Scripture of Purple Texts Inscribed by the Spirits isthe essential text that the Sage of the Latter Heavens, Lord Li, himself received and practiced when he studied the Dao as a young man, It contains methods of achieving Perfection transmitted orally by the Celestial Thearch of Grand Tenuity and the Celestial Thearch of Upper Perfection from Purple Tenuity, two Celestial Thearchs from the heavens of Jade Clarity.» «Bokenkamp, Early Daoist Scriptures (Taoist Classics 1) · p. 164», y cantan el cielo que les da nombre: «The Golden Porte flashes ruggedly in the distance, Shaded and vague are the palaces of Upper Clarity. Savor the flowers of sun and moon; Glimpse the contours of the formless realm!» «Bokenkamp, Early Daoist Scriptures (Taoist Classics 1) · p. 163».
Dentro del daoísmo, es la segunda de las tres tradiciones escriturales que el corpus documenta. Bokenkamp las nombra juntas: «This was also a time of copious scripture production, the period during which three major scriptural traditions of Daoism—the Celestial Masters, the Shangqing (Upper Clarity), and the Lingbao (Numinous Gem)—took shape.» «Bokenkamp, Early Daoist Scriptures (Taoist Classics 1) · p. 5». Robinet, que escribe Taoism, abre su epílogo con el peso que le adjudica: «As we indicated at the outset, the Shang-ch'ing texts have been enormously important in the history of Taoism.» «Robinet — Taoist Meditation (1993) · p. 253», y lo cierra con una definición: «The religion of Shang-ch'ing is a religion of the immediate present, of presence, and of epiphany.» «Robinet — Taoist Meditation (1993) · p. 256».
Del origen hay dos relatos y Robinet los pone uno junto a otro sin arbitrar. El de la crítica de fuentes: «All of these texts date from approximately the same period and the majority of them were reputedly revealed to a single person at the beginning of the fourth century C.E. They have, however, suffered various modifications and have been mixed up with forgeries. But since these altered texts were made by persons of the Mao-shan tradition who were familiar with the school's language and doctrines, even specialists of the period could hardly discriminate between "authentically" revealed texts and copied imitations.» «Robinet — Taoist Meditation (1993) · p. 35», con la datación que reporta de T'ao Hung-ching: «According to the great Taoist theorist T'ao Hung-ching (456-536), the appearance of the Mao-shan texts dates to this period.» «Robinet — Taoist Meditation (1993) · p. 35». Y el que la tradición sostiene de sí misma: «The tradition itself, however, claims that its origins go back to the Mao brothers who, in the first century B.C.E, retreated to the mountain that subsequently was named after them.» «Robinet — Taoist Meditation (1993) · p. 35». De la montaña viene también el nombre del santo, y el de la escuela: «145-70. Dates given by legend for the Taoist saint, Mao Ying, who gave his name to Mao-shah and to the school.» «Robinet — Taoist Meditation (1993) · p. 43». Robinet concluye en condicional: «Given these factors, the Mao-shan movement would appear to be a new synthesis of both northern and southern tendencies.» «Robinet — Taoist Meditation (1993) · p. 36».
Lo que esta vía pone en el centro es la meditación, y lo pone por encima de lo demás. Robinet fija la jerarquía interna: «While the Mao-shan texts mention both breathing methods and the virtues of alchemy, they pay most attention to exercises of mental visualization.» «Robinet — Taoist Meditation (1993) · p. 79», y la atribuye nombrada: «T'ao Hung-ching put the visual meditation of the Ta-tung chen-ching (the central text among the Mao-shan works) above alchemy, sexual practices, and the ingestion of plants.» «Robinet — Taoist Meditation (1993) · p. 80». Del ritual dice qué lugar le queda: «Ritual, which was so important in the Heavenly Masters school, became secondary to the benefits of solitary meditation practiced either in a specially consecrated room or on a mountain.» «Robinet — Taoist Meditation (1993) · p. 37». Pregadio describe el mismo reordenamiento desde fuera: «Presenting itself as the result of a revelation issued from a heaven higher than the Great Clarity, as its name also implies, Shangqing brought forth a new hierarchical arrangement of the southeastern religious practices and their historical or legendary representatives. Emphasizing inner meditation and visualization, it placed other techniques, including alchemy, at a lower level in its ranking of doctrines and methods.» «Pregadio — Great Clarity (2005) · p. 25». Bokenkamp nombra la práctica principal de los Purple Texts y a qué vino a sustituir: «Foremost among those meditations was a practice for creating the embryos of perfection within the body through the absorption of lunar and solar essences, a method meant to replace Celestial Master sexual rites, which in the Shangqing tradition were seen as vulgar.» «Bokenkamp, Early Daoist Scriptures (Taoist Classics 1) · p. 11», y acota cómo no debe leerse ese acento en lo solitario: «Though it would be misleading to port Shangqing texts as individualistic in the modern Western sen do focus almost exclusively on solo practice.» «Bokenkamp, Early Daoist Scriptures (Taoist Classics 1) · p. 147».
in the library: 1 ascribed work · 0 linked authors
Ascribed works
each ascription is recorded in the entry of its workWhat the works say about it
how each work defines it, with its passageBokenkamp, Early Daoist Scriptures (Taoist Classics 1)
Claims
17 entries«These texts, entitled the Shangqing (Upper Clarity) scriptures after the name of the heaven from which the beings came, were to profoundly alter not only the history of Daoism, but that of Chinese society and letters as a whole.» — Bokenkamp dice de dónde toma su nombre el Shangqing y qué alteró; es uno de los dos pasajes que sostienen la filiación de esta ficha.
«The Upper Scripture of Purple Texts Inscribed by the Spirits isthe essential text that the Sage of the Latter Heavens, Lord Li, himself received and practiced when he studied the Dao as a young man, It contains methods of achieving Perfection transmitted orally by the Celestial Thearch of Grand Tenuity and the Celestial Thearch of Upper Perfection from Purple Tenuity, two Celestial Thearchs from the heavens of Jade Clarity.» — los Purple Texts declaran su propio origen: el texto esencial que el Señor Li recibió y practicó de joven.
«The Golden Porte flashes ruggedly in the distance, Shaded and vague are the palaces of Upper Clarity. Savor the flowers of sun and moon; Glimpse the contours of the formless realm!» — las estrofas de los Purple Texts nombran los palacios de la Claridad Superior.
«This was also a time of copious scripture production, the period during which three major scriptural traditions of Daoism—the Celestial Masters, the Shangqing (Upper Clarity), and the Lingbao (Numinous Gem)—took shape.» — el prefacio de Bokenkamp nombra las tres tradiciones escriturales del daoísmo y pone al Shangqing la segunda.
«As we indicated at the outset, the Shang-ch'ing texts have been enormously important in the history of Taoism.» — Robinet abre su epílogo con la importancia que adjudica a los textos Shang-ch'ing dentro del taoísmo; es el otro pasaje que sostiene la filiación.
«The religion of Shang-ch'ing is a religion of the immediate present, of presence, and of epiphany.» — y cierra definiendo esa religión por su temporalidad.
«All of these texts date from approximately the same period and the majority of them were reputedly revealed to a single person at the beginning of the fourth century C.E. They have, however, suffered various modifications and have been mixed up with forgeries. But since these altered texts were made by persons of the Mao-shan tradition who were familiar with the school's language and doctrines, even specialists of the period could hardly discriminate between "authentically" revealed texts and copied imitations.» — el problema de autenticidad que Robinet plantea de entrada: los textos se alteraron desde dentro de la propia tradición.
«According to the great Taoist theorist T'ao Hung-ching (456-536), the appearance of the Mao-shan texts dates to this period.» — la datación que reporta con su fuente nombrada, T'ao Hung-ching.
«The tradition itself, however, claims that its origins go back to the Mao brothers who, in the first century B.C.E, retreated to the mountain that subsequently was named after them.» — y enfrente, sin armonizar, lo que la tradición sostiene de su propio origen: los hermanos Mao del siglo I antes de la era.
«145-70. Dates given by legend for the Taoist saint, Mao Ying, who gave his name to Mao-shah and to the school.» — la tabla cronológica de Robinet da como legendarias las fechas de Mao Ying, que dio su nombre al monte y a la escuela; el troceo imprime «Mao-shah».
«Given these factors, the Mao-shan movement would appear to be a new synthesis of both northern and southern tendencies.» — la conclusión de Robinet, dicha en condicional: una síntesis nueva de tendencias del norte y del sur.
«While the Mao-shan texts mention both breathing methods and the virtues of alchemy, they pay most attention to exercises of mental visualization.» — la jerarquía interna que Robinet fija: los textos de Mao-shan mencionan respiración y alquimia, y atienden sobre todo a la visualización.
«T'ao Hung-ching put the visual meditation of the Ta-tung chen-ching (the central text among the Mao-shan works) above alchemy, sexual practices, and the ingestion of plants.» — y el orden que atribuye a T'ao Hung-ching, con la meditación visual del Ta-tung chen-ching arriba.
«Ritual, which was so important in the Heavenly Masters school, became secondary to the benefits of solitary meditation practiced either in a specially consecrated room or on a mountain.» — qué lugar le queda al ritual, tan importante en la escuela de los Maestros Celestiales.
«Presenting itself as the result of a revelation issued from a heaven higher than the Great Clarity, as its name also implies, Shangqing brought forth a new hierarchical arrangement of the southeastern religious practices and their historical or legendary representatives. Emphasizing inner meditation and visualization, it placed other techniques, including alchemy, at a lower level in its ranking of doctrines and methods.» — Pregadio describe el reordenamiento desde fuera: revelación de un cielo más alto que la Gran Claridad, con la alquimia rebajada de nivel.
«Foremost among those meditations was a practice for creating the embryos of perfection within the body through the absorption of lunar and solar essences, a method meant to replace Celestial Master sexual rites, which in the Shangqing tradition were seen as vulgar.» — Bokenkamp nombra la meditación principal de los Purple Texts y los ritos a los que vino a sustituir.
«Though it would be misleading to port Shangqing texts as individualistic in the modern Western sen do focus almost exclusively on solo practice.» — y acota cómo no leer ese acento en la práctica solitaria; el escaneo come palabras enteras en la línea.