Entheogen

«Out of the many words proposed to describe this unique class of drugs only a few have survived in current usage. It is the contention of the authors who have subscribed their names to this chapter that none of these terms really deserve greater longevity, if our language is not to perpetuate the misunderstandings of the past.» — Ruck, Bigwood, Staples, Ott y Wasson, que firman juntos el capítulo, sostienen que ninguno de los nombres en uso merece durar si la lengua no ha de perpetuar los malentendidos del pasado.

«We commonly refer, for example, to the alteration of sensory perceptions as ‘hallucination’ and hence a drug that effected such a change became known as an ‘hallucinogen.’1 The verb, ‘hallucinate,’ however, immediately imposes a value judgment upon the nature of the altered perceptions, for it means ‘to be deceived or entertain false notions.’» — objetan *hallucinogen* porque el verbo impone un juicio de valor sobre lo percibido: alucinar es engañarse.

«Psychology, which is etymologically the study of the ‘soul,’ has until recently concerned itself only with mental illness and aberrant behavior, and all of the terms formed from the psycho- root suffer from this connotation of sickness: psychotic, for example, cannot mean ‘soulful.’» — objetan la raíz psico- entera por su connotación de enfermedad.

«However, not only is ‘psychedelic’ an incorrect verbal formation, but it has become so invested with connotations of the pop culture of the 1960s that it is incongruous to speak of a shaman’s taking a ‘psychedelic’ drug.» — objetan *psychedelic* por mal formada y por haber quedado investida de la cultura pop de los sesenta, de modo que no cabe decir de un chamán que toma una droga psicodélica.

«We, therefore, propose a new term that would be appropriate for describing states of shamanic and ecstatic possession induced by ingestion of mind-altering drugs.» — proponen un término nuevo para los estados de posesión chamánica y extática inducidos por la ingestión de drogas que alteran la mente.

«In Greek the word entheos means literally ‘god, (theos) within,’ and was used to describe the condition that follows when one is inspired and possessed by the god that has entered one’s body. It was applied to prophetic seizures, erotic passion and artistic creation, as well as to those religious rites in which mystical states were experienced through the ingestion of substances that were transubstantial with the deity.» — dan la base griega: *entheos*, el dios dentro, dicho de quien está inspirado y poseído por el dios que ha entrado en su cuerpo.

«In combination with the Greek root gen-, which denotes the action of ‘becoming,’ this word results in the term that we are proposing: entheogen.» — y con la raíz gen-, que denota la acción de llegar a ser, forman el término que proponen.

«In a strict sense, only those vision-producing drugs that can be shown to have figured in shamanic or religious rites would be designated entheogens, but in a looser sense, the term could also be applied to other» — delimitan su alcance estricto: solo las drogas visionarias de las que conste uso en ritos chamánicos o religiosos; el sentido laxo sigue en la cita siguiente.

«drugs, both natural and artificial, that induce alterations of consciousness similar to those documented for ritual ingestion of traditional entheogens.» — y en sentido laxo, las demás drogas, naturales o artificiales, que inducen alteraciones de consciencia parecidas a las documentadas para la ingestión ritual.

«‘Hallucinogen’ and ‘hallucinogenic’ were words coined by a group of physicians preoccupied with these mysterious drugs - Abram Hoffer, Humphrey Osmond, and John Smythies in America, and Donald Johnson in England. To Johnson goes priority.» — Wasson data en nota el acuñamiento de *hallucinogen* y *hallucinogenic* y nombra a los médicos que los acuñaron, con la prioridad para Johnson.

«Lewin grouped psychoactive plants in five categories: excitantia, inebriantia, hypnotica, euphorica, and phantastica. None has stirred deeper interest than the phantastica-the drugs that produce hallucinations. Unfortunately, this term has not been generally adopted; in fact, in English-speaking countries, it is unknown.» — Schultes y Hofmann recogen la clasificación quíntuple de Lewin y dicen que *phantastica* no fue adoptado y que en los países de habla inglesa es desconocido.

«They have variously been called deliriants, delusionogens, eidetics, hallucinogens, misperceptinogens, mysticomimetics, phanerothymes, phantasticants, psychotics, psychoticants, psychogens, psychosomimetics, psychodysleptics, psychotaraxics, psychotogens, psychotomimetics, and schizogens among other epithets. Most recently, the term psychedelics has found wide acceptance in the United States.» — el inventario de epítetos que Schultes y Hofmann levantan en 1973, antes de que el término nuevo existiera; registran que *psychedelics* ha hallado amplia aceptación en los Estados Unidos.

«Throughout the book, we have employed the term hallucinogen or psychotomimetic to mean either the active chemical principles or the plant containing them, or crude extracts of such plants.» — la definición operativa que adoptan: *hallucinogen* o *psychotomimetic* nombra a la vez el principio activo, la planta que lo contiene y sus extractos crudos.

«Osmond attempted to avoid these adverse associations when he coined ‘psychedelic,’2 the only word in English that employs the anomalous root psyche- instead of the psycho-, in hopes that this term, as distinct from ‘psychotomimetic,’ might indicate something that ‘reveals the soul.’» — los cinco firmantes cuentan que Osmond acuñó *psychedelic* para esquivar las asociaciones adversas de *psychotomimetic*.

«Perhaps the most cogent advocate for the prescribed t psychedelics at this time was a young English psychiatrist Canada, Humphrey Osmond (1917-2004). It was Osmond spring morning in 1953, administered mescaline to Aldous the experiment that formed the basis of The Doors of Percept indeed it was Osmond who, in a poetic sparring match coined the term ‘psychedelic’, meaning ‘mind-manifesting’.» — Letcher adjudica a Humphry Osmond la acuñación de *psychedelic*, que glosa como lo que manifiesta la mente; el troceo pierde el margen de la plana.

«The term psycholytic therapy was coined by Ronald A. Sandison, an English therapist of Jungian Orientation and a pioneer of clinical LSD research. The root -lysis or -lytic signifies the dissolution of tension or conflicts in the human psyche.» — Hofmann atribuye *psycholytic* a Ronald A. Sandison y explica la raíz.

«Even if we agree to call it a drug, look at how many different names it has: hallucinogen (producing hallucinations), entheogen (generating the divine), mysticomimetic (mimicking mystical states), oneirogen (producing dreams), phanerothyme (producing visible feelings), phantasticant (stimulating fantasy), psychodysleptic (mind-disturbing), psychotomimetic and psychotogen (mimicking or producing psychosis, respectively), and psychotoxin and schizotoxin (a poison causing psychosis or schizophrenia, respectively).» — Strassman enumera los nombres de la clase, *entheogen* entre ellos con su glosa entre paréntesis.

«Try this mental exercise: Consider how you might look forward to your day as a "research subject" under the influence of a "psychotomimetic agent." Then reconsider: How would you feel about your role as a "celebrant" in a "ceremony" involving an "entheogenic sacrament"? How would these different contexts affect your interpretation of the hallucinations and intense mood swings brought on by the drug? Would you be "going crazy" or having an "enlightenment experience"?» — y propone el ejercicio de cambiar de nombre y de marco: sujeto de investigación bajo un agente psicotomimético, o celebrante de una ceremonia con un sacramento enteogénico.

«Jonathan Ott delivered a brilliant lecture on the history of “entheogens”—a term he helped coin.» — Pollan acredita a Jonathan Ott como uno de quienes acuñaron el término.

«The website downplays the organization’s interest in promoting entheogens—Bob Jesse’s preferred term for psychedelics—but does describe its mission in suggestive terms: “to identify and develop approaches to primary religious experience that can be used safely and effectively.”» — Pollan lo registra como el término preferido de Bob Jesse.

«Hoping to escape those associations and underscore the spiritual dimensions of these drugs, some researchers have proposed they instead be called “entheogens”—from the Greek for “the divine within.” This strikes me as too emphatic.» — Pollan consigna la propuesta y la descarta para su libro por enfática.

«Despite the 1960s trappings, the term “psychedelic,” coined in 1956, is etymologically accurate. Drawn from the Greek, it means simply “mind manifesting,” which is precisely what these extraordinary molecules hold the power to do.» — y se queda con *psychedelic* por razón etimológica.

«Human groups, which had at their disposal psychedelic plants, took advantage of their entheogenic effects (entheogenic means literally “awakening the divine within”) and made them the principal vehicle of their ritual and spiritual life.» — Stanislav Grof, prologuista de la edición de Hofmann, usa *entheogenic* y da su lectura literal; es la voz de Grof, no la de Hofmann.

«1996. Pharmacotheon. Entheogenic Drugs, Their Plant» — muestra de los cuatro sitios en que la palabra aparece en el volumen de Letcher, todos en títulos ajenos de la bibliografía y ninguno en el cuerpo.

«Since the nineteenth century occult revival, the philosophers' stone has drifted even further into virtual obscurity. The purpose of this work, then, is to reconnect Renaissance alchemy with its entheogenic roots. So far as we're aware, the entheogenic model of alchemical interpretation is the only one which at once satisfies all of the requirements demanded in the literature of the philosophers' stone. Without it, the riddles presented within the pages of the various manuscripts oftentimes degrade and devolve into little more than surrealistic nonsense. It's high time, then, that the entheogenic model be given a proper treatment. Thus, do we submit the present contribution.» — Newman declara como propósito de su libro reconectar la alquimia renacentista con sus raíces enteogénicas y llama a lo suyo modelo enteogénico de interpretación alquímica.

«As is immediately obvious from my title, I use the neologism entheogen(ic) throughout this book, a new word proposed bya group of scholars including Dr. R. Gordon Wasson, Prof. Carl A.P Ruck and me.» — Ott abre la nota sobre el texto declarando el neologismo que usa en todo el libro y a quiénes lo propusieron con él, Wasson y Ruck entre ellos.

«As we know from personal experience that shamanic inebriants do not provoke “hallucinations” or “psychosis,” and feel it incongruous to refer to traditional shamanic use of psychedelic plants (that word, pejorative for many, referring invariably to sixties’ western drug use), we coined this new term in 1979» — Ott da la razón del término: sostiene que los embriagantes chamánicos no provocan alucinaciones ni psicosis, y llama incongruente hablar de uso chamánico tradicional de plantas psicodélicas, palabra que dice peyorativa para muchos y referida invariablemente al uso occidental de los sesenta; el tramo corta antes de la remisión bibliográfica.

«The term is not meant to specify a pharmacological class of drugs (some, for example, conceive of psychedelic as implying indole and phenethylamine drugs with an Lsp- or mescaline-like effect); rather, it designates drugs which provoke ecstasy and have traditionally been used as shamanic or religious inebriants, as well as their active principles and artificial congeners.» — la definición que Ott fija: *entheogen* no nombra una clase farmacológica sino las drogas que provocan éxtasis y que tradicionalmente se han usado como embriagantes chamánicos o religiosos, más sus principios activos y sus congéneres artificiales.

«I outline thoroughly the histories of words for sacred plant drugs in Chapter 1, Note 1. lam happy to say, seventeen years after launching the neologism on its literary career, that the word has been accepted by the majority of experts in this field, and has appeared in print inat least eight languages.» — Ott remite la historia de los nombres de estas plantas a la nota 1 del capítulo 1 y registra la fortuna del término diecisiete años después de lanzarlo: aceptado por la mayoría de los expertos del campo e impreso en al menos ocho lenguas; el escaneo pega *in* y *at*.

«The term entheogen was first suggested by classical scholars Carl A.P. Ruck and Danny Staples, pioneering entheogen researcher R. Gordon Wasson, ethnobotanist Jeremy Bigwood and me.» — Ott da el acta del término y nombra a los cinco que lo propusieron: los helenistas Carl A. P. Ruck y Danny Staples, el investigador R. Gordon Wasson, el etnobotánico Jeremy Bigwood y él mismo.

«The neologism derives from an obsolete Greek word meaning “realizing the divine within, ”» — la etimología que Ott da al término: una palabra griega en desuso que significa realizar lo divino dentro; el tramo corta en el cambio de plana y sigue en la siguiente.

«the term used by the ancient Greeks to describe states of poetic or prophetic inspiration, to describe the entheogenic state which can be induced by sacred plantdrugs.» — continuación en la plana siguiente: era la palabra con que los antiguos griegos describían los estados de inspiración poética o profética, y con ella Ott nombra el estado enteogénico que inducen las drogas vegetales sagradas; el impreso parte *plant-drugs* a fin de renglón y la extracción lo devuelve *plantdrugs*.

«This term replaces the pejorative words psychotomimetic and hallucinogenic, with their connotations of psychosis and hallucination, and the orthographically incorrect psychedelic (the correct spelling being psychodelic, as the word is commonly rendered in languages other than English), which has become so invested with connotations of sixties’ popular culture (“psychedelic” art, music, efc.) as to make it incongruous to speak of ancient shamanic use of a psychedelic plant.» — Ott declara a qué sustituye el término: a *psychotomimetic* y *hallucinogenic*, que llama peyorativos por sus connotaciones de psicosis y alucinación, y al ortográficamente incorrecto *psychedelic* —dice que lo correcto sería *psychodelic*, como se escribe en otras lenguas—, tan investido de la cultura popular de los sesenta que vuelve incongruente hablar del uso chamánico antiguo de una planta psicodélica.

«In a 1956 letter to Huxley, Humphry Osmond had proposed the term psychedelic for mescaline and related drugs. Huxley (whose vision was quite poor) apparently misread the word as psychodetic, and in his 30 March 1956 letter to Osmond proposed phanerothyme as an alternative, thinking it meant “that which makes manifest.”» — la nota primera del capítulo, donde Ott levanta el acta de los nombres: en una carta de 1956 Osmond propuso a Huxley el término *psychedelic*, Huxley lo leyó mal como *psychodetic* y propuso en su carta del 30 de marzo *phanerothyme*, creyendo que significaba lo que hace manifiesto.

«Osmond replied with the following ditty: “To fathom Hell or soar angelic,/Just take a pinch of psychedelic.”» — la copla con que Osmond le respondió, citada por Ott: para sondear el infierno o remontarse como un ángel, basta una pizca de psicodélico.

«Huxley responded with: “To make this trivial world sublime,/Take a half a gramme of phanerothyme”» — y la copla de vuelta de Huxley: para volver sublime este mundo trivial, medio gramo de fanerotima.

«Osmond settled on psychedelic, but Huxley instead used the etymologically correct psychodelic, which Osmond rejected, because of the connotation of “psychotic.”» — el desacuerdo que quedó: Osmond se quedó con *psychedelic* y Huxley usó en cambio el etimológicamente correcto *psychodelic*, que Osmond rechazó por su connotación de psicótico.

«Phanerothyme was then all but forgotten (Bieberman 1968), which is just as well, for the word would mean “manifester of passion, temper or anger”» — y la suerte de la otra propuesta: *phanerothyme* quedó casi olvidada, lo que Ott da por bueno, ya que la palabra significaría manifestadora de pasión, humor o cólera.

«These drugs had earlier been designated hallucinogens by D. Johnson (Johnson 1953), who borrowed the term from Osmond and Americans A. Hoffer and J. Smythies.» — el acta del término anterior: *hallucinogens* lo designó antes D. Johnson, que lo tomó de Osmond y de los estadounidenses A. Hoffer y J. Smythies.

«Other names were psychodysleptic and psychotomimetic (or psychosomimetic, Shulgin 19638), which more than psychodelic suffered from the association of the drugs with psychosis» — y los demás nombres que Ott inventaria con su objeción: *psychodysleptic* y *psychotomimetic*, que más que *psychodelic* padecen la asociación de estas drogas con la psicosis.

«Psychedelic enjoyed popular success, and was spread in the scientific world by the seminal The Psychedelic Review (founded by Osmond, R. Metzner and T. Leary in 1963» — y la difusión del que triunfó: *psychedelic* tuvo éxito popular y se extendió en el mundo científico por *The Psychedelic Review*, fundada por Osmond, Metzner y Leary en 1963.

«Apart from being an incorrect verbal formation, however, psychedelic suffered connotations of 1960s drug use and of political and artistic associations deriving therefrom (psychedelic art, music, etc.; Ratsch 1993) such that it became incongruous to speak of traditional shamans using psychedelic plants.» — la objeción de Ott a *psychedelic*, fuera de estar mal formada: quedó cargada de las connotaciones del uso de drogas de los sesenta y de sus asociaciones políticas y artísticas, de modo que resulta incongruente hablar de chamanes tradicionales usando plantas psicodélicas.

«Moreover, the word cannot escape the psycho stigma—it is commonly translated into Spanish as /p/sicodélico (to avoid the orthographically-complex and etymologically anomalous /p/siquedelico) and writers in other languages similarly employ the correct root psycho-.» — y la segunda objeción: la palabra no escapa al estigma de *psico*, porque al español se traduce como psicodélico y en otras lenguas se usa igualmente la raíz correcta.

«In 1979, Carl A.P. Ruck, Jeremy Bigwood, Danny Staples, R. Gordon Wasson and I proposed entheogen(ic) as an etymologically and culturally appropriate, non-prejudicial term to describe shamanic inebriants and replace those terms discussed above» — el acta del término que Ott firma: en 1979 Carl A. P. Ruck, Jeremy Bigwood, Danny Staples, R. Gordon Wasson y él mismo propusieron *entheogen(ic)* como término etimológica y culturalmente apropiado y no prejuicioso para los embriagantes chamánicos, en sustitución de todos los anteriores.

«Entheogenic (literally “becoming divine within”) refers to the common perception of users of entheogens, which is anything but an hallucination, that the divine infuses all beings, including the entheogenic plant and its fortunate human user.» — la definición que da: enteogénico, literalmente volverse divino por dentro, remite a la percepción común de sus usuarios —cualquier cosa menos una alucinación— de que lo divino infunde a todos los seres, incluida la planta enteogénica y quien la toma.

«A popular book dismissed entheogen as “a clumsy word freighted with theological baggage” (T.K. McKenna 1992), the author having neglected to appreciate its non-theological sense, and being apparently unaware of the use of the word in ancient Greece. Incongruously, this word was dismissed for its purported “theological baggage” in a book entitled Food of the Gods!» — un desacuerdo que Ott consigna con nombre: un libro popular despachó *entheogen* como palabra torpe cargada de bagaje teológico, y Ott objeta que su autor no apreció el sentido no teológico del término ni conocía su uso en la Grecia antigua, y anota que la objeción venía en un libro titulado *Food of the Gods*.

«B.R. Ortiz de Montellano, an expert in Meso-American ethnomedicine, adopted the term entheogen enthusiastically (Ortiz de Montellano 1981), saying that it mirrored closely ancient Aztec notions of the actions of their sacred plants, as evidenced by the Nahuatl terms itech quinehua (“it takes possession of him”) and itech quiza (“it comes out in him”) to describe the entheogenic experience» — y una adhesión: Ortiz de Montellano adoptó el término con entusiasmo diciendo que reflejaba de cerca las nociones aztecas sobre la acción de sus plantas sagradas, con las fórmulas nahuas *itech quinehua*, lo toma posesión de él, e *itech quiza*, sale en él.

«Entheogen has been used by many leading experts in the field, including J. Bigwood, M.D. Coe, J.L. Diaz, W. Doniger (O'Flaherty), WA. Emboden, A. Escohotado, J. Fericgla, P.T. Furst, J. Gartz, G. Guzman, J. Halifax, A. Hofmann, F.J. Lipp, B. Lowy, D.J. McKenna, E. MacRae, B.R. Ortiz de Montellano, C.A.P. Ruck, R.E. Schultes, R.G. Wasson and others; though some, such as W. La Barre and AT. Shulgin have shunned it» — el censo de recepción que Ott levanta: nombra a los expertos que han usado *entheogen* y, sin armonizar, a los dos que lo han rehuido, La Barre y Shulgin.

«Entheogen has appeared widely in print—in English, German, French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish (the 1979 paper proposing the word was translated into Spanish and published as an appendix to the Spanish edition of The Road to Eleusis; Wasson et al. 19808), even in Catalan and Slovenian.» — y su difusión impresa: en inglés, alemán, francés, italiano, portugués y español, y aun en catalán y esloveno.

«With the present book, it appears for the sixth time in a book title, the first being Persephone’s Quest: Entheogens and the Origins of Religion» — la cuenta que hace: con este libro la palabra aparece por sexta vez en el título de un libro, el primero *Persephone's Quest: Entheogens and the Origins of Religion*.

«I reserve the term for the opiate drugs, and have already explained my reasoning behind my use of the word entheogen in lieu of psychedelic or psychotomimetic» — y lo que él hace en cambio: reserva *narcotic* para los opiáceos, como reserva *entheogen* en lugar de *psychedelic* o *psychotomimetic*.

«Psychoactive and psychotropic are precise, etymologically-correct terms to embrace all classes of drugs with effects on consciousness, as opposed to other categories of drugs, such as antimicrobials, diuretics, etc.» — y los dos términos generales que sí acepta: *psychoactive* y *psychotropic*, precisos y etimológicamente correctos para abarcar todas las clases de drogas que obran sobre la consciencia.

«I might mention in closing that a further problem with marcotic is that it prejudices people against the entheogens—since the word has acquired the meaning of “addictive” and since its legal meaning is “an illicit substance”; whereas, fortunately, many entheogens remain quite legal, and they are decidedly nor addictive.» — el último argumento que añade: *narcotic* prejuicia contra los enteógenos, porque ha venido a significar adictivo y su sentido legal es el de sustancia ilícita, mientras muchos enteógenos siguen siendo legales y no son adictivos.

«Hallucinogens may likewise cause artificial psychoses—the basis of one of the numerous terms for this class of active agents: psychotominietic ("inducing psychotic states» — los autores dan la psicosis artificial como base de uno de los nombres de esta clase de agentes, el de *psychotomimetic*.

«Modern studies have demonstrated such a complexity of psychophysiological effects that the term hallucinogen does not always cover the whole range of reactions. Therefore, a bewildering nomenclature has arisen.» — los autores explican la proliferación de nombres por la complejidad de los efectos, que ningún término cubre entero.

«The terms include entheogens, deliriants, delusionogens, eidetics, hallucinogens, rnisperceptinogens, mysticomimetics, phanerothymes, phantasticants» — el inventario de nombres que los autores enumeran sin arbitrar entre ellos, con *entheogens* a la cabeza y alguno deformado por el escaneo; la lista sigue más allá de este tramo y salta de plana.

«In Europe, they are frequently called phantastica. The most common name in the United States—psychedelics—is etymologically unsound and has acquired other meanings in the drug subculture.» — los autores reparten los nombres por geografía y objetan el más común en los Estados Unidos por etimología y por el uso que le dio la subcultura.

«But since these two terms—hallucinogen and psychotomimetic—are easily understood and widely used, we shall employ them in this book.» — la decisión de nomenclatura del volumen, dicha por los autores: usarán *hallucinogen* y *psychotomimetic* por ser los entendidos y los usados.

«As is true in any fast-developing field of research, an extensive nomenclature has grown up for narcotics that are capable of inducing various kinds of hallucination. Lewin called them the phantastica, although he recognized that this term “does not cover all that I should wish to convey.” Ihese agents have also been referred to as erdetics, hallucinogens, phantasticants, psychodelics, psychelytics, psychotica, psychoticents, psychogens, psychotomimetics, psychodysleptics, and schizogens» — el censo de nombres que Schultes hace para estas sustancias, empezando por los *phantastica* de Lewin y su propia reserva sobre el término.

«The most widely used term in the United States is the etymologically unsound and biologically inaccurate word psychodelic, which, through popular usage, has now acquired secondary and tertiary meanings (e.g., ‘‘psychodelic music,” ‘“‘psychodelic colors,” etc.). Although no single word is wholly satisfactory, I prefer the term hallucinogen, which applies, it seems to me, more widely and descriptively than most of the others» — la elección declarada de Schultes: llama etimológicamente infundado y biológicamente inexacto al término más usado en los Estados Unidos, y prefiere *hallucinogen*.

«a substance which produces changes in thought, perception and mood, occurring alone or in conjunction with each other, without causing major disturbances of the autonomic nervous system—i.e., clouding of consciousness or other serious disability» — la definición de psicotomimético que Schultes toma de Hofmann y adopta para su capítulo, con la cláusula que excluye la perturbación mayor del sistema nervioso autónomo.

«Because of the multidisciplinary character of the symposium, problems of terminology and the extent of discussion, no restrictions were imposed on participants with regard to nomenclature used, order of material or uniformity of presentation and reference listing.» — Efron declara la decisión editorial que explica la disparidad de nomenclatura del volumen: no se impuso ninguna a los participantes.

«In a particular field of research closely related to the theme of this congress and initiated by the discovery of LSD, our investigations on psychotomimetic drugs have been pursued.» — Hofmann sitúa la investigación de Sandoz sobre drogas psicotomiméticas como abierta por el hallazgo del LSD; psychotomimetic es una de las palabras con que el volumen nombra a estas sustancias.

«To a large extent the non-medical, partially legitimate, partially illegitimate, interest in and use of hallucinogenics or psychedelics is as a result of the possibilities mentioned under 3 above, namely of attaining a profound transformation of the conscious with the aid of these drugs.» — Hofmann deriva de ese tercer punto el interés no médico por lo que llama hallucinogenics or psychedelics: la transformación profunda de lo consciente; son otras dos de las palabras con que el volumen nombra a estas sustancias.

«If this is what Humphrey Osmond meant by the term "psychedelic" or "mind manifesting" for drugs such as LSD, it is an apt though not novel description.» — Freedman acepta el término psicodélico de Humphrey Osmond, con su sentido de manifestador de la mente, y le niega novedad; los dos términos van entrecomillados en el impreso.

«The mode of functioning and experiencing called psychedelic reflects an innate capacity (like the dream) of which the human mind, in a general sense, is capable» — la tesis central de Freedman sobre lo psicodélico: no es efecto de una sustancia sino una capacidad innata de la mente, como el sueño, que la sustancia obliga a manifestarse.

«The drugs I am referring to belong to a special group of psychoactive substances that have been characterized as psychedelics and, more recently, as entheogens (psychedelic sacraments). These effect an enormous stimulation of sensory perceptions, a decrease or even neutralization of the I–Thou boundary, and alterations in consciousness in the form of both sensitization and expansion» — Hofmann acota de qué drogas habla —las caracterizadas como psicodélicas y, más recientemente, como enteógenos, que glosa entre paréntesis como sacramentos psicodélicos— y describe su efecto: estimulación sensorial, merma o anulación del límite yo-tú y alteración de la consciencia.

«Because the term hallucination now has a psychopathological tinge to it, nonmedical circles and publications usually prefer the terms psychedelic, entheogen, or visionary substance and accordingly speak of psychedelic, entheogenic, or visionary experiences» — y explica el desplazamiento del vocabulario: como *hallucination* quedó teñido de psicopatología, fuera de la medicina se prefiere *psychedelic*, *entheogen* o sustancia visionaria.

«Soma was likely nothing more than a catchall word, similar to the current words drug, entheogen, psychedelic, et cetera. Soma has become a symbol for the “perfect drug» — y la conclusión de Rätsch sobre la palabra, la misma que dio para *moly* y para *strychnos*: *soma* sería un cajón de sastre como hoy droga, enteógeno o psicodélico, y se ha vuelto símbolo de la droga perfecta.

Drury y Skinner — The Search for Abraxas (1972)

Efron, Holmstedt y Kline (eds.) — Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs (1967)

Efron, Holmstedt y Kline (eds.) — Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs (1967)

Efron, Holmstedt y Kline (eds.) — Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs (1967)

Efron, Holmstedt y Kline (eds.) — Ethnopharmacologic Search for Psychoactive Drugs (1967)

The Ra Contact: Teaching the Law of One (L/L Research, 2018)

Furst (ed.) — Flesh of the Gods (1972; reimpresión de 1990)

Furst (ed.) — Flesh of the Gods (1972; reimpresión de 1990)

Furst (ed.) — Flesh of the Gods (1972; reimpresión de 1990)

Hofmann — LSD: My Problem Child (2009)

Letcher — Shroom: A Cultural History of the Magic Mushroom (2006)

Muraresku — The Immortality Key (2020)

Ott — Pharmacotheon (1996)

Pollan — How to Change Your Mind (2018)

Rätsch — The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants (2005)

Schultes, Hofmann y Rätsch — Plants of the Gods (2001)

Strassman — DMT: The Spirit Molecule (2001)

Wasson, Hofmann y Ruck — The Road to Eleusis (ponencias de 1977; edición del trigésimo aniversario, 2008)