Yoga

La escuela se nombra por su texto y desde su primera línea. «I.1 atha yogānuśāsanam atha, now; yoga, yoga; anuśāsanam, teachings Now, the teachings of yoga [are presented].» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 55». La segunda línea define el término, y la definición es una supresión: «I.2 yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ yogaḥ, yoga; citta, the mind; vṛtti, fluctuation, state; nirodhaḥ, restraint, control Yoga is the stilling of the changing states of the mind.» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 60». Edwin Bryant resume así lo que el capítulo hace: «The chapter begins by introducing the subject of the work and providing a definition of yoga—the cessation of citta-vṛtti, the fluctuating states of the mind [1–2].» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 54».

El nombre admite otra lectura corriente y el volumen la descarta para este texto. «Yoga can thus mean that which joins, that is, unites one with the Absolute Truth, and while this translation of the term is popularly found (and may be apt in other contexts, such as the Gītā, IX.3410), it is best avoided in the context of the Yoga Sūtras, since, as was pointed out over a hundred years ago by the famous Indologist Max Müller (1899, 309ff) (and long before that, by the sixteenth-century Indian doxographer Mādhava11) the goal of yoga is not to join, but the opposite: to unjoin, that is, to disconnect puruṣa from prakṛti.» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 56». La meta que declara no es un conocimiento: «The attainment of this state is the ultimate goal for the school of Yoga, not any type of knowledge however profound or mystical. Hence, from this perspective, Yoga is superior to knowledge-centered paths.» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 59».

Es rama del hinduismo por donde vienen sus definiciones y por dónde la coloca el mismo volumen. Bryant alinea las definiciones anteriores del término: «In the Kaṭha Upaniṣad, for example, “yoga is believed to be when the senses are firmly under control” (VI.11), while in the karma-yoga (path of action) section of the Bhagavad Gītā, yoga is defined as samatvam, evenness of mind (II.48) and as karmasu kauśalam, skill in action (II.50).» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 60», y dice que Patañjali las incorpora todas antes de dar la suya: «While his teachings will incorporate all the above definitions, Patañjali here gives his formal definition of yoga for the classical school of Yoga itself: “Yoga is the stilling of all thought.”» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 60». La escuela figura entre las seis del pensamiento ortodoxo: «The task is complicated somewhat since the commentators presuppose that their readers are aware of the system of Sāṇkhya, one of the other six schools of orthodox Indian thought with which the Yoga school is typically coupled.» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 60», y la meta se enuncia en los términos del mismo marco: «Thus yoga is ultimately about liberation from the external material world, or, in traditional Hindu terms, from saṁsāra, the cycle of» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 73».

Lo que la separa dentro de ese marco es de dónde toma su autoridad, y el volumen lo consigna como ausencia medida. «While Patañjali accepts āgama as a valid source of knowledge, he does not quote or even indirectly refer to a single verse from scripture in his treatise (in contrast with the Vedānta Sūtras, which are almost entirely composed of references from the Upaniṣads).» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 82». De ahí el rótulo que Bryant recoge: «This has been termed a “radical mystico-yogic orientation,”72 since, certainly, as with the Enlightenment, such claims would have challenged the mainstream Vedic authority of the day.» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 82». La razón de fondo la pone él mismo en la experiencia directa frente al razonamiento: «He too notes that Yoga is based not on the mere logical reasoning of the intellect but on direct experience, and in this regard differs from some of the other schools of orthodox thought, which are highly philosophical.» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 59».

Sobre si la escuela es teísta, el volumen toma partido y lo dice con firma: «Yoga has always been theistic: As Feuerstein and others have enjoined emphatically, “The popular academic notion that the conception of God was interpolated into classical Yoga is completely unfounded” (1974, 90).» «Bryant — The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali, con los comentaristas tradicionales (2009) · p. 119».

en la biblioteca: 1 obra adscrita · 0 autores vinculados