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John Dee's Conversations with Angels

John Dee's Conversations with Angels: Cabala, Alchemy, and the End of Nature

inglés1999

Source entries are currently shown in Spanish; English-first entries arrive with the next cataloguing pass.

Su tesis: las conversaciones con ángeles de Dee (1581–1586 y 1607) no son la aberración de un sabio senil sino la culminación de su filosofía natural — una exégesis del Libro de la Naturaleza, texto corrupto desde la Caída, emprendida en clave apocalíptica; los ángeles le entregan una «verdadera cábala de la naturaleza», distinta de la judía y de la cristiana, y una «medicina» angélica para sanar el texto enfermo «Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 20». Las dos herramientas — cábala de la naturaleza y medicina de Dios — superan la necesidad de interpretar textos antiguos y preparan la Jerusalén celestial «Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 151».

La alquimia atraviesa el proyecto: Dee aspira a una alquimia restaurada que permita tanto la transmutación de metales como la elevación del cuerpo humano a una quintaesencia incorruptible, fusionando al profeta del Antiguo Testamento con el mago del Nuevo — una figura liminal entre lo medieval y lo moderno «Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 21». Esa alquimia es la «de Adán», no practicada desde el Paraíso, revelada por los ángeles junto con los nombres verdaderos de las materias «Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · pp. 210, 218».

El expediente se funda en los diarios angelicales conservados (Sloane, Add., Ashmole) «Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 16», y cierra con su recepción: Casaubon los publicó en 1659 para disuadir conjuradores, Hooke los llamó «Dr. Dee's Delusion» y los leyó como criptografía política — contra lo cual el libro sostiene, con Keith Thomas, que «no basta describir a tales hombres como lunáticos» «Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · pp. 235, 237, 240».

644 claims · 1 source · 1 attribution

Attribution

recorded, never asserted
DECLARED
monografía firmada por Deborah E. Harkness, Cambridge University Press
per Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)
«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · portada»

The chain of the work

the processed witness, in emerald
EDITION · PROCESSED
Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)
inglés · 1999 · Cambridge University Press

Claims

644 entries — the work's own voice, with its passage

«Dee's angel diaries are now British Library Sloane MSS 3188, 3189, 3191; British Library Add. MS 36674 and Bodleian Library MS Ashmole 1790»las signaturas, en nota de la autora.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 16»

«Today, only a small number of them remain; the greater proportion were destroyed by Dee and by a zealous seventeenth-century kitchen maid who used the pages from the volumes to line her employer's pie plates»y su destrucción, entre las manos de Dee y las de una criada del siglo XVII.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 17»

«Dee first sets the scene in a descriptive note, marking his role in the conversations with his personal hieroglyph, the delta. The angel's responses are marked by a two-letter abbreviation of its name - here "An" for the angel Anael»la convención de marcas del diario.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 32»

«Barnabas Saul is the first scryer who can be positively identified from the surviving records. He took part in the first extant angel conversation, which occurred on 22 December 1581»el primer scryer identificable.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 32»

«Kelly was introduced to Dee by "Mr. Clerkson," who had been to the house a week before bearing a copy of a work by the medieval magus Albertus Magnus»la llegada de Kelly.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 35»

«The facts surrounding Kelly's life are obscure. Various biographies assert that he studied at Oxford under the name "Edward Talbot," trained as an apothecary, had his ears cropped at Lancaster for forgery, and was a secretary to the bibliophile Thomas Allen»y sus biografías contradictorias, todas en modo reportado.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 35»

«Dee wrote a brief, pointed entry in his personal diary - "Pactu[m] factu[m]" - suggesting that the agreement to share wives, bizarre as it was, was indeed physically consummated»el pacto de las esposas, de 1587: la frase latina es de DEE en su diario privado; la lectura de que se consumó es de Harkness.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 37»

«When the nine years and three months milestone was reached, Dee lamented that the period of waiting had been "co[n]futed as vayne."64 On 29 September 1600 Dee manifested his disappointment by burning the angel diaries that he had kept during those nine long years»la quema de los diarios, con la fecha exacta.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 39»

«Dee's final surviving angel conversation, dated 2 July 1607 25 3 The Sigillum Dei, inscribed in and used as a support for Dee's crystal showstone 36 4 A page from the Liber Logaeth showing numbers and letters inscribed in a table 42 5 A page from the angel diaries showing Dee's command of cabala and Hebrew 163 6 Diary entry in which Dee sketched the angel Carmara, an example of Dee's practices of marginal notation and underlining 170 7 Illustration of "Fermentatio" from Mylius's Philosophia reformata 211»y la última conversación conservada, en pie de lámina.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 9»

«He used at least three showstones in the angel conversations: a "great Chrystaline Globe," a "stone in the frame," and a stone Dee believed had been brought by the angels and left in his oratory window at Mortlake. The last was the most powerful, and only Dee was allowed to touch it»las tres piedras.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 44»

«A fourth "stone" associated with Dee's angel conversations is the black obsidian mirror currently owned by the British Museum. Based on the evidence from the angel diaries, this mirror was not used in the angel conversations»y la negación sobre el espejo de obsidiana del British Museum.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 45»

«The legend associating the black mirror with the angel conversations was based on the 1748 catalogue of Horace Walpole's collection of curiosities»de dónde nace la leyenda.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 45»

«a speculum of kennel-coal, in a leathern [sic] case. It is curious for having been used to deceive the mob by Dr. Dee, the conjurer, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth»y el catálogo de Horace Walpole de 1748 que la funda.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 45»

«might have been linked by contemporaries to his expertise in alchemy because of analogies drawn between the showstone and the closed vessel of an alchemical experiment»el showstone leído como vaso cerrado: es conjetura de Harkness sobre lo que pudieron pensar los contemporáneos.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 47»

«I did coniecture the biasing star in Cassiopeia appering a° 1572 to signify the fynding of some great Thresor or the Philosophers stone. . . . This I told to Mr. Ed. Dier. at the same tyme. How truly it fell out in a° 1582 Martij 10 it may appere in tyme to come ad stuporem Mundi»y la anotación marginal de DEE en su Manilio; «biasing» es lo que imprime la capa de texto, y la lectura restituida —blasing— no está cotejada contra el facsímil.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 47»

«It hath a Divine Power, Celestiall, and Invisible, above the rest; and endowes the possessor with Divine Gifts. It affords the Apparition of Angells, and gives a power of conversing with them by Dreames and Revelations: nor do any Evil Spirits approach the Place where it lodgeth»el «angelic stone» según Elias Ashmole, en su Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum de 1652.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 47»

«the elusive philosopher's stone, when subjected to even higher and more mystical processes, yielded "vegetable," "magical," and "angelic" stones, each characterized by its own specific properties and powers»y la escala de piedras en que se inserta.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 47»

«The large wax seal was known as the "Sigillum Dei," whose proper name, the angels told Dee, was "Emeth" (Figure 3).108 Emeth, the Hebrew word for "truth," was one of the seventy-two names of God in the cabalistic tradition»el Sigillum Dei y el nombre Emeth.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 50»

«Dee made a marginal note to remind him to investigate both Reuchlin and Agrippa for this name, and specifically mentioned Agrippa's De occulta philosophia III, chap. 11»de dónde viene: Dee anotó ir a BUSCARLO en Reuchlin y en Agrippa, que no es lo mismo que haberlo tomado de ahí.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 50»

«the ring was to be made of precious metals and inscribed with the name "PELE."114 Dee made a note to check for the name "PELE" in his most authoritative Christian cabalistic text, Johannes Reuchlin's De verbo mirifico»el anillo PELE y la consulta a Reuchlin.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 52»

«there, but could be found instead in Agrippa's De occulta philosophia»y el resultado de esa consulta, en la plana siguiente: PELE no estaba en Reuchlin.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 53»

«The first revealed book conveyed to Dee and Kelly was the Liber Logaeth, or "the Book of the Speech of God."129 It conveyed the angelic language and emphasized the role that language would play in perfecting the world and returning it to its original state»el Liber Logaeth.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 56»

«The Liber Logaeth consisted of forty-nine "calls" or prayers and ninety-five tables containing small square spaces filled with letters»y su composición.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 56»

«The second book the angels revealed, De heptarchia mystica, was a reference summary of information conveyed to Dee before he departed for the Continent in 1583.132 It contained prayers to specific angels that were to be repeated at different times of the day and on different days of the week, as well as the seals for forty-nine elemental angels with powers over aspects of the natural world»la De heptarchia mystica.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 56»

«Claves angelicae contained verses in both English and the angels' language, and Dee translated the keys with the angels' assistance. His finished copy of the work contained the keys in both languages»las Claves angelicae.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 58»

«Information of a different kind concerning the angelic governors of various geographical areas and their true names could be found in the Liber scientiae auxilii»y el Liber scientiae.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 58»

«ys my boke, of Soyga, of any excellency?"140 The angel Uriel replied that it was a book that "God's good angels revealed to Adam in Paradise."141 Dee was absorbed in interpreting his "Book of Soyga" and asked the angels for help, but Uriel demurred, reporting that he could not help Dee understand the text any further because the angel Michael was its»el Libro de Soyga: pregunta DEE, responde el ángel URIEL, y es Miguel quien queda por intérprete.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 59»

«One provocative similarity between the Book of Soyga and Dee's angel conversations, for example, are the tables of repeating letters that resemble, in some cases exactly, the tables of letters revealed by the angels in their mystical books»y la semejanza de sus tablas, que adjudica Harkness.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 60»

«From his reading Dee came to believe that there were two cabalas: the "vulgar cabala," based on Hebrew and centuries of Jewish tradition; and the "real cabala," which was based on divine messages embedded in the Book of Nature»las dos cábalas.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 102»

«His separation of the "real cabala," or, as he described it, the cabala "of that which is," from the "vulgar cabala," or the cabala "of that which is said," is essential to an understanding of the Monas hieroglyphica»y su función en la Monas.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 102»

«lies in Pantheus's contention that a "cabala of metals" could be traced back to the Chaldeans and his assertion that the cabala of metals provided a means to restore alchemy»la «cábala de los metales» es tesis DE PANTHEUS, no rótulo de Dee.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 104»

«Dee described archemastrie as a universal science that was experimental, revelatory, earthly, and divine.123 Also, he stated his belief that the "chief Science, of the Archemaster, (in this world) as yet known, is an other (as it were) OPTICAL Science" - quite possibly the use of a stone to see angels»la archemastrie; el «quite possibly» del final es conjetura declarada de Harkness.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 111»

«Dee considered his "Archemastrie" to be the unification of all branches of natural philosophy into a single discipline that explored the propagation of rays, employed mathematical aspects of optics, depended upon astrology to capture astral radiation, and utilized a highly refined stone resulting from an alchemical experiment»y su definición completa.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 111»

«Dee used prayer to facilitate the angel conversations rather than spells and conjuring»oración en lugar de invocación.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 139»

«Prayer is the Key, sanctified by the Holy Ghost, which openeth the way unto God»dicho por un ángel sin nombrar.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 142»

«The key of Prayer openeth all things»y la formulación de MICHAEL, que es otra.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 142»

«The angels revealed that Adam knew two languages, and that both had been lost. The first was a "greater" language that Adam used to communicate his deteriorating "knowledge of God [and] his Creatures" to his descendants; the second was a "lesser" language that Adam used in everyday speech and communication»las dos lenguas de Adán.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 175»

«The basis of the divine language was an alphabet of twenty-one regular characters and one aspirated character.37 Here Dee would have seen a similarity between the divine language of God and contemporary Hebrew, since the Hebrew alphabet contained the same number of characters»el alfabeto divino y su semejanza con el hebreo.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 181»

«like Hebrew - to be read from right to left.39 Later, when words and phrases were drawn together into revealed books, they were arranged like a Hebrew text, with the first page of the book at the back of the volume and the final page at the front.40 The divine language's alphabet related only superficially to Hebrew»y su diferencia: la fuente separa las dos cosas en dos frases, y la cláusula causal pertenece a la de la SEMEJANZA.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 181»

«Dee's cabala of nature was based on the interplay between the elemental and spiritual numbers of the numerological tradition: four (signifying fire, air, earth, and water) and three (signifying the holy trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit), respectively»el cuatro y el tres.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 197»

«Seven comprehendeth the Secrets of Heven and e[a]rth: seven knitteth mans sowle and body togither (3, in sowle, and 4 in body) In 7, thow shalt finde the Unitie: In 7, thow shalt finde the Trinitie»y el siete, en voz de los ángeles.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 197»

«Each Governor's seven-letter name began with a "B" - the first letter of the divine language, the first letter of the Hebrew Genesis, and the letter that began God's creative process in the cabalistic text Zohar»los Gobernadores y su inicial.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 199»

«The apocalyptic system of the cabala of nature was based on the fortynine Gates of Nature and their "claves" or keys, the thirty Airs governed by the angels of the twelve tribes of Israel»y los treinta Aires; «fortynine» viene del guion de corte comido por el troceo.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 202»

«Gabriel responded cabalistically: each letter's numerical designation, when combined into a word, signified the "member" or formula of that substance to which the entire word referred.132 Every word, taken as a whole, represented the substance's»la gematría: pregunta KELLY, responde GABRIEL.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 204»

«He delineated the egg further into a central "yolk" made up of Sol, Mars, and Venus (the metals gold, iron, and copper) and a "white" made up of Jupiter, Saturn, Luna, and Mercury (the metals tin, lead, silver, and quicksilver»el huevo de la Monas: yema de oro, hierro y cobre; clara de estaño, plomo, plata y azogue.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 215»

«Dee discovered, for example, that "Dlafod" was the real name for sulfur, and "Audcal" the true name for mercury»los nombres verdaderos de las materias.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 218»

«Gabriel discussed the medicina dei with Dee, where it was described as "the true, and perfect science of the natural combination, and proportion of known parts»y la medicina de Dios, en voz de Gabriel.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 218»

«In order to heal any sickness within nature, Dee had to know both "celestial radiation," which was the cause of natural combination, and "elemental vigor," which was the cause of natural proportion»con sus dos causas.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 218»

«When Dee referred to alchemy as "inferior astronomy," he was not simply employing a common trope but expressing his belief in the mathematical connections that might exist between celestial light and elemental matter»la alquimia como astronomía inferior.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 219»

«Robert Grosseteste's metaphysics of light was influential in the formation of Dee's interest in optics, and he might have influenced Dee's beliefs in alchemy and light as well. Like Dee, Grosseteste believed that light governed the interaction of elements and elemental change and that both processes were regulated and directed with the mediation of the celestial bodies»y Grosseteste, cuya influencia sobre la alquimia Harkness da con «might have».

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 219»

«The angels also revealed their understanding of election, free will, and predestination, blending Catholic and Protestant positions into an artful compromise.75 They confirmed repeatedly that Dee was one of the "elect," yet his election could be affected by his conduct. As the angels told Dee, "the elect and chosen may erre and go astray»la doctrina angelical de la elección, mezclada.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 167»

«the angels told Dee that the Eucharist was sacramental only if the individual believed it was sacramental. Thus, Dee was free to participate in the Catholic mass because "by faith" he believed it was "the true body»y la eucaristía condicionada a la fe.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 168»

«The religious sect known as the Familists were one of the most outspoken groups to promote universal religion, and Dee might have come into contact with Familist ideas during his residence in Antwerp. Many of his friends there, including Ortelius, Mercator, the publisher Plantin, and Gemma Frisius, were associated with Familism, whose main tenets were religious toleration, outward conformity to state religions, and a deep spiritual adherence to the teachings of the religion's founder, Hans Niclaes»el familismo y el círculo de Amberes.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 144»

«Another man, John Woodall, has been linked to Pontois's death. Elias Ashmole recorded that it was through Woodall that the diaries came into the hands of the London confectioner Mr. Jones»la cadena de custodia, primer eslabón.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 234»

«Elias Ashmole came to possess them from the widow of confectioner Jones, who had purchased a wooden chest from a "parcell of the Goods of Mr John Woodall Chirurgeon»el segundo.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 235»

«Finally, the diaries passed from Ashmole's hands into the collections of the British Library through Sir Hans Sloane, although the exact delineation of this transfer is not clear»y el último, con la abstención de Harkness sobre cómo ocurrió.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 235»

«Once selections from the angel diaries were published by Meric Casaubon in 1659, Dee's activities became public knowledge»la publicación de Casaubon.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 235»

«was the chemist Robert Boyle (1626-1691). Boyle, by his own admission, was "tempted»Boyle tentado.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 236»

«Boyle overcame his intense desire to scry and considered this denial of a potentially sinful activity his greatest moral achievement»y su desenlace: Boyle vence el deseo y lo cuenta como su mayor logro moral.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 236»

«In central Europe, Gerhard Dorn, Johannes Montanus and Alexander von Suchten publicized Paracelsus's belief that "Elias artista" would restore the arts and sciences before the final days»el Elias artista entre los paracelsianos.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 236»

«ries of Dee's alchemical and angelic activities provided the model for Ben Jonson's play The Alchemist (1610).38 This seems likely, given the plot, yet Casaubon had not printed the diaries at that early date. Jonson would have had to draw on popular lore for his information, and there are no precise references to Dee's angel conversations in The Alchemist»la sugerencia de Yates sobre The Alchemist, y la reserva con que Harkness la acoge en la misma frase.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 239»

«A frequently employed trope in his angel conversations was the idea that he and Kelly were students in a "celestial school" with angelic»la escuela celestial: Dee y Kelly como alumnos de maestros angélicos.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 129»

«Dee combined prayer and the magnification of divine influences through a crystal stone to facilitate his conversations with angels. His use of a crystal stone is the clearest example of the ways in which natural philosophical principles informed his practices. The showstone was the focal point of the conversations; it ordered the physical space and drew on the optics so central to Dee's natural philosophy»el showstone como foco, y lo que Harkness lee en él: filosofía natural, no otra cosa.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 132»

«In the Monas hieroglyphica (1564) Dee made further attempts to unify the many branches of natural philosophy - optics, alchemy, astrology, cabala, mathematics, geometry, and astronomy. This time, however, he attempted to encompass their subtleties into a single glyph»la Monas como intento de unificar las ramas de la filosofía natural.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 93»

«Claiming that his symbol "reduced or restored" the "quasi-barbaric signs" used by sixteenth-century natural philosophers "to their mystical proportions»y lo que Dee reclama de su símbolo.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 157»

«Modern scholars have complicated the situation by using the term "Enochian" to denote the language of the angel conversations, thereby referring to Dee's interest in the biblical figure Enoch as well as to a particular revealed book which Dee received during the angel conversations. Dee uses Enochian to describe a tablet or book reputedly given to Enoch, but seldom»el rótulo «enoquiano» es de los estudiosos modernos: Dee lo usaba para una tablilla o libro, no para la lengua.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 173»

«I am not good in the hebrue tung»Dee declarándoselo a los ángeles.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 101»

«Despite his unparalleled collection, Dee was never as competent in Hebrew as he was in Greek or Latin»y el juicio de Harkness sobre esa competencia.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 101»

«the angel Raphael gave him a new exegetical tool: the true cabala of nature, described as "simple, full of strength, and the power of the holy Ghost»la cábala de la naturaleza, revelada por Rafael.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 173»

«the Earth is a Monster with many faces: and the receptable of all variety. Go home, stand not idle. Provide by Arts for the hardnesse of Nature»el ángel Levanael, con la orden final que la ficha cortaba.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 228»

«Kelly's death, like his life, is obscured by legends. It is possible that he was imprisoned again in 1595; he was not killed in an attempt to escape by jumping out of a tower window, though this story is often repeated. Although Dee received "newes that Sir Edward Kelley was slayne" on 25 November 1595, recent evidence suggests that reports of Kelly's death were greatly exaggerated.56 According to R. J. W. Evans, he "was definitely alive in 1597 at the castle of Most," and there were reports of his activities as late as 1598.57 A firm date for his death has yet to be established»la muerte incierta de Edward Kelly, y la abstención de Harkness sobre su fecha.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 38»

«Kelly's difficult personality ultimately proved his undoing: he was imprisoned in May 1591 in a castle near Prague for his reluctance to disclose alchemical secrets to Rudolf II»y su prisión de 1591.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 37»

«the great rewards Dee was promised once he mastered the practice of "Adam's alchemy" place the angel conversations even more firmly within the context of early modern natural philosophy»por qué la alquimia de Adán sitúa las conversaciones dentro de la filosofía natural de su tiempo.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 211»

«when the angels delivered to him a form of alchemy that had not been practiced since the days of Adam»y qué es esa alquimia de Adán.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 210»

«He sponsored a number of alchemists, including Heinrich Khunrath of Leipzig (1560-1605), whom Dee met on 6 June 1589 in Bremen»el encuentro de Dee con Khunrath, con fecha y ciudad.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 69»

«visits to the University of Oxford to hear disputations in which another European natural philos-»y el paso de Laski por Oxford a oír disputar a Bruno, en 1583.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 68»

«Guillaume Postel (1510? - 1581), one of Dee's associates in Paris, believed so strongly in the efficacy and power of the divine language that he made it the cornerstone of his universal science»Guillaume Postel y la lengua divina como piedra angular de una ciencia universal.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 97»

«Postel's efforts informed Dee's attempts to build a universal science on a linguistic foundation»y lo que Harkness le adjudica sobre Dee.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 97»

«Dee's use of the cosmic lyre brings to mind Marsilio Ficino's musical magic and medicine, as well as Ficino's belief in intermediary powers»la lira cósmica y el eco ficiniano.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 88»

«with this Crosse shall he [Laski] overcome the Sarazens, and Paynims»la profecía del ángel Jublandace sobre Laski; «Paynims» es gentiles, y la misma profecía lista aparte a los judíos.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 166»

«uses the word outside of this direct context»y el límite del uso: fuera de ese contexto Dee apenas emplea el término.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 174»

«The answers to these questions can be found, but not exclusively within the pages of Dee's manuscript angel diaries.»Harkness advierte que su expediente no se agota en los diarios angelicales manuscritos: los diarios entregan solo piezas del rompecabezas, restos fragmentarios de una empresa intelectual mucho mayor

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 17»

«But even were the diaries complete, we would still not find all of the answers we seek.»Harkness marca el límite de la fuente aun en el mejor de los casos: aunque los diarios estuvieran completos, seguirían llenos de silencios y elipsis, sin la voz ni el gesto de lo que ocurrió ante la piedra

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 17»

«Frances Yates believed that the intellectual richness of the Renaissance was contained within Dee's library, and its contents have recently been studied and every attempt made to account for the volumes he owned and to make them accessible.»Harkness adjudica a Frances Yates la tesis de que la riqueza intelectual del Renacimiento cabía en la biblioteca de Dee, y apunta al trabajo reciente de dar cuenta de esos volúmenes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 18»

«Roberts and Watson argue persuasively that the 1583 list contains annotations indicating which books were selected for Dee's traveling library.»Harkness adjudica a Roberts y Watson el argumento de que las anotaciones de la lista de 1583 señalan qué libros se apartaron para la biblioteca de viaje de Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 18»

«Dee's excitement about the angel conversations becomes understandable only when seen through the lens of Reformation culture. Although England had embarked on its own religious path when Dee was a child, common beliefs fueled most sixteenth-century reform movements, both Protestant and Catholic, as Chapter 4 outlines.»Harkness sostiene que el entusiasmo de Dee por las conversaciones angelicales solo se vuelve inteligible con la lente de la cultura de la Reforma, porque creencias comunes alimentaban los movimientos reformadores tanto protestantes como católicos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 20»

«Few of the individuals who experienced the conversations expressed doubts about them, though some questioned Dee's ability to serve as an apocalyptic prophet.»Harkness señala que casi ninguno de quienes presenciaron las conversaciones expresó dudas sobre ellas, aunque algunos sí pusieron en duda que Dee pudiera servir de profeta apocalíptico

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 19»

«In particular, the angel conversations confirmed Dee's belief that the natural world was analogous to a text. But the Book of Nature was not a reliable text; it was an imperfect, corrupt, and decaying text that could not be read properly.»Harkness sostiene que las conversaciones confirmaron a Dee la analogía del mundo natural con un texto, pero con un texto no fiable: imperfecto, corrupto y en decadencia, que ya no podía leerse como es debido

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 19»

«this chapter argues that for some time Dee had been looking for a way to close the gap between the perfect, immutable heavenly spheres and the corrupted Book of Nature.»Harkness declara la tesis del capítulo: que Dee llevaba tiempo buscando cómo cerrar la brecha entre las esferas celestes perfectas e inmutables y el Libro de la Naturaleza corrompido

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 19»

«Chapter 5 describes this angelic cabala and explains how it is similar, and dissimilar, to the Jewish and Christian cabala of the early modern period.»Harkness anuncia que la cábala angélica se expondrá comparada con la cábala judía y la cristiana de la temprana modernidad, en lo que se les parece y en lo que no

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 20»

«Dee still had to grapple with the problem of interpreting the decaying Book of Nature, however. The angels revealed an interpretive tool that would further his efforts: the "true cabala of nature."»Harkness sostiene que a Dee le quedaba el problema de interpretar el Libro de la Naturaleza en decadencia, y que los ángeles le revelaron la herramienta interpretativa para ello, la verdadera cábala de la naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 20»

«In Chapter 6 the angels' medicine is put in the context of Dee's alchemical studies and the alchemical beliefs of his contemporaries.»Harkness anuncia que la medicina de los ángeles se sitúa en el contexto de los estudios alquímicos de Dee y de las creencias alquímicas de sus contemporáneos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 20»

«A learned and renowned Englishman whose name was Dr. De[e]: came to Prague to see the Emperor Rudolf II and was at first wellreceived by him; he predicted that a miraculous reformation would presently come about in the Christian world and would prove the ruin not only of the city of Constantinople but of Rome also.»testimonio de Václav Budovec, contemporáneo, que Harkness cita: un inglés docto llegó a Praga, fue bien recibido por Rodolfo II y predijo una reformación milagrosa que arruinaría a Constantinopla y también a Roma

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 24»

«An ambassador, a popular prophet, and a religious rebel - all are suggested in Budovec's brief remarks, but the natural philosophical persona we have come to associate with Dee is absent.»Harkness señala que en el retrato de Budovec caben el embajador, el profeta popular y el rebelde religioso, y que falta justamente la persona de filósofo natural con que hoy se asocia a Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 24»

«The link between Dee's personae, as outlined by Budovec, is communication, a side of Dee's life and activities explored only recently but which is emerging as an important feature of his enigmatic intellect.»Harkness propone que lo que enlaza esas personas de Dee es la comunicación, un costado de su vida explorado hace poco y que emerge como rasgo central de su intelecto

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 24»

«But although the crisis facing Dee varied in its manifestations, the root of all the problems could be found in a single place: his conversations with angels.»Harkness adjudica a una sola causa la crisis múltiple que rodea a Dee en Praga: sus conversaciones con ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 25»

«Though some scholars refer to the conversations as "spirit actions," and others focus on the "angel diaries" that record them, Dee himself described his experiences as the "colloquium of angels."»Harkness distingue el término de la obra del de los estudiosos: unos hablan de spirit actions y otros de angel diaries, pero Dee llamó a su experiencia el colloquium of angels

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 26»

«The solitary magus that so many conjure up when thinking of Dee is particularly difficult to find in the angel diaries, with their records of conversations with angels, court officials, alchemical assistants, papal nuncios, Jesuits, and household members.»Harkness niega la figura del mago solitario: los diarios registran conversaciones con ángeles, oficiales de corte, asistentes alquímicos, nuncios papales, jesuitas y miembros de la casa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 26»

«In Rome, the center of European Catholicism, word of Dee's prophecies about a "miraculous reformation" reached the ears of the pope, who became so concerned that officials launched an inquiry into Dee and his activities.»Harkness data en Roma el alcance del asunto: la noticia de las profecías de Dee sobre una reformación milagrosa llegó al papa, que se inquietó al punto de que se abriera una indagatoria

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 25»

«Dee's faith in his angelic guides and their messages was unshakeable, and he believed that whenever his conversations were "recited in public, every later age will rejoice with unbelievable exultation, because the strength of divine truth, wisdom, and power is invincible.»Harkness atribuye a Dee una fe inquebrantable en sus guías angélicos y en el valor público futuro de sus conversaciones, que él daba por invencibles en verdad, sabiduría y poder divinos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 27»

«Peter Ramus, the famous French humanist and methodologist, considered Dee one of two learned men in England.»Harkness registra la reputación de Dee fuera de Inglaterra: Petrus Ramus lo contaba entre los dos hombres doctos del país

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 28»

«The Italian mathematician Federico Commandino described Dee to his patron, Francesco Maria II of Urbino, as "a man of excellent wit, and singular learning.»Harkness cita la descripción que el matemático Federico Commandino hizo de Dee ante su patrón, Francesco Maria II de Urbino

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 28»

«Even late in his life Dee was not entirely forgotten by his colleagues abroad but was in communication with natural philosophers like Tycho Brahe, who sent him a copy of De mundi aetherei recentioribus phaenomenis (1588).»Harkness data hasta tarde en su vida la correspondencia de Dee con filósofos naturales del continente, entre ellos Tycho Brahe, que le mandó su libro de 1588 sobre los fenómenos etéreos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 28»

«Dee's curriculum, for the most part, was based on the traditional subjects (Aristotle, ancient languages, rhetoric, and some mathematics), although lectures on the Scriptures in both Hebrew and Greek, music, higher mathematics, and philosophy were also available.»Harkness describe el currículo de Dee como el tradicional de la época, con Aristóteles, lenguas antiguas y retórica, aunque también había disponibles lecciones de Escritura en hebreo y griego, música, matemática superior y filosofía

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 29»

«During the summer vacation of 1547, before taking up his position at Trinity, Dee first traveled to Europe. According to him, the purpose of the visit was "to speak and confer with some learned men . . . chiefly Mathematicians.»Harkness data en el verano de 1547 el primer viaje de Dee al continente y cita el propósito que él mismo declaró: hablar y conferir con hombres doctos, sobre todo matemáticos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 29»

«Trips to the Continent and associations with foreign natural philosophers and scholars became a common feature of Dee's intellectual life, and it is clear that he influenced, and was influenced by, an extraordinarily rich and varied group of scholars, navigators, politicians, and patrons.»Harkness sostiene que los viajes al continente y el trato con eruditos extranjeros fueron rasgo constante de la vida intelectual de Dee, con influencia recíproca

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 30»

«Far from being a solitary figure, Dee rarely worked in isolation; a number of his intellectual projects were undertaken in partnership with other scholars.»Harkness niega la figura solitaria: Dee rara vez trabajó aislado y varios de sus proyectos intelectuales se emprendieron en sociedad con otros eruditos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 30»

«With Federico Commandino, for example, he prepared an edition of De superficierum divisionibus, a work by Euclid wrongly attributed to Machomet Bagdedine.»Harkness consigna la coautoría con Federico Commandino de una edición de una obra de Euclides atribuida por error a Machomet Bagdedine, y la atribución errónea es parte del dato

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 30»

«Dee's Monas hieroglyphica was prepared in the house of a Dutch printer, Willem Silvius, with whom Dee lived from 1562 to 1564.»Harkness data entre 1562 y 1564 la estancia de Dee en casa del impresor holandés Willem Silvius, donde se preparó la Monas hieroglyphica

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 30»

«These intellectual connections support William Sherman's contention that Dee was not a solitary magus engaged primarily in contemplation but an active member of European intellectual circles.»Harkness adjudica a William Sherman la tesis de que Dee no fue un mago solitario dedicado a la contemplación sino miembro activo de los círculos intelectuales europeos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 30»

«Dee conversed with angels about a variety of topics ranging from natural philosophy and politics to the end of the world and the best treatment for his wife's illnesses.»Harkness enumera el temario de las conversaciones: filosofía natural, política, el fin del mundo y hasta el mejor tratamiento para las enfermedades de su esposa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 31»

«Each of Dee's angel conversations involved an assistant, technically referred to as a "server."»Harkness precisa el término técnico con que Dee designaba al asistente de cada conversación, server

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 31»

«Dee obtained the services of at least four scryers: Barnabas Saul, Edward Kelly, his own son Arthur Dee, and Bartholomew Hickman.»Harkness cuenta al menos cuatro scryers al servicio de Dee: Barnabas Saul, Edward Kelly, su propio hijo Arthur Dee y Bartholomew Hickman

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 31»

«Spirits of the dead did not speak through them, and the angel conversations cannot properly be called seances.»Harkness niega que las conversaciones angelicales sean sesiones espiritistas: por ellas no hablaban los espíritus de los muertos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 32»

«At the same time, this form of divination is not consistent with later spiritualistic practices, and Dee's scryers were not mediumistic in the Victorian sense.»Harkness niega también la continuidad con el espiritismo posterior: los scryers de Dee no eran médiums en el sentido victoriano

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 32»

«Saul, like many of Dee's scryers, had trouble with the authorities and was taken to Westminster to face criminal charges on 12 February 1582.»Harkness data el 12 de febrero de 1582 la comparecencia de Saul en Westminster ante cargos criminales, y apunta que el problema con las autoridades era común entre los scryers de Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 34»

«At that time Dee wrote that Barnabas Saul "confessed that he neyther h[e]ard or saw any spirituall creature any more.»Harkness cita el diario de Dee, donde éste anota que Barnabas Saul confesó no oír ni ver ya criatura espiritual alguna

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 34»

«Contrary to earlier beliefs that "Edward Talbot" and "Edward Kelly" were different people, modern historians have adopted the position that one of the two names was an alias.»Harkness consigna el vuelco de la adjudicación: contra la creencia anterior de que Edward Talbot y Edward Kelly eran dos personas, los historiadores modernos toman uno de los dos nombres por alias

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 35»

«The relationship between Dee and Kelly is even more difficult to fathom when we consider the agreement they made in 1587, at angelic behest, to share all things between them.»Harkness señala como lo más difícil de entender el pacto de 1587 entre Dee y Kelly, hecho por mandato angélico, de compartirlo todo entre ellos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 36»

«This agreement specifically included the sharing of wives, which placed an unbearable strain on the already difficult relationship between the two men.»Harkness precisa que aquel pacto incluía expresamente compartir a las esposas, y que eso puso una tensión insoportable en una relación ya difícil

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 36»

«Kelly acted as Dee's scryer at regular intervals until 4 May 1582, when an abrupt gap appears in the angel diaries and only a terse comment in Dee's personal diary helps to explain the disruption: "Mr. Talbot went."»Harkness data el 4 de mayo de 1582 el corte abrupto de los diarios angelicales, que solo explica una anotación escueta del diario personal de Dee sobre la partida de Talbot

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 36»

«Despite an initial success when Arthur perceived two crowned men in the stone, Dee was frustrated by the lack of information his son was able to receive from the angels through the showstone.»Harkness señala el fracaso de Arthur Dee como scryer: pese al éxito inicial de percibir dos hombres coronados en la piedra, Dee quedó frustrado por lo poco que su hijo lograba recibir de los ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 38»

«So few of the conversations involving Hickman survive, however, that it is impossible to get a full sense of the angels' revelations to Dee during the final years of his life.»Harkness declara el límite de su expediente para los últimos años: sobreviven tan pocas conversaciones con Hickman que no puede hacerse una idea cabal de lo que los ángeles revelaron entonces a Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 38»

«Dee's relationship with Hickman was governed by Dee's belief that the summer of 1591 marked the beginning of a period of waiting and conversing with angels that was to last nine years and several months, and would culminate in a marvelous revelation or reward.»Harkness explica la relación con Hickman por la creencia de Dee de que el verano de 1591 abría un plazo de espera y conversación de nueve años y varios meses que culminaría en una revelación o recompensa maravillosa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 39»

«Although we may decide that Dee's relationships with all of his scryers - and especially Kelly - were based on chicanery and fraud, he nonetheless needed their assistance if his angel conversations were to succeed.»Harkness sostiene el punto sin resolver la sospecha: aunque se concluya que el trato de Dee con todos sus scryers, y sobre todo con Kelly, se basaba en engaño y fraude, Dee necesitaba su asistencia para que las conversaciones ocurrieran

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 39»

«Because scryers were an accepted, if sometimes frowned upon, part of the Elizabethan cultural landscape, there was no reason for Dee not to accept their services once he had decided to communicate with angels.»Harkness sitúa al scryer como pieza aceptada, si bien mal vista, del paisaje cultural isabelino, de modo que a Dee no le faltaba razón para servirse de ellos una vez decidido a comunicarse con ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 39»

«That the angelic revelations changed little from one scryer to another confirms that it was Dee - the central participant - who lent coherence to the enterprise.»Harkness adjudica a Dee la coherencia del conjunto: que las revelaciones angélicas cambiaran poco de un scryer a otro es señal, según ella, de que era él, el participante central, quien la aportaba

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 39»

«Dee sabotaged this neat system because he often forgot to close both study doors, as on 20 March 1582, when the angels had to remind him that he "had left the uttermore dore" open.»Harkness cuenta que Dee saboteaba su propio sistema de puertas dobles y cita, en la transcripción de él mismo, la locución angélica del 20 de marzo de 1582 que hubo de recordarle que había dejado abierta la puerta exterior

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 41»

«Dee asked the angel Michael on 4 May 1582 if he and Kelly might use the "furdermost little chamber . . . yf the bed be taken downe" instead of the private study.»Harkness data el 4 de mayo de 1582 la petición de Dee al ángel Miguel de usar, en lugar del estudio privado, la cámara más apartada de la casa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 42»

«This arrangement would have helped to diminish interruptions as well as safeguard Dee's reputation from charges of conjuring, since the chamber in question was the last room in a series of linked rooms and thus more completely removed from the household.»Harkness adjudica a ese arreglo una doble función: reducir interrupciones y resguardar la reputación de Dee de acusaciones de conjuro, por ser la cámara la última de una serie de cuartos enlazados

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 42»

«Isolation was especially important in the angel conversations because of the traditional belief that solitude was necessary for communication with God - or, at the very least, that solitude increased the likelihood that such communication would take place.»Harkness deriva la importancia del aislamiento de una creencia tradicional: que la soledad era necesaria para comunicarse con Dios o, cuando menos, hacía más probable esa comunicación

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 42»

«Incidents like those described - from the interruption of servants to the possible misinterpretation of events by those not as erudite as himself - demonstrate some of the difficulties associated with Dee's attempts to reach a compromise between the contemplative life that his angel conversations demanded and the active, political life of a court-sponsored natural philosopher upon which his financial well-being depended.»Harkness lee esos incidentes como muestra de la dificultad de Dee para conciliar la vida contemplativa que sus conversaciones exigían con la vida activa y política del filósofo natural de corte, de la que dependía su sustento

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 42»

«When Dee first arrived in Prague in August 1584 he was able to lease such a house from another natural philosopher, Tadeas Hajek.»Harkness data en agosto de 1584 la llegada de Dee a Praga y su arriendo de casa a otro filósofo natural, Tadeas Hajek

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 43»

«Dee believed it to have been "in times past. . . the Study of some Student. . . skilfull of the holy stone."»Harkness cita a Dee, que creía que aquella casa había sido antaño el estudio de un estudiante versado en la piedra santa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 43»

«Despite the mutability of the angel conversations' larger environment, their integrity depended upon a more easily defined, portable set of properties: the showstone, the Holy Table, and the Holy Books.»Harkness sostiene que, frente a la mutabilidad del entorno, la integridad de las conversaciones descansaba en un conjunto portátil de objetos: la piedra de visión, la Mesa Santa y los Libros Santos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 44»

«For Dee, the focus of his angel conversations was not his library, alchemical laboratory, study, or oratory, but his showstone.»Harkness precisa dónde estaba el foco para Dee: no en su biblioteca, su laboratorio alquímico, su estudio ni su oratorio, sino en la piedra de visión

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 44»

«Whitby is more cautious and posits that the mirror might have been owned by Dee, and perhaps even used in the conversations, but that there is no evidence to support this contention.»Harkness contrasta las lecturas del espejo de obsidiana y adjudica a Whitby la más cauta, que admite que Dee pudiera haberlo poseído y aun usado, pero sin evidencia que lo sostenga

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 45»

«Dee's use of the showstone represented the most traditionally occult aspect of his angel conversations.»Harkness adjudica al uso de la piedra el rasgo más tradicionalmente oculto de todo el proyecto de Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 45»

«What is more, there is no direct evidence that the mirror belonged to Dee.»Harkness consigna la negativa: no hay evidencia directa de que el espejo perteneciera a Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 45»

«The Jewish mystical text Zohar supported this belief, recounting the story that the original tablets of the law were constructed from a divine sapphire that served as the foundation of the cosmos after being cast down from heaven by God.»Harkness reporta la historia del Zohar, texto místico judío, según la cual las tablas originales de la ley se hicieron de un zafiro divino arrojado del cielo por Dios y que sirvió de fundamento del cosmos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 46»

«Dee noted that "the whole world in manner did seme to appeare, heven, and erth. etc." within the stone.»Harkness cita el diario de Dee, donde éste anota que dentro de la piedra parecía aparecer en cierto modo el mundo entero, cielo y tierra

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 46»

«The angels assured Dee that, within the showstone, "No unclean thing shall prevayle."»Harkness cita la locución angélica, llegada por el scryer y transcrita por Dee, que le aseguraba que dentro de la piedra ninguna cosa impura prevalecería

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 46»

«Dee's ability to communicate with angels through his sacred showstone might have been linked by contemporaries to his expertise in alchemy because of analogies drawn between the showstone and the closed vessel of an alchemical experiment.»Harkness propone que los contemporáneos pudieron ligar la comunicación por la piedra con la pericia alquímica de Dee, por analogía entre la piedra de visión y el vaso cerrado del experimento

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 47»

«Dee believed that the showstone was linked to his alchemical success and noted in his copy of Marcus Manilius's Astronomica (1533) the associations between the extraordinary new star of 1572, his alchemy, and the angel conversations:»Harkness aduce la anotación marginal de Dee en su ejemplar de la Astronomica de Manilio, donde asocia la estrella nueva de 1572, su alquimia y las conversaciones angelicales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 47»

«After Dee's death Elias Ashmole (1617-1692), a seventeenth-century scholar interested in both alchemy and Dee's angel conversations, wrote in his Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum (1652) that the elusive philosopher's stone, when subjected to even higher and more mystical processes, yielded "vegetable," "magical," and "angelic" stones, each characterized by its own specific properties and powers.»Harkness data en 1652 la afirmación de Elias Ashmole en su Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum de que la piedra filosofal, sometida a procesos más altos y místicos, rinde piedras vegetal, mágica y angélica, cada una con sus propias virtudes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 47»

«Forman recorded a warning not to use the same crystal stone to converse with both holy angels and simple (possibly evil) spirits, writing that "ye must never call any spyritte into that Stone you call Aungells into.»Harkness cita la advertencia de Simon Forman, contemporáneo, de no llamar a la misma piedra espíritus simples y ángeles santos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 47»

«It is not known who made the table for Dee, and he struggled to clarify the angels' instructions for some time.»Harkness declara lo que no se sabe de la Mesa Santa, quién la fabricó, y consigna que Dee batalló un buen tiempo por aclarar las instrucciones de los ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 49»

«Although the angels did not satisfy Dee's requests for more detailed instructions regarding the table's base, they did give exact specifications for the tabletop.»Harkness registra el desequilibrio de las instrucciones: los ángeles no atendieron las peticiones de Dee sobre la base de la mesa, pero sí dieron especificaciones exactas para el tablero

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 49»

«The angels told Dee to make the tabletop from a fourfeet-square piece of sweet wood (though Ashmole claimed the table he saw in Cotton's library was only about three-feet square).»Harkness consigna la discrepancia sin armonizarla: los ángeles mandaron un tablero de madera dulce de cuatro pies en cuadro, mientras Ashmole afirmó que la mesa que vio en la biblioteca de Cotton medía apenas unos tres pies

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 49»

«The earlier ones, given on 10 March, were later labeled "false," and new instructions followed on 26 April 1583.»Harkness data la corrección de las instrucciones: las del 10 de marzo quedaron después rotuladas como falsas y el 26 de abril de 1583 llegaron unas nuevas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 49»

«the angels instructed Dee to make the seal from undyed beeswax and to inscribe the seal with a heptagon, letters from the angelic alphabet, names of the angels, and the secret names of God.»Harkness detalla la orden angélica sobre el sello: cera de abeja sin teñir, un heptágono, letras del alfabeto angélico, nombres de los ángeles y los nombres secretos de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 52»

«The showstone, the table, and the wax seals were the central physical features of the angel conversations.»Harkness fija los tres rasgos físicos centrales de las conversaciones: la piedra de visión, la mesa y los sellos de cera

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 52»

«But, according to the angel diaries, Dee's use of the ring, lamine, and rod was never central to the angel conversations in the way that the stone, table, or seals were.»Harkness matiza el papel del anillo, la lámina y la vara: según los propios diarios angelicales, nunca fueron centrales al modo en que lo eran la piedra, la mesa o los sellos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 52»

«The angels described no objects that the scryers were to possess or wear, and their absence underscores that it was Dee, rather than his assistants, who played the crucial role in the conversations.»Harkness adjudica a Dee y no a sus asistentes el papel decisivo, y lo apoya en una ausencia: los ángeles no describieron objeto alguno que los scryers debieran poseer o portar

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 52»

«This assertion must be qualified, for, as in the case of the angelic stone set in gold, Dee may well have been buried with the objects.»Harkness acota su propia afirmación sobre el paradero de los objetos, porque Dee bien pudo ser enterrado con ellos, como con la piedra angélica engarzada en oro

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 52»

«Dee's interest in the ring increased when the angel Michael asserted that its design had not been "revealed since the death of Salomon," the archetypal biblical figure of wisdom.»Harkness cita la locución del ángel Miguel, transcrita por Dee, según la cual el diseño del anillo no se había revelado desde la muerte de Salomón

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 53»

«In the case of the lamine, however, the angels' instructions suggest a closer link to traditional amulets used against illness, evil spirits, and bad fortune, since the angel Uriel told Dee that it would protect him from danger.»Harkness acerca la lámina a los amuletos tradicionales contra enfermedad, malos espíritus y mala fortuna, porque el ángel Uriel dijo a Dee que lo protegería del peligro

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 53»

«Dee had been using the triangle as a personal hieroglyphic for some time, because the Greek delta or letter D provided a reference to his name.»Harkness explica el triángulo como jeroglífico personal que Dee ya venía usando, por remitir la delta griega a la inicial de su nombre

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 53»

«Other objects of crucial importance to Dee's angel conversations were his angelically delivered books, which can be divided into two broad categories.»Harkness divide en dos clases los libros entregados por los ángeles, otro grupo de objetos capitales para las conversaciones

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 54»

«The second class of books - the revealed books - were given to Dee in the course of the conversations, and they were always meant to be extracted from the chronologically recorded diaries and maintained as separate books.»Harkness define la segunda clase, los libros revelados, entregados en el curso de las conversaciones y destinados desde el principio a extraerse de los diarios cronológicos y a conservarse como libros aparte

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 54»

«Their quality of presentation suggests that they were intended for reference and possibly as gifts to patrons and associates, rather than being rough notes of the angel conversations.»Harkness infiere del cuidado de su presentación que esos volúmenes se pensaron para consulta y acaso como regalo a patrones y allegados, no como apuntes en sucio de las conversaciones

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 54»

«During Dee's lifetime, Protestant reformers extended the living power of God's speech to include books of scripture, which they argued should be revered as if they contained the spoken word of God.»Harkness sitúa la práctica en su clima: los reformadores protestantes de la época de Dee extendieron el poder viviente del habla de Dios a los libros de la Escritura, que a su juicio debían venerarse como si contuvieran la palabra hablada

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 54»

«Dee viewed all holy texts - be they scriptural authorities or private revelations - as having inherent power, highlighting in his copy of Azalus's encylopedia that magic existed even in the written accounts of the Christian patriarchs.»Harkness atribuye a Dee la convicción de que todo texto santo, autoridad escritural o revelación privada, tiene poder inherente, y lo apoya en lo que él subrayó en su ejemplar de la enciclopedia de Azalus

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 55»

«Though occult practitioners had been calling spirits into the world for centuries to look for buried treasure and act on their wishes, few asked those spirits for information about the way the world worked, or how and when God would reorder it according to a divine plan.»Harkness distingue el proyecto de Dee de la práctica oculta corriente: hacía siglos que se llamaba espíritus para buscar tesoros y cumplir deseos, pero pocos les preguntaban cómo funcionaba el mundo o cuándo lo reordenaría Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 55»

«Although Whitby contends that the book provided "Dee with ready access to all that he needed for the practical summoning of these spirits," there is no evidence that Dee ever used the prayers in his daily practices.»Harkness objeta a Whitby, que da el libro por manual práctico de convocatoria, que no hay evidencia de que Dee usara nunca esas oraciones en su práctica diaria

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 56»

«The prayers in the De heptarchia mystica may have had a role in the religious life of the world to come, but Dee's translation of the calls has been lost, and neither their contents nor their ultimate purpose is known.»Harkness declara lo que se ignora: la traducción que Dee hizo de las llamadas se perdió, y ni su contenido ni su propósito último se conocen

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 56»

«The angels promised that the book and the Holy Table would, when used at God's appointed time, bring about the apocalyptic redefinition of the natural world.»Harkness consigna la promesa angélica de que el libro y la Mesa Santa, usados en el tiempo señalado por Dios, traerían la redefinición apocalíptica del mundo natural

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 56»

«Here the status of the angels' revelations as a new scriptural authority is clear, and the revealed books' stylistic relationship to the Bible is evident.»Harkness lee en esos textos la pretensión de una nueva autoridad escritural, y señala el parentesco de estilo de los libros revelados con la Biblia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 58»

«The 48 Claves angelicae contained verses in both English and the angels' language, and Dee translated the keys with the angels' assistance.»Harkness describe las 48 Claves angelicae como versos en inglés y en la lengua de los ángeles, y adjudica la traducción a Dee con asistencia de los propios ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 58»

«Though the books which Dee used in the angel conversations, when compared to the extant early modern grimoires and books of experiments, are more striking in their differences than in their similarities, the Liber scientiae auxilii is most reminiscent of traditional occult practices due to the formulaic nature of its contents.»Harkness compara los libros de Dee con los grimorios y libros de experimentos de la temprana modernidad y encuentra más diferencias que semejanzas, con la salvedad del Liber scientiae auxilii por lo formulario de su contenido

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 58»

«In addition to these surviving books, there were other revealed books destroyed by angelic command in Prague in 1586.»Harkness data en Praga, en 1586, la destrucción de otros libros revelados por mandato de los propios ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 59»

«During an episode when the angels claimed that all the earth had to be cleansed in preparation for the unfolding of God's divine plan, they instructed Dee to place the revealed books and his angel diaries in his oratory furnace.»Harkness narra el episodio en que los ángeles, alegando que toda la tierra debía limpiarse para el despliegue del plan divino, mandaron a Dee meter los libros revelados y sus diarios angelicales en el horno del oratorio

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 59»

«The loss of such a valuable work caused Dee great distress, although he took it stoically and remained convinced that, at some future date, he would understand its contents even if it was no longer in his possession.»Harkness atribuye a Dee gran aflicción por esa pérdida, sobrellevada con estoicismo y con la convicción de que algún día entendería el contenido aunque ya no lo tuviera

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 59»

«Another book from Dee's library collection, the Book of Soyga, has been connected to his angels even though it was not revealed by them.»Harkness precisa el estatuto del Libro de Soyga: se le ha ligado a los ángeles de Dee aunque no fue revelado por ellos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 59»

«The long-lost Book of Soyga became, in modern scholarship on Dee, a "missing link" that had vanished along with any hope of really understanding the remaining angel conversations.»Harkness señala que la erudición moderna sobre Dee convirtió el largamente perdido Libro de Soyga en un eslabón faltante, desaparecido junto con la esperanza de entender las conversaciones restantes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 59»

«Its Latin and English contents appear to belie Dee's description of the book as "Arabik."»Harkness registra que el contenido latino e inglés del libro parece contradecir la descripción que Dee hizo de él como arábigo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 60»

«Nor do ownership marks permit its certain placement in Dee's collection, but marginalia and provenance suggest that the copy now in the British Library belonged to Dee, while the copy now at the Bodleian Library was copied from Dee's manuscript when he sent the Book of Soyga to Oxford for expert advice.»Harkness expone lo que la evidencia permite y lo que no: las marcas de propiedad no bastan para colocarlo con certeza en la colección de Dee, pero marginalia y procedencia sugieren que el ejemplar de la British Library fue suyo y que el de la Bodleian se copió cuando lo mandó a Oxford a consulta de expertos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 60»

«Further study of the Book of Soyga may yet yield insights into the angel conversations and Dee's views on astrology and magic.»Harkness deja abierta la cuestión y propone que el estudio ulterior del Libro de Soyga aún puede arrojar luz sobre las conversaciones y sobre las ideas de Dee acerca de la astrología y la magia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 60»

«Though Dee's scryers and their sordid reputations eclipse the other features of the angel conversations, he did believe that their revelations came from the mouths of angels.»Harkness sostiene, contra el eclipse que producen los scryers y su reputación sórdida, que Dee sí creía que aquellas revelaciones venían de boca de ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 61»

«Dee took the angels seriously and obeyed their commands to the letter - even when the tasks the angels assigned to him, such as denouncing the Holy Roman emperor for his sins, lacked courtly sensitivity.»Harkness mide la seriedad de esa creencia por la obediencia: Dee cumplía al pie de la letra las órdenes angélicas aun cuando la encomienda, como denunciar al emperador por sus pecados, careciera de tacto cortesano

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 61»

«The angels, oddly enough, have been almost completely ignored by scholars, yet without some introduction to their individual and collective attributes the full significance of the angel conversations remains elusive.»Harkness objeta a la erudición haber ignorado casi por completo a los ángeles mismos, sin cuyos atributos individuales y colectivos el sentido pleno de las conversaciones se escapa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 61»

«Rather than focusing on their discrete place in the universal system, which might help us to understand how they coincide with those of other traditions, he took a more cabalistic approach and focused on their proper names, and on the particular task each fulfilled in the natural world.»Harkness caracteriza el acercamiento de Dee como cabalístico: en vez del lugar discreto de cada ángel en el sistema universal, atendía a sus nombres propios y a la tarea que cada uno cumplía en el mundo natural

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 61»

«While it is tempting to consider Dee's angels lesser spirits - especially those whose names are unfamiliar - he believed they were divinely sent messengers, with the exception of "wicked or illuding spirits" that occasionally crept into the conversations and were quickly recognized and dismissed.»Harkness adjudica el estatuto que Dee les daba: mensajeros enviados por Dios, con la excepción de los espíritus malvados o engañadores que de vez en cuando se colaban y eran reconocidos y despedidos pronto

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 62»

«Their names, unlike many others which appear in the conversations, should be recognizable to anyone familiar with the Bible, with the possible exception of Uriel, who appears mainly in the now apocryphal book»Harkness señala que los nombres de esos ángeles resultan reconocibles para quien conozca la Biblia, con la posible excepción de Uriel, que aparece sobre todo en un libro hoy apócrifo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 62»

«In addition, Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, and Uriel, according to Dee and his predecessor Agrippa, presided over the four corners of the heavens and thus had a panascopic view of the created world.»Harkness adjudica a Dee y a su predecesor Agrippa la idea de que Gabriel, Miguel, Rafael y Uriel presiden las cuatro esquinas de los cielos y tienen por eso una vista panascópica del mundo creado

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 62»

«Gabriel first appeared in the angel conversations on 22 June 1583.»Harkness data el 22 de junio de 1583 la primera aparición de Gabriel en las conversaciones angelicales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 62»

«Dee's understanding of the etymology of Gabriel's name was "the growing power or mightiness, or increasing strength of God.»Harkness consigna la etimología que Dee daba al nombre de Gabriel, el poder creciente o la fuerza acrecentada de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 63»

«Early modern authors were especially intrigued by the angel Gabriel, perhaps because in Trithemius's De septent secundeis the historical period overseen by him began in A.D. 1525; Dee and his contemporaries were thus living in the age of Gabriel.»Harkness explica el interés de los autores de la temprana modernidad por Gabriel con la periodización de Trithemius en De septem secundeis, donde el periodo histórico regido por él empieza en 1525, de modo que Dee y sus contemporáneos vivían la edad de Gabriel

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 63»

«His chief attributes were his scales, which he would use to weigh human souls at the Last Judgment, and his sword of justice, which related to the meaning of his name: "strength of God."»Harkness liga los atributos de Miguel, la balanza con que pesará las almas en el Juicio Final y la espada de justicia, al significado de su nombre, fuerza de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 63»

«Michael first appeared, holding his sword of justice, on 14 March 1582.»Harkness data el 14 de marzo de 1582 la primera aparición de Miguel, con su espada de justicia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 64»

«Raphael, whose name can be translated as the "healing power of God," is typically accorded the role of the angel of medicine.»Harkness traduce el nombre de Rafael como poder curativo de Dios y le adjudica el papel usual de ángel de la medicina

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 64»

«One of Raphael's key revelations in Dee's angel conversations was the "true cabala of nature," which related specifically to his role as the angel of knowledge.»Harkness adjudica a Rafael, como ángel del conocimiento, una de las revelaciones capitales de las conversaciones, la verdadera cábala de la naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 64»

«Trithemius mentioned Uriel in his Steganographia, where Uriel was called a "great prince" and played an important role in his system of angelic communication.»Harkness registra la mención de Uriel en la Steganographia de Trithemius, donde se le llama gran príncipe y cumple un papel importante en su sistema de comunicación angélica

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 65»

«Dee considered the archangel Anael the "Chief governor Generall of this great [historical] period, as I have Noted in my boke of Famous and rich Discoveries," which differed from the scholarly consensus that the early modern period was under the governorship of Gabriel.»Harkness consigna el desacuerdo sin armonizarlo: Dee tenía al arcángel Anael por gobernador general del gran periodo histórico, contra el consenso erudito que lo ponía bajo Gabriel

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 65»

«Calder concluded that they were fairies or daemons.»Harkness registra la adjudicación de Calder, que concluyó que aquellos seres eran hadas o demonios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 65»

«Gilbert's privileged role in the conversations did not last, and he was replaced by a Polish visitor to England, Count Albert Laski (15361605).»Harkness data el relevo en el papel privilegiado de Gilbert por un visitante polaco en Inglaterra, el conde Albert Laski

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 67»

«The association between Dee and Laski was cordial from the beginning, and on 18 May 1583 Laski visited Dee at Mortlake.»Harkness data el 18 de mayo de 1583 la visita de Laski a Dee en Mortlake y califica de cordial el trato desde el principio

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 68»

«After the party left Mortlake, Dee spoke with the angels, who mentioned Laski in their prophecies for the first time.»Harkness data en la conversación posterior a la partida de la comitiva la primera vez que los ángeles nombraron a Laski en sus profecías

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 68»

«In Prague, Don Guillen de San Clemente, the Spanish ambassador, acted as an intermediary between Dee and Rudolf II.»Harkness adjudica a don Guillén de San Clemente, embajador español en Praga, el papel de intermediario entre Dee y Rodolfo II

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 68»

«San Clemente was sympathetic to Dee's interests and confided that he was descended from the Spanish mystical philosopher Ramon Lull.»Harkness registra la simpatía de San Clemente por los intereses de Dee y la confidencia de que descendía del filósofo místico español Ramon Llull

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 68»

«Dee's noble patrons were especially important to the perpetuation of the angel conversations, for without them he could not have gained the attention of rulers or religious officials.»Harkness sostiene que los patrones nobles fueron decisivos para la continuidad de las conversaciones, porque sin ellos Dee no habría alcanzado la atención de gobernantes ni de autoridades religiosas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 67»

«The angels requested Rozmberk's presence at an angel conversation on 1 May 1586, but the first extant conversation involving Rozmberk is dated 14 October 1586.»Harkness contrasta la petición angélica de que Rozmberk asistiera a una conversación el 1 de mayo de 1586 con la fecha de la primera conversación conservada en que participa, el 14 de octubre de ese año

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 69»

«Queen Elizabeth I apparently knew of his efforts to communicate with the angels, though there is no evidence that she participated in any conversations.»Harkness declara el límite de lo documentado sobre la reina Isabel I: al parecer sabía de los esfuerzos de Dee por comunicarse con los ángeles, pero no hay evidencia de que participara en conversación alguna

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 69»

«King Stephen, unlike Rudolf II, did agree to communicate personally with the angels, though he was not predisposed to believe in the conversations, as he understood that direct revelations were unlikely now that corruption and disorder reigned in the world.»Harkness contrasta a los dos soberanos: el rey Esteban sí aceptó comunicarse en persona con los ángeles, aunque sin predisposición a creer, pues entendía que la revelación directa era improbable reinando ya corrupción y desorden en el mundo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 70»

«While there is some evidence to suggest that Dee shared Stephen's belief that magic and miracles were less likely to occur in their troubled times than in the past, he argued strongly for the divinity of his angelic revelations.»Harkness consigna la coincidencia parcial y su límite: hay indicios de que Dee compartía con Esteban la idea de que magia y milagros eran menos probables en aquellos tiempos revueltos que en el pasado, y aun así defendía con fuerza la divinidad de sus revelaciones angélicas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 70»

«The contents of the angel conversations involving Rozmberk were primarily concerned with the angels' knowledge of alchemy, and they lend further credence to the belief that the rift between Dee and the emperor stemmed from alchemical disputes and difficulties rather than from the angels.»Harkness apoya en el contenido alquímico de las conversaciones con Rozmberk la tesis de que la ruptura entre Dee y el emperador vino de disputas y dificultades alquímicas y no de los ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 69»

«Dee also received communion at the religious house where Rosselli was installed, though Yates overstates the case when she writes: "This shows us where lay Dee's true spiritual home - in religious Hermetism.»Harkness objeta por su nombre a Frances Yates, que al ver a Dee comulgar en la casa religiosa de Rosselli lee ahí su verdadero hogar espiritual en el hermetismo religioso, y sostiene que exagera el caso

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 71»

«church was concerned that the activities of Dee and Kelly were all too real, but might involve evil spirits rather than good angels.»Harkness precisa el temor de la iglesia, que no era el fraude sino lo contrario: que las actividades de Dee y Kelly fueran demasiado reales y en ellas intervinieran espíritus malos y no ángeles buenos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 72»

«The church's position was based on the presumption that the "apparition of good angels . . . does not happen in a distinct shape which is perceived by human eyes, but is somehow vaguely encompassed . . . while . . . in a state of ecstasy and rapture.»Harkness expone el supuesto doctrinal en que la iglesia apoyaba su posición, que la aparición de ángeles buenos no ocurre en forma distinta perceptible por ojos humanos sino de manera vaga y en estado de éxtasis y rapto

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 72»

«The Catholic church's skepticism mounted because "Dr. Dee had a wife and was thus given to the cares of this life and to worldly matters.»Harkness adjudica parte del escepticismo católico a un argumento de estado de vida: que el doctor Dee tenía mujer y andaba entregado a los cuidados de esta vida y a asuntos mundanos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 72»

«"I am indeed of the opinion," wrote the Bishop of Vercelli, "that they prefer one philosopher's stone to ten visions of angels.»Harkness cita al obispo de Vercelli, que declara su opinión de que aquéllos prefieren una piedra filosofal a diez visiones de ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 72»

«Germanus Malaspina, the bishop of San Severo, assumed responsibility for the inquiries after the bishop of Vercelli left office in July 1585.»Harkness data en julio de 1585 el traspaso de las indagatorias a Germanus Malaspina, obispo de San Severo, al dejar el cargo el obispo de Vercelli

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 72»

«Though Dee admitted that "the very great and very many mysteries and counsels of God are known to us . . . which all human talents conjoined could not invent," they were nonetheless under a divine "curb of silence."»Harkness cita a Dee, que admite que se les conocen misterios y consejos de Dios que ningún talento humano reunido podría inventar, y que aun así pesa sobre ellos un freno divino de silencio

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 73»

«If these changes were made, Kelly assured the papal representatives, "a great and conspicuous reformation of the Christian religion would be brought about most speedily.»Harkness registra la garantía que Kelly dio a los representantes papales de que, hechos esos cambios, se produciría rapidísimamente una grande y notoria reformación de la religión cristiana

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 73»

«Dee declined to go to Rome, as he believed that "all pious and genuine sons of the Catholic Church . . . will own [up to] the efficacy and the diaphoretic celestial energy of our Illuminator and Comforter" and would "be enriched by the knowledge" of the angel conversations.»Harkness explica la negativa de Dee a ir a Roma por su convicción de que los hijos piadosos y genuinos de la Iglesia Católica reconocerían la eficacia de su Iluminador y Consolador y se enriquecerían con el conocimiento de las conversaciones

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 74»

«Pucci became one of the most destructive influences on the angel conversations, in part because of his role in the prophesied reformation as a "speaker" or communicator of the angel conversations to those lacking an immediate experience of the event.»Harkness adjudica a Francesco Pucci una de las influencias más destructivas sobre las conversaciones, en parte por su papel en la reformación profetizada como vocero de ellas ante quienes no las presenciaban

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 73»

«This reply incensed the bishop, who accused Dee of necromancy and recommended that he be expelled from the city of Prague.»Harkness data en esa respuesta el enojo del obispo, que acusó a Dee de nigromancia y recomendó su expulsión de Praga

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 74»

«In England, within Dee's library and his published works, we can find the first evidence that he was coming to terms with the problems of practicing natural philosophy in a world that he believed was coming to an end.»Harkness sostiene que la primera evidencia de que Dee se hacía cargo del problema de practicar filosofía natural en un mundo que creía acabándose está en Inglaterra, en su biblioteca y en sus obras publicadas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 74»

«While doing so, Dee began to seek a means to bridge the immense gap between the human and the divine through conversations with angels.»Harkness sitúa ahí el origen del proyecto: fue haciendo eso cuando Dee empezó a buscar un modo de tender puente sobre el inmenso abismo entre lo humano y lo divino mediante conversaciones con ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 74»

«Dee's most cherished intellectual goal as a natural philosopher was to master a universal science so that he could climb to heaven like the angels in Jacob's vision at Bethel, achieve certain knowledge, and return to communicate his knowledge to others.»Harkness enuncia la meta intelectual más querida de Dee como filósofo natural, dominar una ciencia universal para subir al cielo como los ángeles de la visión de Jacob en Betel, alcanzar conocimiento cierto y volver a comunicarlo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 77»

«Dee's commitment to a universal science can be detected as early as 1558, when the first edition of the Propaedeumata aphoristica was published.»Harkness data en 1558, con la primera edición de la Propaedeumata aphoristica, el compromiso de Dee con una ciencia universal

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 77»

«Dee's conception of a universal science grew more inclusive over the years, and by 1580 he was casting his net widely to embrace optics, mathematics, cabala, angelology, eschatology, and alchemy.»Harkness describe cómo esa ciencia universal se fue haciendo más incluyente hasta abarcar hacia 1580 la óptica, la matemática, la cábala, la angelología, la escatología y la alquimia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 78»

«Their common caveat was that nature could be mastered and utilized only in accordance with the divine plan and God's approval.»Harkness señala la reserva común a esos filósofos naturales, que la naturaleza solo podía dominarse y usarse conforme al plan divino y con aprobación de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 78»

«The enormous range of ideas expressed in the universal sciences stemmed not from confusion but from a lack of consensus on how natural philosophers might gain access to God's divine blueprint for the created world.»Harkness adjudica la enorme variedad de las ciencias universales no a la confusión sino a la falta de consenso sobre cómo acceder al plano divino de Dios para el mundo creado

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 78»

«For Antoine Mizauld, as for Dee, the heavens offered one of the best avenues for a comprehensive, universal natural philosophy.»Harkness sitúa a Dee junto a Antoine Mizauld, para quien los cielos ofrecían una de las mejores vías hacia una filosofía natural comprensiva y universal

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 78»

«Guillaume Postel believed that a restoration of a single religion, under a single authoritative figure, with a common body of knowledge and a common language, would enable mankind to recover the divine plan and craft a universal science.»Harkness resume la posición de Guillaume Postel, que esperaba recobrar el plan divino y forjar una ciencia universal restaurando una sola religión bajo una sola autoridad, con un cuerpo común de saber y una lengua común

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 78»

«Dee's decision to search for a universal science was not sudden but developed from his earlier studies in natural philosophy.»Harkness niega que la decisión de Dee de buscar una ciencia universal fuera repentina y la deriva de sus estudios anteriores de filosofía natural

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 78»

«Topics discussed in the angel conversations - the divine language, mathematics, optics, universal science, the interpretation of natural and supernatural signs, and the apocalyptic future of humanity and the created world - all appeared in Dee's published works before they surfaced in the angel diaries, suggesting a development of his views rather than an abrupt transition between earlier»Harkness apoya la continuidad en un dato de orden: los temas de las conversaciones, la lengua divina, la matemática, la óptica, la ciencia universal, la interpretación de signos y el futuro apocalíptico, aparecen en las obras publicadas de Dee antes que en los diarios angelicales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 79»

«Observation proved an insufficient method for grasping the complexities of the created world, so Dee sought a way to decipher the Book of Nature in his Monas hieroglyphica (1564).»Harkness lee la Monas hieroglyphica de 1564 como el intento de descifrar el Libro de la Naturaleza, una vez que la observación resultó método insuficiente

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 79»

«Once the Book of Nature had been deciphered, however, Dee found that it was disordered and of limited use to a natural philosopher, so he relied on mathematics as a reordering principle, in his "Mathematicall Preface" (1570).»Harkness lee la Mathematicall Preface de 1570 como el paso siguiente: descifrado el Libro de la Naturaleza, Dee lo halló desordenado y de poca utilidad, y recurrió a la matemática como principio de reordenamiento

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 79»

«By Dee's time ancient and medieval authors' ideas about the instability of the Book of Nature were used by humanistic scholars to suggest that the created world was a text (like many others) in need of careful reading, rereading, and restitution.»Harkness explica que en tiempos de Dee las ideas antiguas y medievales sobre la inestabilidad del Libro de la Naturaleza sirvieron a los humanistas para presentar el mundo creado como un texto que había que leer, releer y restituir

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 81»

«Many ancient cosmologies and cosmogonies contained references to a time in the past when humanity, divinity, and nature had lived in harmony and concord.»Harkness sitúa el punto de partida en las cosmologías y cosmogonías antiguas, que remiten a un tiempo pasado de armonía y concordia entre humanidad, divinidad y naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 82»

«Philo Judaeus, for example, believed that the perfection of the Edenic past was embodied in Adam himself.»Harkness adjudica a Filón de Alejandría la idea de que la perfección del pasado edénico estaba encarnada en el propio Adán

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 82»

«For sixteenth-century scholars and their predecessors the Flood hastened nature's deterioration and erased the last vestiges of Paradise from the world.»Harkness señala que para los eruditos del siglo XVI y sus predecesores el Diluvio aceleró el deterioro de la naturaleza y borró del mundo los últimos vestigios del Paraíso

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 83»

«One of Dee's contemporaries, Francis Shakelton, asked his readers to observe the Flood's all-too-visible consequences: "doe we not see the yearth to be changed and corrupted? Sometymes by the inundation of waters? Sometymes by fiers? And by the heate of the Sunne?»Harkness cita a Francis Shakelton, contemporáneo de Dee, que pedía a sus lectores reparar en las consecuencias visibles del Diluvio, la tierra cambiada y corrompida por inundaciones, por fuegos y por el calor del sol

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 83»

«Such tensions only increased when, in 1572, a new star appeared in the heavens - the first new star since the star of Bethlehem that announced the birth of Christ.»Harkness data en 1572 la aparición de una estrella nueva en los cielos, la primera desde la estrella de Belén que anunció el nacimiento de Cristo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 83»

«A few years later, in November 1577, a comet blazed through the heavens.»Harkness data en noviembre de 1577 el paso de un cometa por los cielos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 83»

«Then, during the Easter season of 1580, a rare earthquake rocked London early in the morning, an event which Dee noted in his personal diary.»Harkness data en la pascua de 1580 un raro terremoto que sacudió Londres de madrugada y que Dee anotó en su diario personal

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 84»

«The predicted 1583 event was more than a conjunction; it also involved a shift from the "watery trigon" to the "fiery trigon."»Harkness precisa que el evento previsto para 1583 no era solo una conjunción sino además el paso del trígono acuoso al trígono ígneo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 84»

«Historians and astrologers agreed that there had been six "greatest conjunctions" since the creation: one during the life of the prophet Enoch; another with Noah's Flood; a third when Moses had received the Ten Commandments; the fourth during the dispersal of the ten tribes from Israel; the fifth at the birth of Christ; and the sixth coinciding with the reign of Charlemagne.»Harkness registra el acuerdo entre historiadores y astrólogos sobre seis conjunciones máximas desde la creación, en tiempos de Enoc, con el Diluvio de Noé, al recibir Moisés los Diez Mandamientos, en la dispersión de las diez tribus, en el nacimiento de Cristo y bajo Carlomagno

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 85»

«Few doubted that the "greatest conjunction" due to occur in 1583 would be the harbinger of a similarly monumental event, especially since discussions of the conjunction were often reprinted with new editions of Regiomontanus's fifteenth-century astrological predictions that the world would end in 1588.»Harkness explica la expectativa ante la conjunción máxima de 1583 por su reimpresión frecuente junto a las predicciones astrológicas del siglo XV de Regiomontano, que daban el fin del mundo en 1588

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 85»

«Leowitz was sure that the upcoming conjunction announced "undoubtedly . . . the second coming of the son of God and man in the majesty of his glory."»Harkness cita a Leowitz, que daba por indudable que la conjunción venidera anunciaba la segunda venida del hijo de Dios y del hombre en la majestad de su gloria

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 86»

«Although the Book of Nature was an unstable and unreliable text - never more so than in the years prior to 1583 - a natural philosopher could not afford to ignore the manifold signs that God had inscribed there, but had to practice a shrewd observation of nature.»Harkness formula la exigencia que de ahí se sigue para el filósofo natural: aunque el Libro de la Naturaleza fuera un texto inestable y poco fiable, nunca tanto como en los años previos a 1583, no podía permitirse ignorar los múltiples signos que Dios inscribió en él

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 86»

«Clulee, on the other hand, emphasizes Dee's adherence to mathematical principles of optics to create an "astrological physics" which was an integral part of a cosmos governed by natural law.»Harkness adjudica a Clulee la lectura de que Dee se atuvo a principios matemáticos de la óptica para armar una física astrológica integrada a un cosmos regido por ley natural

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 87»

«What both scholars suggest is that at a very early point in his career Dee was seeking to unify the basis of natural philosophy (though there is debate as to whether that basis was optical or magical), the first step in establishing a universal science.»Harkness recoge lo que sus dos intérpretes comparten y el punto en que discrepan: que Dee buscó muy temprano unificar la base de la filosofía natural, aunque se discuta si esa base era óptica o mágica

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 87»

«When Dee wrote the Propaedeumata aphoristica he was already worried about the instability of the Book of Nature and his ability to practice natural philosophy with the assistance of such an unreliable text.»Harkness sostiene que ya al escribir la Propaedeumata aphoristica inquietaban a Dee la inestabilidad del Libro de la Naturaleza y su propia capacidad de practicar filosofía natural con un texto tan poco fiable

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 87»

«Dee suggested that similar and harmonious parts of the cosmos imitated each other and moved together in what we might call "occult physics."»Harkness resume la tesis de Dee de que las partes semejantes y armoniosas del cosmos se imitan y se mueven juntas, algo que llamaríamos una física oculta

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 88»

«The key to such mastery, according to Dee's Propaedewnata aphoristica, was optics - the study of the behavior of light.»Harkness señala que, según la Propaedeumata aphoristica, la llave de ese dominio era la óptica, el estudio del comportamiento de la luz

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 88»

«William Bourne reported that Dee was one of the pre-eminent optical philosophers of the period, ranking him above Thomas Digges.»Harkness aduce el testimonio de William Bourne, que contaba a Dee entre los ópticos preeminentes del periodo y lo ponía por encima de Thomas Digges

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 89»

«Bacon argued that understanding the behavior of light - God's first creation in Genesis - could lead to a complete understanding of nature.»Harkness expone el argumento de Bacon de que entender el comportamiento de la luz, primera creación de Dios en el Génesis, podía llevar a un entendimiento completo de la naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 89»

«While some celestial influences were sensible, others were occult and "penetrate in an instant of time everything that is contained in the universe."»Harkness distingue las influencias celestes sensibles de las ocultas, que penetran en un instante todo lo contenido en el universo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 89»

«Dee finally resolved the issue of the applicability of observable phenomena to occult phenomena through Bacon's contention that radiation was the root of all natural causation, and could explain both the manifest and the occult properties of light.»Harkness explica cómo Dee resolvió el problema de aplicar lo observable a lo oculto por la vía de Bacon, para quien la radiación era la raíz de toda causación natural y daba cuenta de las propiedades manifiestas y ocultas de la luz

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 90»

«Thus, the heavens could influence the earth more than the earth could affect the heavens, but the two were nonetheless linked through a web of radiation.»Harkness formula la asimetría que de ahí resulta: los cielos podían influir en la tierra más que la tierra en los cielos, y aun así ambos quedaban ligados por una red de radiación

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 90»

«Dee was not solely interested in what we might call the physics of light; he was preoccupied as well with the metaphysics of light.»Harkness advierte que el interés de Dee no era solo la física de la luz sino también su metafísica

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 90»

«Grosseteste's influence on Dee has not been adequately studied.»Harkness objeta un vacío de la erudición, que no ha estudiado como corresponde la influencia de Grosseteste sobre Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 91»

«Dee never defined the primum mobile, but it was common to assign it to a place in the created world beyond the fixed stars closest to God, and to make it ultimately responsible for the movement of the eight celestial spheres.»Harkness declara lo que Dee dejó sin definir, el primum mobile, y describe el lugar que se le asignaba, más allá de las estrellas fijas y cerca de Dios, como responsable último del movimiento de las ocho esferas celestes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 92»

«Light was not only the universal natural philosophical principle; it was also the universal metaphysical principle.»Harkness formula el doble estatuto de la luz, principio universal de la filosofía natural y a la vez principio metafísico universal

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 92»

«Galileo's confident assertion that the language of the Book of Nature was mathematical and the alphabet comprised of geometric figures had not been established as a commonplace.»Harkness fecha el estado de la cuestión: la afirmación confiada de Galileo de que la lengua del Libro de la Naturaleza era matemática y su alfabeto de figuras geométricas todavía no era lugar común

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 93»

«The monas's virtues were inexhaustible in Dee's eyes, as it contained the generation of all letters, rendered abstract numbers corporeal, conveyed the mysteries of squaring the circle, mimicked the celestial harmonies, displayed the orbits of the heavenly bodies, gave the parabolic formula for the construction of a burning mirror, contained medicinal proportions, and aided the perception of visions in crystal lamines or carbuncles.»Harkness enumera las virtudes que Dee tenía por inagotables en la monas, que contenía la generación de todas las letras, hacía corpóreos los números abstractos, guardaba el misterio de la cuadratura del círculo, imitaba las armonías celestes y ayudaba a percibir visiones en láminas de cristal

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 93»

«When Dee returned to England shortly after the Monas hieroglyphica's publication, he was obliged to explain it to Queen Elizabeth.»Harkness registra que al volver a Inglaterra tras publicar la Monas hieroglyphica, Dee se vio obligado a explicársela a la reina Isabel

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 93»

«Rudolf II, a student of the occult sciences and natural philosophy, confessed that the work was "too hard for his . . . capacity.»Harkness cita la confesión de Rodolfo II, estudioso él mismo de las ciencias ocultas, de que la obra era demasiado difícil para su capacidad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 93»

«While Wisdom 11:21 attributed the ordering and creative principle of the cosmos to number, weight, and measure - in short, to mathematics - a passage in Genesis offered an alternative.»Harkness señala la vía escritural de la matemática: Sabiduría 11:21 atribuye el principio ordenador y creador del cosmos al número, el peso y la medida

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 94»

«In Genesis 1:3, God literally "spoke" the cosmos into being: "And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.»Harkness opone a esa vía la del Génesis 1:3, donde Dios habla literalmente el cosmos a la existencia al decir que se haga la luz

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 94»

«Given this scriptural contradiction - or, at the very least, ambiguity - it is not surprising that there was little consensus during the sixteenth century about the language God may have used to write the Book of Nature.»Harkness deriva de esa contradicción escritural, o cuando menos ambigüedad, la falta de consenso en el siglo XVI sobre qué lengua habría usado Dios para escribir el Libro de la Naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 94»

«John Dee, it is clear, did not embrace an explanation of the cosmos and its creation that was exclusively or even primarily mathematical.»Harkness adjudica la posición de Dee dentro de ese debate: no abrazó una explicación del cosmos y su creación que fuera exclusiva ni principalmente matemática

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 94»

«Early modern scholars tended to focus on Hebrew as the best avenue for exploring the mysteries of the Book of Nature, since it was thought that God had used a divine, uncorrupted form of Hebrew to create the cosmos, imparting an implicit mathematical order at the same time.»Harkness describe la preferencia de los eruditos de la temprana modernidad por el hebreo, por creerse que Dios usó una forma divina e incorrupta de esa lengua para crear el cosmos, impartiendo con ella un orden matemático implícito

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 94»

«Adam was believed to have shared this original and mathematically charged form of Hebrew with God, infusing the linguistic-mathematic sense of coherence into the created world when he gave all parts of nature their true names.»Harkness expone la creencia complementaria de que Adán compartió con Dios esa forma original y matemáticamente cargada del hebreo, e infundió esa coherencia al mundo creado al dar a cada parte de la naturaleza su nombre verdadero

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 94»

«Humanistic study of the development of language and the transmission of ancient wisdom challenged the belief that the language of the Book of Nature was some form of Hebrew.»Harkness señala que el estudio humanista del desarrollo de las lenguas y de la transmisión de la sabiduría antigua puso en entredicho la creencia de que la lengua del Libro de la Naturaleza fuera alguna forma de hebreo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 95»

«As natural philosophers mastered an ever larger number of languages, they began to argue that European national languages (such as Dutch, Welsh, and Italian), ancient Oriental languages (such as Chinese, Aramaic, and Syriac), pictorial languages like hieroglyphics, and the language of mathematical symbols were actually older than Hebrew and therefore more likely to be the original language used by God to inscribe the Book of Nature.»Harkness enumera las lenguas que los filósofos naturales empezaron a proponer como más antiguas que el hebreo, entre ellas lenguas nacionales europeas, lenguas orientales antiguas, los jeroglíficos y la lengua de los símbolos matemáticos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 95»

«Natural philosophers' preoccupation with the deterioration of the Book of Nature, when combined with the linguistic findings of the humanists, made them wary of any contemporary language that purported to be God's own.»Harkness combina las dos inquietudes, la del deterioro del Libro de la Naturaleza y la de los hallazgos lingüísticos humanistas, para explicar el recelo ante cualquier lengua contemporánea que se dijera de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 95»

«First, a people could still be speaking a language not far removed from the language God and Adam shared in Paradise.»Harkness expone la primera salida que se ensayó, que algún pueblo siguiera hablando una lengua no muy alejada de la que compartieron Dios y Adán en el Paraíso

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 95»

«This theory gained strength as Native American populations were encountered by European explorers, and was also a feature of European interactions with the Chinese.»Harkness señala que esa teoría cobró fuerza con el encuentro europeo con las poblaciones nativas americanas y también en el trato con los chinos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 95»

«Efforts to reclaim God's original language were widespread and continued into the seventeenth century, despite what Eco describes as a systemic confusion over "universal" languages and the original "perfect" language.»Harkness data hasta el siglo XVII los esfuerzos por recobrar la lengua original de Dios, y adjudica a Eco el diagnóstico de una confusión sistemática entre lenguas universales y lengua perfecta original

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 95»

«These scholars argued that the Garden of Eden had survived the Flood but had been isolated by the deluge and was now protected by the angels and inhabited by the saints.»Harkness resume la posición de quienes sostenían que el jardín del Edén sobrevivió al Diluvio pero quedó aislado por él, protegido ahora por los ángeles y habitado por los santos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 96»

«Dee's knowledge of terrestrial geography even led him to argue with the angels about the impossibility of locating Paradise in an angelic lesson in 1584.»Harkness data en 1584 la discusión de Dee con los ángeles sobre la imposibilidad de localizar el Paraíso, apoyada en su propio saber geográfico

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 96»

«In spite of the angel's insistence that it was indeed Paradise, Dee replied that "Till 45 degrees, both Northerly and Southerly, all is known in the most part of the world: But of any such place there is no knowledge nor likelyhood by any History of these dayes, or of old time.»Harkness cita la réplica de Dee al ángel que insistía en que aquello era el Paraíso: que hasta los cuarenta y cinco grados, al norte y al sur, casi todo el mundo es conocido, y de tal lugar no hay noticia ni verosimilitud en historia alguna de hoy ni de antaño

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 96»

«Natural philosophers acknowledged that, although the written form of a language might be stripped of its corruptions, it could not be restored to its original power, because there would not be a clear sense of how the language had been spoken - a major source of its potential efficacy.»Harkness consigna el límite que los filósofos naturales admitían: aun despojada de sus corrupciones, la forma escrita de una lengua no podía restituirse a su poder original, porque faltaba saber cómo se pronunciaba, fuente mayor de su eficacia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 96»

«Michael Psellus (fl. eleventh century), for example, confirmed in his commentary on the Chaldaean oracles that there were "god-given names among all races, which have unspeakable power in magic rites.»Harkness aduce a Miguel Pselo, del siglo XI, que en su comentario a los oráculos caldeos confirmaba que hay nombres dados por Dios entre todos los pueblos con poder inefable en los ritos mágicos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 96»

«For this reason, Psellus warned his readers, "Do not, therefore, change . . . [Hebrew words] into the Greek language, e.g. Seraphim and Cherubim and Michael and Gabriel. For these when uttered in the Hebrew form have unspeakable power in magic rites, but if changed into Greek words, they lose it.»Harkness cita la advertencia de Pselo de no traducir al griego los nombres hebreos como Serafín, Querubín, Miguel y Gabriel, porque pronunciados en su forma hebrea tienen poder inefable en los ritos y traducidos lo pierden

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 97»

«Between 1560 and 1562, Dee's earlier interest in the Christian cabala led him to study the Hebrew language.»Harkness data entre 1560 y 1562 el paso del interés de Dee por la cábala cristiana al estudio de la lengua hebrea

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 100»

«Dee did not begin to purchase Hebrew texts and grammars until the 1560s, at least several years after we have evidence of his first interest in the mystical aspects of the language.»Harkness precisa el desfase cronológico: Dee no empezó a comprar textos y gramáticas hebreas hasta la década de 1560, varios años después de la primera evidencia de su interés por los aspectos místicos de esa lengua

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 100»

«If we expand our consideration of his known library purchases to 1562, we discover that, of the twenty-two works purchased over a two-year period, twenty were concerned with Hebrew or the cabala.»Harkness mide la intensidad del periodo por las compras: de veintidós obras adquiridas en dos años, veinte tratan del hebreo o de la cábala

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 101»

«Dee's expertise certainly never eclipsed that of Reuchlin or Trithemius; his interest in Hebrew was not that of a Hebraic scholar but a cabalist.»Harkness acota la pericia de Dee, que nunca eclipsó la de Reuchlin ni la de Trithemius, y precisa que su interés por el hebreo no era el de un hebraísta sino el de un cabalista

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 101»

«Dee's attempts to master Hebrew were made in an effort to come to terms with the intricacies of the cabala and to apply them to other intellectual projects such as the Monas hieroglyphica and, later, the angel conversations.»Harkness adjudica una finalidad al esfuerzo de Dee por dominar el hebreo, entenderse con los entresijos de la cábala y aplicarlos a otros proyectos como la Monas hieroglyphica y, más tarde, las conversaciones angelicales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 101»

«Dee requested permission to remain abroad, because "Such Men, and such bokes are come to my knowledge . . . [regarding] the former[ly] mentioned great sciences" of cabala that he was reluctant to leave.»Harkness cita la petición de Dee de quedarse en el extranjero, porque habían llegado a su conocimiento hombres y libros de aquellas grandes ciencias cabalísticas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 102»

«The "vulgar cabala," according to Dee, was fundamentally linguistic and relied on letters written and maintained by mankind.»Harkness expone la distinción de Dee entre las dos cábalas y define la primera, la vulgar, como fundamentalmente lingüística y apoyada en letras escritas y conservadas por los hombres

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 102»

«The "real cabala," which Dee claimed he discussed in "aphorisms to the Parisians" (possibly a lost work of 1562 entitled Cabbalae Hebraicae compendiosa tabella), was "born to us by the law of creation" and was more divine than the "vulgar cabala" other scholars studied and employed.»Harkness define la otra, la cábala real, que Dee decía haber tratado en unos aforismos a los parisienses y que nos nace por la ley de la creación, más divina que la vulgar que otros estudiaban

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 102»

«Despite Dee's distinction, he nonetheless defended the worth of the Jewish tradition.»Harkness marca el límite de esa distinción: pese a ella, Dee defendió el valor de la tradición judía

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 102»

«He used "tzyruph" [zeruf or temurah], "gematria," and "notariacon" [notarikon] to reveal and explore their hidden significance.»Harkness enumera las tres técnicas cabalísticas que Dee empleaba para revelar el significado oculto, tzyruph, gematría y notarikon

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 103»

«This aphorism has remained inscrutable, in large part because the "notariacal designations" could not be located in the typical cabalistic references of the period.»Harkness declara lo que sigue sin resolverse: aquel aforismo permanece inescrutable, en buena parte porque las designaciones notaricales no se han podido localizar en los repertorios cabalísticos usuales de la época

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 103»

«The most important similarity for understanding Dee's Monas hieroglyphica and the angel conversations lies in Pantheus's contention that a "cabala of metals" could be traced back to the Chaldeans and his assertion that the cabala of metals provided a means to restore alchemy.»Harkness adjudica a Pantheus la tesis de una cábala de los metales rastreable hasta los caldeos y la afirmación de que esa cábala daba el medio de restaurar la alquimia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 104»

«Pantheus's notion of a "cabala of metals" is analogous to Dee's "real cabala," or the "cabala of that which is.»Harkness establece la analogía entre la cábala de los metales de Pantheus y la cábala real de Dee, la cábala de lo que es

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 104»

«Yet there were limits implicit in his universal science, which Dee alluded to in the last theorem.»Harkness señala que la ciencia universal de Dee llevaba límites implícitos, a los que él mismo aludió en el último teorema

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 105»

«As the Propaedeumata aphoristica had pointed out, however, a natural philosopher must observe before he interprets, and Dee believed that his ability to discern signs of decay in the Book of Nature was what enabled him to interpret their significance.»Harkness recuerda la regla que la Propaedeumata aphoristica había fijado, que el filósofo natural debe observar antes de interpretar, y adjudica a Dee la creencia de que discernir los signos de decadencia del Libro de la Naturaleza era lo que le permitía interpretarlos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 105»

«There was another avenue to explore, however, before Dee was willing to give up traditions of human wisdom and resort to angels for assistance in this observational and interpretational work.»Harkness señala que quedaba una vía por explorar antes de que Dee estuviera dispuesto a abandonar las tradiciones de la sabiduría humana y recurrir a los ángeles para ese trabajo de observar e interpretar

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 105»

«but it was not until his "Mathematical Preface" to the works of Euclid that Dee faced the implications of a deeply mathematical natural philosophy.»Harkness data en la Mathematical Preface a las obras de Euclides el momento en que Dee encaró las implicaciones de una filosofía natural profundamente matemática

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 105»

«In the opening remarks to his "Mathematical Preface" Dee argued that the importance of mathematics rested on numbers and the intermediary role they played between natural and supernatural levels of the cosmos.»Harkness resume el argumento inicial de esa preface: la importancia de la matemática descansa en los números y en el papel intermediario que juegan entre los niveles natural y sobrenatural del cosmos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 107»

«Dee asked his readers to explore this mysterious duality rather than simply considering numbers and geometrical figures for their utilitarian value.»Harkness señala que Dee pedía a sus lectores explorar esa dualidad misteriosa en lugar de considerar números y figuras geométricas por su valor utilitario

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 107»

«The natural world was, in Dee's eyes, inherently uncertain because of its corruptible and changeable nature and could not yield "true" or "certain" information.»Harkness adjudica a Dee la tesis de que el mundo natural es inherentemente incierto por corruptible y mudable, y no puede entregar información verdadera ni cierta

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 107»

«In contrast, the supernatural world was immaterial, simple, indivisible, incorruptible, and unchangeable.»Harkness opone a ello el mundo sobrenatural, inmaterial, simple, indivisible, incorruptible e inmutable

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 107»

«Mathematics was more reliable, therefore, than any branch of natural philosophy that was based on perception.»Harkness formula la consecuencia: la matemática resulta más fiable que cualquier rama de la filosofía natural fundada en la percepción

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 108»

«Specifically, Proclus revered the numerical sciences because they could refer to the intangible and incorruptible as well as the sensible.»Harkness adjudica a Proclo la reverencia por las ciencias numéricas, por poder referirse tanto a lo intangible e incorruptible como a lo sensible

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 108»

«Dee marveled at the "strange participatiojn]" mathematics achieved "betwene things supernaturall, imortall, intellectual, simple and indivisible: and thynges naturall, mortall, sensible, compounded, and divisible."»Harkness cita el asombro de Dee ante la extraña participación que la matemática logra entre las cosas sobrenaturales, inmortales, intelectuales, simples e indivisibles y las naturales, mortales, sensibles, compuestas y divisibles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 108»

«Dee agreed, as is clear when he quoted from Boethius: "All thinges (which from the very first originall being of thinges, have bene framed and made) do appeare to be formed by the reason of Numbers.»Harkness apoya en la cita que Dee hace de Boecio la raíz cristiana neoplatónica de su matemática, que todas las cosas hechas desde el primer ser de las cosas parecen formadas por razón de números

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 109»

«The divine nature of geometry encouraged Dee to give up the ancient label of "geometry" for "megethology," which he believed more accurately captured the theological, metaphysical, and terrestrial uses for the science.»Harkness explica el cambio de nombre que Dee propuso, de geometría a megethología, por juzgarlo más fiel a los usos teológicos, metafísicos y terrestres de la ciencia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 110»

«Dee elevated the science of arithmetic to a place just below theology in the hierarchy of knowledge because of its profound divinity and purity.»Harkness registra que Dee elevó la aritmética a un lugar inmediatamente inferior a la teología en la jerarquía del saber, por su profunda divinidad y pureza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 110»

«Dee's "Archemastrie," the experimental science related to spiritual experience, divination, and natural philosophy, may indicate that he was already attempting to communicate with the angels.»Harkness propone con reserva que la archemastrie de Dee, ciencia experimental ligada a la experiencia espiritual, la adivinación y la filosofía natural, puede indicar que ya intentaba comunicarse con los ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 111»

«Dee formulated a means of contacting angels that did not rely on conjurations or binding spells, but on simple prayer and the use of a crystal stone to collect the occult rays which all major theological and philosophical authorities agreed were vehicles for angelic, as well as astral, influences.»Harkness precisa la forma del contacto que Dee formuló, sin conjuros ni ligaduras, con simple oración y una piedra de cristal para recoger los rayos ocultos que las autoridades teológicas y filosóficas tenían por vehículo de influencias angélicas y astrales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 111»

«Angels were, after all, akin to mathematics in their intermediary nature and function.»Harkness enlaza ambos términos por su función: los ángeles se parecen a la matemática en su naturaleza intermediaria

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 112»

«For a decade after the "Mathematical Preface" a veil falls over our knowledge of John Dee's interest in intermediary agencies, his commitment to ascending to the supernatural levels of the cosmos, his fascination with universal sciences, and his provocative "archemastrie."»Harkness declara una década de oscuridad documental tras la Mathematical Preface sobre el interés de Dee en las agencias intermediarias, su ascenso a los niveles sobrenaturales y su archemastrie

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 113»

«The veil lifts in 1581, just as Dee was about to enter into his collaboration with Edward Kelly, when he addressed a prayer to God explaining how and why he communicated with angels.»Harkness data en 1581 el levantamiento de ese velo, justo cuando Dee iba a iniciar su colaboración con Edward Kelly, con una oración a Dios que explica cómo y por qué se comunicaba con ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 113»

«He labored on, collecting his library and publishing his own natural philosophy, but at last he concluded he "could fynde no other way, to . . . true wisdome" without the "extraordinary gift" of divine revelation.»Harkness cita la conclusión de Dee, que tras juntar su biblioteca y publicar su filosofía natural no halló otra vía hacia la verdadera sabiduría sin el don extraordinario de la revelación divina

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 114»

«Though Dee confessed that he had been making "special supplications" to the angel Michael from 1569, these requests had failed too.»Harkness data en 1569 el comienzo de las súplicas especiales de Dee al ángel Miguel, según su propia confesión, y consigna que también aquellas peticiones fallaron

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«Dee fell deeper into despair, and might even have contemplated suicide, as is suggested in his resolution "to leave this world presently . . . so, I might in spirit enioye the bottomles fowntayne of all wisdome.»Harkness propone con reserva que Dee cayó en una desesperación tal que pudo contemplar el suicidio, y lo apoya en su resolución de dejar este mundo para gozar en espíritu la fuente insondable de toda sabiduría

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«In 1581, as he began to work with Kelly, Dee was reminded of passages in the Bible that told how God sent his "good angels" to Enoch, Moses, Jacob, Esdras, Daniel, and Tobit, "to instruct them, informe them, help them . . . in worldly and domesticall affaires . . . and sometimes to satisfy theyr desyres, dowtes & questions of thy Secrets.»Harkness data en 1581, al empezar a trabajar con Kelly, el momento en que Dee recordó los pasajes bíblicos sobre los ángeles buenos que Dios envió a Enoc, Moisés, Jacob, Esdras, Daniel y Tobías para instruirlos y satisfacer sus dudas sobre los secretos divinos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 114»

«Because of its biblical antecedents, Dee's showstone allowed him to draw a sharp distinction between his conversations with angels and contemporary magical practices.»Harkness adjudica a los antecedentes bíblicos de la piedra de visión la función de permitir a Dee trazar una distinción tajante entre sus conversaciones con ángeles y las prácticas mágicas de su tiempo

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«Dee could say sincerely that he had "airwaves a great regarde & care to beware of the filthy abuse of such as willingly and wetingly, did invocate and consult diverse sorts [of] Spirituall creatures of the damned sort.»Harkness cita la oración de Dee, donde él declara haber tenido siempre gran cuidado de guardarse del abuso inmundo de quienes de buen grado y a sabiendas invocaban y consultaban criaturas espirituales del linaje condenado

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 115»

«Instead, Dee used "harty prayer" and the skills of scryers like Edward Kelly who were capable of seeing "Spirituall apparitions, in Christalline receptacles, or in open ayre" which harked back to his optics and "archemastrie."»Harkness describe la vía que Dee sí reclamaba para sí, la oración sentida y la destreza de scryers como Kelly capaces de ver apariciones espirituales en receptáculos cristalinos o en el aire abierto, algo que remite a su óptica y a su archemastrie

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 115»

«Finally, Dee discussed the reasons he contacted the angels. First, he wanted to achieve "pure and sownd wisdome and understanding of Asome ofA thy [God's] truths naturall and artificiall.»Harkness registra la primera razón que Dee dio para contactar a los ángeles, alcanzar sabiduría y entendimiento puros y sanos de las verdades naturales y artificiales de Dios

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«Dee's emphasis on "truths naturall and artificiall" is important because it links the contents of his angel conversations to natural philosophy and expresses his confidence that the angels could further those interests.»Harkness subraya el alcance de esa fórmula, que liga el contenido de las conversaciones a la filosofía natural y expresa la confianza de Dee en que los ángeles podían adelantar esos intereses

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«Subsequent remarks indicate that there was yet a deeper purpose underlying the angel conversations: he wanted to communicate with angels so that God's own "wisdome, goodness and powre bestowed in the frame of the world might be browght, in some bowntifull measure under the Talent of my Capacitie.»Harkness señala un propósito más hondo en las observaciones siguientes de Dee, que la sabiduría, bondad y poder de Dios depositados en la fábrica del mundo le fueran dados en alguna medida generosa dentro de su capacidad

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«As this chapter will explain, Dee believed that a reformation of the human sciences and human knowledge was needed to bridge the gap between his expectations and the decayed state of the Book of Nature and natural philosophy.»Harkness anuncia la tesis del capítulo, que Dee creía necesaria una reforma de las ciencias y del conocimiento humanos para cerrar la brecha entre sus expectativas y el estado decaído del Libro de la Naturaleza

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«Agrippa's De incertitudine et vanitate scientiarum discussed the inability of philosophers to reach wisdom through study of the existing arts and sciences.»Harkness sitúa el De incertitudine et vanitate scientiarum de Agrippa como el texto que discute la incapacidad de los filósofos para alcanzar sabiduría estudiando las artes y ciencias existentes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 116»

«Agrippa might have inspired Dee to build Jacob's ladder, and also to climb it and attend to voices teaching "from above," but he was not the only philosopher to help Dee conceptualize his angel conversations.»Harkness acota la deuda con Agrippa: pudo inspirar a Dee a construir la escala de Jacob y a subirla para atender voces de lo alto, pero no fue el único filósofo que le ayudó a concebir las conversaciones

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«Ancient and medieval natural philosophers Dee held in high esteem, such as Roger Bacon and Raymond Lull, had already suggested that a universal science could provide the greatest insights into the problems of natural philosophy.»Harkness recuerda que filósofos naturales antiguos y medievales muy estimados por Dee, como Roger Bacon y Ramon Llull, ya habían propuesto una ciencia universal como mayor entrada a los problemas de la filosofía natural

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«Whereas Bacon posited that a truly universal science must be based on optics and the behavior of light, and Lull felt a system of numbers and letters could clarify and organize the cosmos, Dee looked directly to the incorruptible celestial spheres for the strong foundation of his final attempt to craft a universal science - the angel conversations.»Harkness contrasta las tres apuestas: Bacon fundaba la ciencia universal en la óptica y el comportamiento de la luz, Llull en un sistema de números y letras, y Dee miró directamente a las esferas celestes incorruptibles para su intento final, las conversaciones angelicales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 117»

«What distinguished Dee's angel diaries from other early modern records of experiments involving angels was his familiarity with the traditional literature on angels, his fascination with the power of intermediaries, and his deeply held belief that angels were divine messengers.»Harkness enuncia lo que distingue los diarios angelicales de Dee de otros registros de experimentos con ángeles de la época, su familiaridad con la literatura tradicional sobre ángeles, su fascinación con el poder de los intermediarios y su convicción de que los ángeles eran mensajeros divinos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 118»

«His mastery might have encouraged Dee to write a book on the nature of angels and spirits, now lost, as Dee noted in his personal diary on 7 July 1600 that, "as I lay in my bed, it cam into my fantasy to write a boke, 'De differentiis quibusdam corporum et spirituum.' "»Harkness data el 7 de julio de 1600 la anotación del diario personal donde Dee cuenta que estando en cama se le ocurrió escribir un libro sobre ciertas diferencias entre cuerpos y espíritus, obra hoy perdida

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«Important to Dee's establishment of the angel conversations as a universal science was the long and authoritative biblical history of the role angels played in helping humans to understand God's plan through visionary revelations.»Harkness sostiene que para establecer las conversaciones como ciencia universal pesó la larga y autorizada historia bíblica del papel de los ángeles en ayudar a los hombres a entender el plan de Dios por revelaciones visionarias

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«His most important source was undoubtedly Dionysius the Areopagite, on whom so many other Christian commentators had depended.»Harkness adjudica sin duda a Dionisio Areopagita la fuente más importante de la angelología de Dee, aquella de la que tantos otros comentaristas cristianos dependieron

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«Dee owned the entire Dionysian corpus, including a copy of his complete works with a commentary by Jacques Lefevre DEtaples (Venice, 1556), and an additional copy of De mystica theologica with a commentary by the German mystic Eck (Rome, 1525).»Harkness detalla que Dee poseía el corpus dionisiano entero, con un ejemplar de las obras completas comentado por Jacques Lefèvre d Étaples y otro de la Teología mística comentado por Eck

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«But some contemporary commentaries were missing from Dee's collection, most notably Ficino's much lauded edition of the Dionysian corpus, which had been instrumental in the reintroduction of Platonic ideas into western Europe in the fifteenth century.»Harkness señala la ausencia notable en la colección de Dee, la celebrada edición ficiniana del corpus dionisiano, que había sido decisiva para reintroducir las ideas platónicas en Europa occidental

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«It was Dionysius, for example, who first elaborated the three hierarchical divisions of angels, each containing three separate orders, or choirs, of angels.»Harkness adjudica a Dionisio la primera elaboración de las tres divisiones jerárquicas de los ángeles, cada una con tres órdenes o coros

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«Finally, the angels who ministered to humanity were in the lowest order: the Principalities who guarded over nations, and the Archangels and Angels who delivered messages to humanity.»Harkness describe el orden más bajo, el que ministra a la humanidad, con las Potestades que guardan las naciones y los Arcángeles y Ángeles que llevan mensajes a los hombres

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«The idea that angels (at least angels of the lowest level of the celestial hierarchy) were specifically created to communicate with human beings had a particularly strong appeal to subsequent scholars - so much so that Martin Luther, an opponent of Dionysius's Platonism and Neoplatonic mystical piety, encouraged his followers to "shun like the plague that 'Mystical Theology' of Dionysius and similar books" which "taught that humans can converse and deal with the inscrutable, eternal majesty of God in this mortal, corrupt flesh without mediation.»Harkness consigna la objeción de Martín Lutero, que instaba a sus seguidores a rehuir como la peste la Teología mística de Dionisio y libros semejantes por enseñar que el hombre puede conversar y tratar sin mediación con la majestad eterna e inescrutable de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 122»

«The possibility of direct communication with God was contested during the stormy days of the Reformation.»Harkness sitúa el punto en disputa durante los días tormentosos de la Reforma, la posibilidad de comunicación directa con Dios

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«The importance of angels was magnified by their numerous appearances in the apocalyptic Revelation of John the Divine.»Harkness explica que la importancia de los ángeles se agrandó por sus numerosas apariciones en el Apocalipsis de Juan el Divino

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«Stripped of earthly needs for food and sustenance and free from sinful human desires and impulses, the perfect, orderly lives of the angels provided a stable anchor in the confusion of the Reformation period.»Harkness adjudica a la vida perfecta y ordenada de los ángeles, sin necesidades terrenas ni deseos pecaminosos, la función de ancla estable en la confusión del periodo de la Reforma

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«Many of these roles had been expansively treated in the ancient, Arabic, and Jewish traditions - which only made them more problematic to orthodox Protestants and Catholics.»Harkness señala que muchos de esos papeles venían tratados con amplitud en las tradiciones antigua, árabe y judía, lo que los volvía más problemáticos para protestantes y católicos ortodoxos

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«Still, Dee believed that all members of the hierarchy, both divine and terrestrial, were "fellow workmen for God and a reflection of the workings of God"35 because the hierarchical continuum ensured that all parts of the Book of Nature, high and low, were "as like as possible to God"36»Harkness atribuye a Dee la creencia de que todos los miembros de la jerarquía, divinos y terrestres, son cooperarios de Dios y reflejo de sus obras, porque el continuo jerárquico asegura que todas las partes del Libro de la Naturaleza, altas y bajas, sean lo más semejantes posible a Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 125»

«But the angels of the celestial hierarchy were "images of God in all respects, . . . clear and spotless mirrors reflecting the glow of primordial light and indeed of God himself" whereas human beings were not capable of such perfection.»Harkness marca la diferencia de grado dentro de esa jerarquía: los ángeles son imágenes de Dios en todo respecto, espejos claros y sin mancha del resplandor de la luz primordial, y los hombres no alcanzan tal perfección

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 125»

«Dee's interest in the Dionysian system was significant for his natural philosophy because angels could be linked to the vast web of correspondences that knit the cosmos together.»Harkness adjudica al sistema dionisiano su importancia para la filosofía natural de Dee, porque permite ligar a los ángeles con la vasta red de correspondencias que teje el cosmos

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«Though the exact sources for his elaborations are difficult to trace - most early modern authors drew on a variety of authors for their ideas without citation - there are some notable exceptions where he credits an author or refers to a text.»Harkness declara la dificultad de rastrear las fuentes exactas de esas elaboraciones, porque la mayoría de los autores de la época tomaba ideas de varios autores sin citarlos, y señala como excepciones notables los sitios donde Dee sí acredita a un autor o remite a un texto

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«Occult natural philosophers occupied a special place in Dee's library and in the formation of his angelology, providing him with a synthesis of lore about angels drawn from Islamic, Jewish, and Christian authors.»Harkness adjudica a los filósofos naturales ocultos un lugar especial en la biblioteca de Dee y en la formación de su angelología, por darle una síntesis de la tradición angélica de autores islámicos, judíos y cristianos

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«Dee found the works of another occult philosopher, Agrippa's teacher Johann Trithemius, deeply compelling, and he owned many of the abbot's works.»Harkness registra la fuerza con que atrajeron a Dee las obras de Johann Trithemius, maestro de Agrippa, de quien poseía muchos títulos

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«Dee owned another of Trithemius's works, De septem secundeis (1545), which contained specific information about the angels who governed the planets and argued for an angelically governed periodization of world history.»Harkness describe el De septem secundeis de 1545, que Dee poseía, como fuente de información sobre los ángeles que gobiernan los planetas y como argumento de una periodización de la historia del mundo regida por ángeles

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«In addition, Dee acquired a manuscript copy of Trithemius's Steganographia when he was on the Continent in 1563, believing that it was "so needfull and comodious, as in humayne knowledg [sic], none can be meeter.»Harkness data en 1563, durante una estancia en el continente, la adquisición por Dee de una copia manuscrita de la Steganographia de Trithemius, que tenía por tan necesaria y cómoda que ninguna en el saber humano le parecía más apropiada

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 126»

«The Steganographia introduced a method of long-distance communication based on the seven planets and their guardian angels "according to the tradition of the wise men of old.»Harkness resume el método que la Steganographia proponía, una comunicación a distancia fundada en los siete planetas y sus ángeles guardianes, según la tradición de los sabios antiguos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 126»

«His angelology was not, however, solely based on the work of occult philosophers.»Harkness acota la deuda: la angelología de Dee no se fundaba solamente en la obra de los filósofos ocultos

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«Cardano enjoyed visions and instructions from his personal angel while in prison and remained confident that his angel "was a spirit of power" because some of his visions were witnessed by others.»Harkness registra el caso de Cardano, que gozó de visiones e instrucciones de su ángel personal en prisión y tenía por espíritu de poder a ese ángel porque otros presenciaron algunas de sus visiones

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«Dee's copy of De omnibus rebus naturalibus is heavily annotated in several sections - most noticeably in the two chapters on angels.»Harkness aduce como indicio del interés el ejemplar de Dee del De omnibus rebus naturalibus, muy anotado en varias secciones y sobre todo en los dos capítulos sobre ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 127»

«According to Dee, the angels "have no organs or instruments apt for voyce: but are mere spirituall and nothing corporall: but. . . [they] have the powre and property fro[m] god [sic] to insinuate . . . [their] message or meaning to eare or eye . . . [so] that. . . they here [sic] and see . . . [the angels] sensibly.»Harkness cita a Dee, para quien los ángeles no tienen órganos ni instrumentos aptos para la voz por ser meramente espirituales, y reciben de Dios el poder de insinuar su mensaje al oído o al ojo de modo que se les oiga y se les vea sensiblemente

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 128»

«Dee noted that the angelic intellect was greater and more powerful than the human, and their mental acumen was critical to his rationale for conversing with them.»Harkness registra la razón de fondo que Dee daba para conversar con ellos, que el intelecto angélico es mayor y más poderoso que el humano

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 128»

«This did not mean that the angels knew the Deity completely, or knew about all divine causes and effects, but Dee believed that they did have a mastery over the natural and supernatural worlds.»Harkness acota ese saber angélico: no equivalía a conocer del todo a la Deidad ni todas las causas y efectos divinos, aunque Dee sí les atribuía dominio sobre los mundos natural y sobrenatural

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«Dee took to heart the warnings of scholars, including Trithemius, that no good angels ever appeared in the form of women.»Harkness registra que Dee tomó en serio la advertencia de estudiosos como Trithemius de que ningún ángel bueno se aparece jamás en forma de mujer

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 130»

«Yet the angels' appearance in a form legible to humans represented an abasement: "Angels abase themselves, to pleasure man by theyr instructions," Dee wrote, "when they tak[e] uppon them, or use any sensible evidence of them selves or voyces, etc.»Harkness cita a Dee, que tenía la aparición en forma legible para el hombre por un rebajamiento, pues los ángeles se abajan para complacer al hombre con sus instrucciones cuando toman evidencia sensible de sí mismos o voces

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 130»

«Dee faced a significant problem within his "celestial school": how to recognize the good angelic teachers from the demonic. He relied on visual cues and the angels' appearance for assistance.»Harkness formula el problema práctico de la escuela celeste de Dee, distinguir a los maestros angélicos buenos de los demoníacos, para lo cual se apoyaba en indicios visuales y en la apariencia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 130»

«Dee's ambivalence about female angels caused problems within the "celestial school" when the female angels Madimi and Galuah appeared in the showstone.»Harkness señala que la ambivalencia de Dee ante los ángeles femeninos le trajo problemas cuando Madimi y Galuah aparecieron en la piedra de visión

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 130»

«Dee's move away from observation toward a revealed understanding of the Book of Nature has made problematic the status of the conversations as a form of natural philosophy.»Harkness declara la dificultad que su propio objeto plantea: el paso de Dee de la observación a un entendimiento revelado del Libro de la Naturaleza vuelve problemático el estatuto de las conversaciones como filosofía natural

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«Dee's doubts were thus satisfied that the angels' forms were symbolic images created to assist frail human minds in understanding the mystical and profound truths they offered.»Harkness expone cómo quedaron satisfechas las dudas de Dee, al tener las formas angélicas por imágenes simbólicas creadas para asistir a las frágiles mentes humanas ante verdades místicas y profundas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 131»

«Dee's interest in angels and angelology was fostered by his belief that a more accurate assessment of the Book of Nature would result.»Harkness adjudica el interés de Dee por la angelología a la expectativa de que resultara de ahí una lectura más exacta del Libro de la Naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 131»

«If, as Nicholas Clulee has persuasively argued, "Dee's natural philosophy was based on a theory of astral radiation," then his use of the showstone can be seen as the culmination of his natural philosophy, and quite possibly his "archemastrie."»Harkness condiciona su conclusión a la tesis de Nicholas Clulee, que ella tiene por persuasivamente argumentada, de que la filosofía natural de Dee se fundaba en una teoría de la radiación astral, y de ahí lee el uso de la piedra como culminación de esa filosofía natural

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 132»

«Although many occult practices, including divination, relied on stones or mirrors, Dee's utilization of the showstone was more optically sophisticated.»Harkness distingue el uso de Dee del de otras prácticas ocultas que también recurrían a piedras o espejos, por ser el suyo ópticamente más sofisticado

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 132»

«When crystal stones were used, the manuscripts often mentioned ritualistic preparations such as fumigations or anointing, which Dee did not include in the descriptions of his practices.»Harkness apoya la distinción en una ausencia: los manuscritos que usaban piedras de cristal mencionaban preparativos rituales como fumigaciones o unciones que Dee no incluyó en la descripción de sus prácticas

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«Dee's angel conversations employed the physics and metaphysics of light to lend the authority of natural philosophy and theology to traditional scrying practices and distance his use of the showstone from common forms of divination.»Harkness sostiene que las conversaciones de Dee emplearon la física y la metafísica de la luz para prestar autoridad de filosofía natural y de teología a la práctica tradicional de la scrying y alejar su piedra de las formas comunes de adivinación

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 133»

«Though the mention of Dee's angel conversations may conjure in our minds the image of darkened rooms and the curtained trappings of a Victorian seance, the vast majority of angel conversations took place after sunrise and before sunset - although a brightly shining sun in England or northern Europe might have been too much to expect.»Harkness corrige la imagen recibida de cuartos oscuros y cortinajes de sesión victoriana: la enorme mayoría de las conversaciones ocurrió después de la salida del sol y antes de la puesta, aunque un sol brillante en Inglaterra o el norte de Europa fuera mucho pedir

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 134»

«Most important, however, prayer offered Dee a method of communication with the occult forces of the Book of Nature that did not - technically, at least - resort to invocation or the binding of spirits.»Harkness formula con su reserva el punto decisivo, que la oración ofrecía a Dee un modo de comunicarse con las fuerzas ocultas del Libro de la Naturaleza que, al menos técnicamente, no recurría a la invocación ni a la ligadura de espíritus

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 134»

«Calling upon God through prayer and summoning spiritual agencies through magical invocation are technically distinct, although the passage of time has made them less so.»Harkness mantiene la distinción técnica entre llamar a Dios por oración y convocar agencias espirituales por invocación mágica, y advierte que el paso del tiempo la ha ido borrando

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 135»

«In magical invocation, on the other hand, the practitioner subverts the hierarchical arrangement of the cosmos by asserting his or her will over a spirit and, through a subsequent binding spell, controlling a spirit's actions.»Harkness define la invocación mágica por lo contrario de la oración, porque en ella el practicante subvierte el orden jerárquico del cosmos imponiendo su voluntad sobre un espíritu y controlando sus actos con una ligadura

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 135»

«Dee would have argued that his conversations with angels involved no hint of invocation but employed only prayer and his devout subjection to God's will and purposes.»Harkness reconstruye lo que Dee habría alegado, que en sus conversaciones no había asomo de invocación sino solo oración y devota sujeción a la voluntad y los propósitos de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 135»

«Dee had been sensitive to charges of conjuring and invocation since 1547, when he was alleged to have commanded spiritual agencies in a production of Aristophanes' Pax at Cambridge University.»Harkness data en 1547 el origen de la sensibilidad de Dee ante las acusaciones de conjuro, cuando se dijo que había mandado sobre agencias espirituales en una representación de la Paz de Aristófanes en Cambridge

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 136»

«Many modern scholars, following the lead of Frances Yates, see Marsilio Ficino's revival of the Hermetic corpus as the pivotal moment in the development of early modern magic.»Harkness registra la lectura dominante, la de muchos estudiosos modernos que siguen a Frances Yates en ver el rescate ficiniano del corpus hermético como el momento pivote de la magia de la temprana modernidad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 136»

«Whenever scholars have tried to classify Dee's angel conversations, they have quickly discovered that no single category such as Hermeticism can contain them.»Harkness sostiene que ninguna categoría única, ni siquiera el hermetismo, alcanza a contener las conversaciones angelicales, como han descubierto pronto quienes han intentado clasificarlas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 137»

«The conversations were explicitly separated from the Hermetic tradition, as the angels told Dee, in an allusion to Moses' contest with Pharoah's magicians in Exodus 7:9-13, that the "Arts of the Egyptian Magicians" seemed to be powerful but were not.»Harkness aduce la separación explícita que los propios ángeles marcaron ante Dee, aludiendo al pleito de Moisés con los magos del faraón, al decirle que las artes de los magos egipcios parecían poderosas y no lo eran

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 137»

«Dee never contacted the devil or made any sort of pact exchanging his soul for information, so it is impossible to consider the angel conversations a form of black magic.»Harkness descarta la magia negra por una ausencia documental: Dee nunca contactó al diablo ni hizo pacto alguno de cambiar su alma por información

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 137»

«Though logically flawless, Giuntini's opinion was not shared by most of his contemporaries - especially in regard to necromancy, or conjuring with the dead, which remained the most objectionable form of magic in the early modern period.»Harkness consigna el desacuerdo sin armonizarlo: la opinión de Giuntini, impecable en lógica, no era compartida por la mayoría de sus contemporáneos, sobre todo en materia de nigromancia, la forma de magia más objetable de la época

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 138»

«Giuntini went on to argue that magical abilities, if acquired through study or from a good angel, were completely unobjectionable no matter what their form or function.»Harkness expone la posición de Giuntini, para quien las habilidades mágicas adquiridas por estudio o de un ángel bueno resultaban del todo irreprochables, cualquiera que fuese su forma o su función

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 138»

«Dee and his contemporaries drew fine - sometimes very fine - distinctions between magic, religion, and natural philosophy in an attempt to relieve the tensions among them.»Harkness describe el trabajo de deslinde de Dee y sus contemporáneos, que trazaban distinciones finas, a veces finísimas, entre magia, religión y filosofía natural para aliviar la tensión entre ellas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 138»

«Sir Walter Raleigh drew on Plato to argue that the "art of magic is the art of worshipping God.»Harkness cita a Sir Walter Raleigh, que apoyado en Platón sostenía que el arte de la magia es el arte de adorar a Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 139»

«Dee emphasized in his copy of Azalus's encyclopedia that with the use of techniques such as prayer it was possible to communicate with angels without committing the sin of conjuring.»Harkness aduce lo que Dee subrayó en su ejemplar de la enciclopedia de Azalus, que con técnicas como la oración era posible comunicarse con ángeles sin cometer el pecado de conjurar

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 139»

«There is no sense in the angel diaries that the angels were called to do Dee's bidding; they were present at the command of God to do His will.»Harkness declara lo que los diarios angelicales no muestran, ningún indicio de que los ángeles fueran llamados a hacer la voluntad de Dee, pues estaban presentes por mandato de Dios para hacer la suya

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 139»

«Even Meric Casaubon acknowledged, in his preface to A True and Faithful Relation, that Dee "could express himself very fluently and earnestly in Prayer," and that Dee's complete faith in God was impeccable - it was the godliness of his scryers that was in doubt.»Harkness registra el reconocimiento que hasta Meric Casaubon hizo en su prefacio a A True and Faithful Relation, que Dee oraba con fluidez y ahínco y su fe en Dios era impecable, y que lo dudoso era la piedad de sus scryers

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 139»

«Dee showed himself, in this respect at least, very much a Protestant, for he did not direct his prayers to intercessory agents, such as the angels or the saints.»Harkness adjudica a Dee un rasgo protestante en este punto, no dirigir sus oraciones a agentes intercesores como los ángeles o los santos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 140»

«Reformed prayer was necessary because, like everything else in the Book of Nature, prayer had deteriorated since the time when the descendants of Adam and Eve first petitioned God.»Harkness explica la necesidad de una oración reformada por el mismo deterioro que afecta a todo lo demás: también la oración se había degradado desde que los descendientes de Adán y Eva peticionaron a Dios por primera vez

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 141»

«These prayers, "instituted of old by men of truth, especially those ordained to God and to the angels . . . are able to retain their original virtue.»Harkness cita el matiz de Roger Bacon, que sostenía que las oraciones instituidas antiguamente por hombres de verdad, y sobre todo las ordenadas a Dios y a los ángeles, conservan su virtud original

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 141»

«The faulty interpretation of those responses was a real problem, however; humans often failed to "read God" correctly, as His responses were protected by layers of encoding and symbolism.»Harkness señala el problema de la lectura: los hombres fallaban a menudo en leer a Dios correctamente, porque sus respuestas iban protegidas por capas de cifrado y simbolismo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 141»

«Because of the moral Fall, once perfect lines of communication between heaven and earth had deteriorated and God had to reveal His answers to prayers in signs rather than speech.»Harkness deriva ese cifrado de la Caída moral, tras la cual las líneas antes perfectas entre cielo y tierra se deterioraron y Dios hubo de revelar sus respuestas en signos y no en habla

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 141»

«Michael told Dee that, without invoking the name of God, angels could do nothing in the terrestrial world, and that "The key of Prayer openeth all things."»Harkness cita la locución del ángel Miguel, transcrita por Dee, según la cual sin invocar el nombre de Dios los ángeles nada pueden en el mundo terrestre, y la llave de la oración abre todas las cosas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 142»

«Dee and his associates were instructed to share a "Conjunction of myndes in prayer" to communicate with God and receive angelic revelations.»Harkness registra la instrucción angélica de que Dee y sus asociados compartieran una conjunción de mentes en la oración para comunicarse con Dios y recibir revelaciones

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 142»

«Dee frequently used one or more of the Psalms in the angel conversations, for example, and was told by the angel Uriel to use the seven penitential psalms to communicate with Michael.»Harkness consigna el uso frecuente de los Salmos en las conversaciones y la indicación del ángel Uriel de emplear los siete salmos penitenciales para comunicarse con Miguel

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 142»

«Dee was told not to engage in angel conversations on Sundays, to pray continually, wait for the time when God would "stir" him to conversation, and consider astrological influences on the conversations.»Harkness enumera el resto del régimen que se le indicó, no conversar en domingo, orar de continuo, aguardar el momento en que Dios lo moviera a conversación y atender a las influencias astrológicas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 142»

«Agrippa emphasized that successful occult practices were based on a strong sense of faith rather than adherence to a grimoire or set of magical precepts.»Harkness aduce a Agrippa, que fundaba el éxito de las prácticas ocultas en un fuerte sentido de fe y no en la sujeción a un grimorio o a un conjunto de preceptos mágicos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 143»

«Faith distanced the natural philosopher from the perils of the world, and Agrippa reminded his readers that trusting too much in nature rather than in God was a sure way to communicate with bad demons instead of good angels.»Harkness añade el reverso que Agrippa advertía a sus lectores, que confiar demasiado en la naturaleza y no en Dios era vía segura para comunicarse con demonios malos en lugar de ángeles buenos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 143»

«Dee emphasized his role as the "common advocate" for the group, serving his associates as a Catholic priest would serve a congregation, voicing the wishes and desires of the entire group before God.»Harkness describe el papel que Dee se atribuía en el grupo, el de abogado común que sirve a sus asociados como un sacerdote católico a su congregación, dando voz ante Dios a los deseos de todos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 143»

«Dee would not have considered his angel conversations a "magical" practice.»Harkness adjudica a Dee la negativa a llamar magia a lo suyo: él no habría considerado sus conversaciones angelicales una práctica mágica

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 145»

«Dee's last universal science, his angel conversations, was thus more than an attempt to provide a unified basis for natural philosophy.»Harkness resume el alcance de esa última ciencia universal, que fue más que un intento de dar base unificada a la filosofía natural

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 145»

«In Dee's later conversations the tension between Catholic and Protestant traditions indicates his belief that the angel conversations signaled a new program of religious reform that would unite the religious factions of Europe.»Harkness lee la tensión entre tradiciones católica y protestante en las conversaciones tardías como indicio de que Dee las tenía por señal de un nuevo programa de reforma religiosa que uniría las facciones religiosas de Europa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 144»

«While Dee silently prayed, the rest of the participants waited for the angels' revelations.»Harkness precisa el reparto de la práctica: mientras Dee oraba en silencio, los demás participantes aguardaban las revelaciones de los ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 144»

«It is true that he would not have satisfied a strict early modern criterion for orthodoxy - his interest in the cabala alone would have raised eyebrows - for he had a broader conception of what devotion to God involved.»Harkness admite el punto que juega en contra, que Dee no habría satisfecho un criterio estricto de ortodoxia de la época, pues su solo interés por la cábala habría levantado cejas, por tener una concepción más ancha de lo que es devoción a Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 145»

«But the angel conversations also reflected the cosmology of his time, especially the late sixteenth-century conviction that the end of the world was at hand.»Harkness añade al interés intelectual propio de Dee un segundo factor, que las conversaciones reflejan la cosmología de su tiempo y sobre todo la convicción de fines del siglo XVI de que el fin del mundo era inminente

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 148»

«When Dee began contacting the angels around 1569, European scholars and theologians believed they were caught up in the midst of events prophesied in the Bible's Book of Revelations that would ultimately turn the final page of the Book of Nature.»Harkness data alrededor de 1569 el inicio del contacto de Dee con los ángeles y sitúa a eruditos y teólogos europeos convencidos de estar viviendo los sucesos profetizados en el Apocalipsis que darían vuelta la última página del Libro de la Naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 148»

«Although earthly corruptions were further proof of the decay of the Book of Nature, Dee's contemporaries found the celestial changes more alarming.»Harkness jerarquiza las alarmas de los contemporáneos de Dee: las corrupciones terrestres probaban la decadencia del Libro de la Naturaleza, pero los cambios celestes les resultaban más alarmantes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 149»

«In 1580 Francis Shakelton consulted natural philosophers and discovered that "the constitution of the celestiall worlde, is not the same that it hath been in tymes paste, for so much as the Sunne, is not so farre distant from us now, as it hath been heretofore.»Harkness data en 1580 la consulta de Francis Shakelton a filósofos naturales, de la que salió que la constitución del mundo celeste no es la que fue antaño, pues el sol no dista ya tanto de nosotros como antes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 149»

«Though a natural philosopher's interest in the end of the world may seem puzzling to us, Robin Barnes points out that apocalypticism and natural philosophy were often linked in the early modern period because people believed that both nature and the end of nature were instrumental in God's plan for the cosmos.»Harkness adjudica a Robin Barnes la explicación de que apocalipticismo y filosofía natural se ligaran a menudo en la temprana modernidad, por creerse que tanto la naturaleza como su fin eran instrumentos del plan de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 150»

«Barnes does not find it surprising, therefore, that scholars interested in establishing a universal science and reviving the traditions of ancient wisdom held eschatological and prophetic beliefs.»Harkness recoge la consecuencia que Barnes extrae, que no sorprende que quienes buscaban una ciencia universal y el rescate de la sabiduría antigua sostuvieran creencias escatológicas y proféticas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 150»

«Dee's Propaedeumata aphoristica, his Monas hieroglyphica, and his "Mathematical Preface" all attempted to reform and redirect natural philosophy through a new universal science, but they fell short of reaching the top rungs of the ladder to the heavens.»Harkness mide el saldo de las obras previas de Dee: la Propaedeumata aphoristica, la Monas hieroglyphica y la Mathematical Preface intentaron reformar y reorientar la filosofía natural con una nueva ciencia universal, y se quedaron cortas de los peldaños más altos de la escala

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 151»

«Communicating his angelic revelations to a wider audience was one of Dee's more problematic responsibilities, but he took it seriously and turned his attention to the angels for further information about the End of Days.»Harkness señala como una de las responsabilidades más espinosas de Dee la de comunicar sus revelaciones angélicas a un público más amplio, y añade que la tomó en serio

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 151»

«The lines dividing apocalypticism, prophecy, and eschatology were never so clearly demarcated as is suggested here, but it is important to distinguish among them because the distinctions can help us to understand why Dee was initially "well received" by monarchs and church officials yet later turned away when his angelic revelations became increasingly apocalyptic.»Harkness advierte que las líneas entre apocalipticismo, profecía y escatología nunca estuvieron tan bien trazadas como su exposición sugiere, y aun así insiste en distinguirlas para entender por qué a Dee lo recibieron bien monarcas y autoridades y después le dieron la espalda al volverse apocalípticas sus revelaciones

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 152»

«The angels revealed two new natural philosophical tools for Dee's use: an exegetical tool (the cabala of nature, discussed in Chapter 5) and a redemptive tool (the medicine of God, discussed in Chapter 6).»Harkness nombra las dos herramientas nuevas que los ángeles revelaron a Dee, una exegética, la cábala de la naturaleza, y otra redentora, la medicina de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 151»

«Apocalypses were usually communicated to the world through prophets, as in the case of Girolamo Savonarola.»Harkness señala que los apocalipsis solían comunicarse al mundo por medio de profetas, como en el caso de Girolamo Savonarola

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 152»

«An apocalypse was a particular genre of speculation about the final days whose authors claimed to have received a direct revelation from a divine agency - either God, an angel, or a saint.»Harkness define el apocalipsis como género particular de especulación sobre los días finales, cuyos autores decían haber recibido revelación directa de una agencia divina, Dios, un ángel o un santo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 152»

«Eschatologists like Gabriel Harvey who commented on natural disasters claimed no privileged and direct line of communication from God but instead pointed out the importance of natural signs.»Harkness distingue a los escatologistas como Gabriel Harvey, que al comentar los desastres naturales no reclamaban línea directa y privilegiada con Dios sino que señalaban la importancia de los signos naturales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 153»

«Ludovico Guicciardini noted that Regiomontanus "speaketh more at large than the rest" about the eschatological significance of 1588, explaining that "if the wicked worlde shall not perishe, and the sea and Earth bee brought to nothing, at least governementes of kingdomes shall be turned upside downe, and there shall be great lamentation in all places.»Harkness cita a Ludovico Guicciardini, que veía a Regiomontano hablar más largo que los demás sobre el sentido escatológico de 1588, con reinos trastocados y gran lamentación por todas partes aunque el mundo no pereciera

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 154»

«Sheltco a Geveren's Of the Ende of this Worlde, and the Seconde Commyng of Christ, for example, was quickly translated by Thomas Rogers from its original Dutch into English and reprinted in London five times between 1577 and 1589.»Harkness mide la difusión de esa literatura por un caso: el tratado de Sheltco a Geveren sobre el fin del mundo se tradujo pronto del neerlandés al inglés y se reimprimió cinco veces en Londres entre 1577 y 1589

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 153»

«At the Fifth Lateran Council convened in 1512, the Church officially renounced the popular enthusiasm for eschatological speculations that were being printed, circulated, and discussed by those outside its authority.»Harkness data en el concilio de Letrán de 1512 la renuncia oficial de la Iglesia al entusiasmo popular por las especulaciones escatológicas que circulaban fuera de su autoridad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 154»

«Regiomontanus had been especially influential in raising popular consciousness about the potential import of 1588.»Harkness adjudica a Regiomontano una influencia especial en levantar la conciencia popular sobre la importancia potencial de 1588

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 154»

«the Catholic church was unable to control the spread of prophetic messages and guide their interpretation.»Harkness constata el resultado, que la iglesia católica no pudo controlar la difusión de los mensajes proféticos ni guiar su interpretación

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 154»

«Dee's angelic teachers focused on the year 1588 as the beginning of the eschaton, although they adopted an air of mystery about the precise date after 1588 came and went without serious incident.»Harkness registra que los maestros angélicos de Dee fijaron 1588 como inicio del eschaton y que, pasado el año sin incidente grave, adoptaron un aire de misterio sobre la fecha precisa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 155»

«Some of the angels' prophecies proved to be eerily accurate, however.»Harkness consigna el otro lado del balance, que algunas profecías de los ángeles resultaron inquietantemente exactas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 155»

«Dee understood the angels to mean that the first period "at Noes flud ended, the second [began] at Christ his first coming and this is the third.»Harkness registra la interpretación que Dee hizo de la locución angélica, que el primer periodo acabó con el diluvio de Noé, el segundo empezó con la primera venida de Cristo y éste es el tercero

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 155»

«The angels explained that their revelations put him on a speedier path toward restitution than others, a path that represented "new worldes, new peoples, new kings, & new knowledge of a new Government.»Harkness cita la explicación de los ángeles de que sus revelaciones ponían a Dee en una vía más rápida hacia la restitución, vía de nuevos mundos, nuevos pueblos, nuevos reyes y nuevo conocimiento de un nuevo gobierno

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 156»

«This degree of specificity was fraught with potential disaster, for Dee could be seen as a false prophet or a poor natural philosopher incapable of deciphering eschatological signs if the events did not unfold as predicted.»Harkness señala el riesgo que esa precisión traía consigo, que Dee pasara por falso profeta o por mal filósofo natural incapaz de descifrar los signos escatológicos si los hechos no se cumplían

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 155»

«The angels tended to be more poetic and less specific in their description of the Book of Nature's decay.»Harkness contrasta los dos registros y señala que los ángeles solían ser más poéticos y menos específicos que Dee al describir la decadencia del Libro de la Naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 155»

«Then, according to Dee, "that particular thyng shalbe Discreated"17 Dee's treatise contained explanations not only of how things came to be but also of how parts of the natural world could cease to be, providing a natural-philosophic foundation for biblical prophecies about the end of the world.»Harkness lee el tratado de Dee como fundamento de filosofía natural para las profecías bíblicas del fin del mundo, porque explica no solo cómo llegaron a ser las cosas sino cómo partes del mundo natural pueden dejar de ser

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 157»

«Unfortunately, Dee stopped his explanation there, being reluctant to place too much confidence in the abilities of human beings adrift in "these our drery dayes" to grasp the significance of his arcane ideas.»Harkness señala que Dee detuvo ahí su explicación, reacio a confiar demasiado en la capacidad de hombres a la deriva en aquellos días sombríos para captar sus ideas arcanas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 157»

«Yet there is a tone of cautious optimism in the Monas hieroglyphica, his pessimism tempered by his faith that a natural philosopher did not have to sit passively by and watch the world fall apart around him.»Harkness matiza el pesimismo de la Monas hieroglyphica con un tono de cauto optimismo, templado por la fe de Dee en que el filósofo natural no tenía por qué quedarse mirando cómo el mundo se caía a pedazos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 157»

«Instead, he argued that it was the decline of the cosmos which had placed European astronomers and theologians at a disadvantage.»Harkness adjudica a Dee un fundamento propio para la reforma del calendario, que no era la mejora del cálculo humano sino la decadencia del cosmos, que ponía en desventaja a astrónomos y teólogos europeos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 158»

«He noted a change in the declination of the sun since the time of Christ, when "yt was very nere 24 prime mynutes of a Degree more Northerly, and Southerly then now it is.»Harkness registra el dato que Dee aducía, un cambio en la declinación del sol desde el tiempo de Cristo, cuando estaba casi veinticuatro minutos de grado más al norte y al sur que ahora

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 158»

«Dee believed that restoring the calendar by bringing observations of the heavens in line with other calculations was one way for a natural philosopher to ensure that astronomical phenomena would correspond to God's revelations in the Bible.»Harkness explica la meta de esa reforma, que restituir el calendario alineando las observaciones del cielo con los demás cálculos aseguraba que los fenómenos astronómicos correspondieran a las revelaciones de Dios en la Biblia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 159»

«Dee grieved that "her Matie will not re forme it in the best terms of Veritie.»Harkness cita la queja de Dee de que su majestad no la reformara en los mejores términos de verdad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 159»

«The angels encouraged him to turn from Elizabeth I and her court, and to focus on other potential patrons in Europe who would be more receptive to his reformatory aims.»Harkness registra que los ángeles lo animaron a apartarse de Isabel I y su corte y a buscar otros patrones en Europa más receptivos a sus fines reformadores

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 159»

«Dee's faith in his angelic protectors gave him the confidence to record and voice their divine revelations, which made him unlike other eschatologists in Protestant countries during the sixteenth century.»Harkness adjudica a la fe de Dee en sus protectores angélicos la confianza para registrar y proclamar aquellas revelaciones, y sitúa ahí lo que lo apartaba de los demás escatologistas de países protestantes del siglo XVI

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 159»

«In fact, not many Protestants in the sixteenth century claimed to have heard God speak to them in any fashion, direct or otherwise: although claims of direct revelatory experience became widespread in the seventeenth century, Protestants had not yet embraced this possibility in Dee's lifetime.»Harkness data el cambio: pocos protestantes del siglo XVI decían haber oído hablar a Dios de manera alguna, y aunque las declaraciones de experiencia revelatoria directa se generalizaron en el XVII, en vida de Dee los protestantes aún no abrazaban esa posibilidad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 160»

«Dee claimed to know, with divine certainty, the precise month and year in which miraculous events would occur.»Harkness precisa hasta dónde llegaba la pretensión de Dee, que decía saber con certeza divina el mes y el año precisos en que ocurrirían los sucesos milagrosos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 160»

«Dee should have known better from personal experience than to mix predictions with matters of state, as he had once been imprisoned for casting Queen Mary of England's horoscope.»Harkness señala que la experiencia propia debió advertirle de no mezclar predicciones con asuntos de estado, pues ya había estado preso por levantar el horóscopo de la reina María de Inglaterra

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 161»

«Dee embarked upon his potentially dangerous prophetic activity because he believed himself heir to the prophetic biblical tradition of Enoch, Elias, Esdras, and John the Divine.»Harkness explica que Dee emprendió una actividad profética peligrosa porque se creía heredero de la tradición bíblica de Enoc, Elías, Esdras y Juan el Divino

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 161»

«Each prophet enjoyed privileged communication with God or angels that resulted in a certain knowledge of the world as it was, or the world as it was to be after God's last judgment.»Harkness define lo común a esos profetas, una comunicación privilegiada con Dios o con ángeles que daba conocimiento cierto del mundo tal como era o como sería tras el juicio final

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 161»

«To Dee, the greatest knowledge that Enoch possessed was his special, postlapsarian ability to read the Book of Nature.»Harkness precisa qué apreciaba Dee sobre todo en Enoc, su capacidad postlapsaria y singular de leer el Libro de la Naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 162»

«Elias's association with the final days also meant that his return was one of the eagerly awaited signs that the eschaton was near.»Harkness señala que la asociación de Elías con los días finales convertía su regreso en uno de los signos ansiosamente esperados de que el eschaton estaba cerca

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 163»

«Paracelsus linked the figure of Elias artista to his belief in a Utopian future for the world that would restore both the Book of Nature and humanity.»Harkness liga la figura de Elías artista en Paracelso a su creencia en un futuro utópico que restauraría a la vez el Libro de la Naturaleza y a la humanidad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 163»

«Before Utopia could be achieved, however, Elias artista must return so that, through him, God could "reveal much that is strange, much that has not yet been uncovered and revealed to us, things of which we are all ignorant."»Harkness expone la condición que Paracelso ponía, que antes de la utopía debía volver Elías artista para que por él revelara Dios mucho de lo extraño y no descubierto que todos ignoramos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 163»

«Guillaume Postel (i5io?-i58i) was also fascinated by the prophet; indeed, evidence suggests that he believed that he himself was Elias artista.»Harkness registra la fascinación de Guillaume Postel por el mismo profeta y añade que hay indicios de que se creyó él mismo Elías artista

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 163»

«Dee did not limit his audience to Protestants or Catholics, but believed that the prophecies were "to be (by us) published . . . all the World over."»Harkness señala que Dee no limitó su público a protestantes ni a católicos, pues tenía las profecías por algo que debían publicarse por todo el mundo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 164»

«Instead of choosing between Catholic and Protestant faiths the angels told Dee that an alternative course was open to him: the establishment of a new, angelically revealed universal religion that would accompany his universally applicable natural philosophy.»Harkness expone la salida que los ángeles le ofrecieron en lugar de elegir entre las fes católica y protestante, establecer una religión universal nueva revelada por ángeles que acompañara a su filosofía natural universalmente aplicable

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 164»

«the angels did not endorse Catholicism completely and made a special point of berating the clergy "that inhabit the holy City, and usurp the authority of the Highest.»Harkness acota el sesgo de esas locuciones: los ángeles no respaldaban del todo al catolicismo y se detenían a reprender al clero que habita la ciudad santa y usurpa la autoridad del Altísimo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 165»

«His religious reformation, on the other hand, promised a return to a truly universal faith that would include the Jews and Muslims as well as Catholics and Protestants.»Harkness resume el alcance de la reforma religiosa que Dee prometía, un retorno a una fe verdaderamente universal que incluyera a judíos y musulmanes tanto como a católicos y protestantes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 165»

«The other recipients were the two preeminent Catholic powers in Europe: Philip II of Spain and the pope.»Harkness lee el reparto del tratado como signo de esa posición sin bando, pues entre los destinatarios estaban las dos potencias católicas preeminentes de Europa, Felipe II de España y el papa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 165»

«Dee continued to search for a sponsor for his conversion strategies throughout the period of the angel conversations.»Harkness señala que Dee siguió buscando patrocinador para sus estrategias de conversión durante todo el periodo de las conversaciones angelicales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 166»

«Neither Elizabeth nor Philip expressed any interest in his plans for religious conversion, but Dee was more successful in convincing Count Laski, who actually took part in the conversations, to accept his plans to unify the world under a single faith.»Harkness contrasta las respuestas: ni Isabel ni Felipe mostraron interés alguno en sus planes de conversión religiosa, y en cambio el conde Laski, que participaba en las conversaciones, aceptó el plan de unificar el mundo bajo una sola fe

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 166»

«The tenets of the angelically revealed, "true" reformed religion represent a fascinating combination of Catholic and Protestant doctrines that promised to reconcile all religious factions of the early modern period.»Harkness caracteriza los principios de esa religión reformada revelada por ángeles como una combinación de doctrinas católicas y protestantes que prometía reconciliar todas las facciones religiosas de la temprana modernidad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 166»

«What this religious compromise actually meant, of course, was that Dee's new religion pleased no one.»Harkness saca la consecuencia práctica de aquel compromiso religioso, que la nueva religión de Dee no complació a nadie

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 167»

«The angelic doctrine endorsed the power of prayer, for example - a dominant feature of Protestant theology - while reporting the dire consequences that had befallen Luther, Calvin, "and all that have erred, and willfully runne astray" from true Catholic church.»Harkness detalla la mezcla: la doctrina angélica respaldaba el poder de la oración, rasgo dominante de la teología protestante, y a la vez reportaba las consecuencias funestas caídas sobre Lutero, Calvino y cuantos erraron y se descarriaron con voluntad de la verdadera iglesia católica

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 167»

«While the Roman Catholic church deserved Dee's loyalty, the pope did not; because the authority of the angels far outweighed that of the pope, Dee was told to consult only with the angels for spiritual advice and counsel.»Harkness precisa el deslinde que se le indicó a Dee, que la iglesia romana merecía su lealtad pero el papa no, porque la autoridad de los ángeles pesaba mucho más y solo a ellos debía consultar en materia espiritual

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 167»

«Dee and Kelly actually partook of the Catholic mass while they were in Prague.»Harkness registra que Dee y Kelly comulgaron en la misa católica durante su estancia en Praga

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 167»

«The angels, once again, crafted an admirable middle course between Catholic and Protestant views on the subject that enabled Dee to take part in the Catholic ceremony while maintaining his role as the prophet of a new, universal religion that would also be acceptable to Protestants.»Harkness adjudica a los ángeles una vía media entre las posiciones católica y protestante que permitía a Dee participar en la ceremonia católica sin dejar de ser el profeta de una religión universal nueva aceptable también para protestantes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 168»

«Dee was neither a Catholic nor a Protestant, but was following his own religious convictions, which he believed might heal the deep divisions of Western Christianity and convert nonbelievers to the true faith.»Harkness adjudica a Dee una posición fuera de los dos bandos, ni católico ni protestante, siguiendo convicciones propias que a su juicio podían sanar las divisiones hondas de la cristiandad occidental

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 169»

«Any definitive association between Dee and the Familists will probably remain conjectural, but there are striking similarities between his angelic religion and Familism with its emphasis on revelation, universality, and communication.»Harkness declara conjetural cualquier asociación definitiva entre Dee y los familistas, y aun así apunta semejanzas notables entre su religión angélica y el familismo por su énfasis en la revelación, la universalidad y la comunicación

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 169»

«Because Familists believed that religious and civil harmony should exist, they were allowed to adopt the official state religion of any country, as long as they adhered to the beliefs of Familism in their hearts.»Harkness explica la práctica familista de adoptar la religión oficial de cualquier país, permitida mientras se guardaran en el corazón las creencias del familismo, por su idea de que debe haber armonía religiosa y civil

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 170»

«The reformer of Emden was related to Count Laski, a key member of Dee's colloquium of angels, and the association between the count and his reforming uncle might have helped to consolidate Laski's prominent position in the angels' revelations concerning the new religion.»Harkness señala el parentesco entre el reformador de Emden y el conde Laski, miembro clave del coloquio de ángeles, y propone que ese vínculo con su tío reformador pudo consolidar la posición prominente de Laski en las revelaciones sobre la nueva religión

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 170»

«Dee did not adhere to any of the many religions present in Europe during the sixteenth century.»Harkness sostiene que Dee no se adhirió a ninguna de las muchas religiones presentes en la Europa del siglo XVI

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 171»

«In his eyes, no religious doctrine was infallible except for that espoused by the angels, which promised to restore religion to a central doctrine revealed by God and capable of unifying many faiths into a single faith.»Harkness formula el criterio de Dee: ninguna doctrina religiosa era infalible salvo la sostenida por los ángeles, que prometía devolver la religión a una doctrina central revelada por Dios y capaz de unificar muchas fes en una sola

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 171»

«Dee's own role in the perfection of nature, however, would depend upon his mastery of the divine language of creation and a new exegetical tool, "the true cabala of nature."»Harkness condiciona el papel de Dee en la perfección de la naturaleza a dos dominios, el de la lengua divina de la creación y el de una herramienta exegética nueva, la verdadera cábala de la naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 171»

«Yet the moral fall of humanity and the decay of the natural world had rendered the Book of Nature illegible and beyond comprehension.»Harkness expone el obstáculo: la caída moral de la humanidad y la decadencia del mundo natural habían vuelto el Libro de la Naturaleza ilegible e incomprensible

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 172»

«As Nalvage told Dee, "all things grew contrary to their creation and nature," which made God withdraw from the world, because "the Elements are defiled, the sons of men [are] wicked, their bodies [have] become dunghills."»Harkness cita la locución del ángel Nalvage, transcrita por Dee, según la cual todo creció contrario a su creación y naturaleza, por lo que Dios se retiró del mundo con los elementos mancillados y los hombres hechos malvados

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 172»

«The cabala of nature enabled Dee to have both wisdom (a revealed gift) and knowledge (an acquired understanding of the complexities of the created world).»Harkness distingue los dos rendimientos que la cábala de la naturaleza daba a Dee, la sabiduría como don revelado y el conocimiento como entendimiento adquirido de las complejidades del mundo creado

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 173»

«Dee referred to the language as the "celestial speech," the "language of the angels," the "speech of angels," the "speech of God," and the "language of Adam."»Harkness enumera los nombres con que Dee llamaba a esa lengua, habla celestial, lengua de los ángeles, habla de los ángeles, habla de Dios y lengua de Adán

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 173»

«After Adam sinned, his mastery of the divine language was lost along with his ability to communicate with the Book of Nature and God.»Harkness fija la pérdida en el pecado de Adán, con el que se fue su dominio de la lengua divina junto con su capacidad de comunicarse con el Libro de la Naturaleza y con Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 174»

«Others adhered to a more cataclysmic mechanism to explain humanity's loss of the divine language, suggesting that either Noah's flood or the destruction of the Tower of Babel had erased God's language from the earth.»Harkness consigna la explicación rival, más cataclísmica, que atribuía la pérdida de la lengua divina al diluvio de Noé o a la destrucción de la torre de Babel

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 174»

«Most of the scholars Dee consulted, including Johannes Reuchlin, thought that the likeliest candidates were the three biblical languages (Hebrew, Greek, and Latin), with Hebrew at the forefront.»Harkness registra la posición mayoritaria entre los estudiosos que Dee consultaba, incluido Reuchlin, que veían como candidatas más probables las tres lenguas bíblicas, con el hebreo a la cabeza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 175»

«Agrippa agreed with Postel, calling the Hebrew alphabet "the foundation of the world," and explaining in his De occulta philosophia how every creature and language in the world was related to the divine language through Hebrew.»Harkness registra la coincidencia de Agrippa con Postel, que llamaba al alfabeto hebreo fundamento del mundo y explicaba en el De occulta philosophia cómo toda criatura y toda lengua se relacionan con la lengua divina a través del hebreo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 175»

«With his "greater language" Adam partook of the spirit of God, knew all things in the created world, spoke of them properly, named them correctly, and conversed with God and the angels.»Harkness describe lo que Adán podía con su lengua mayor, participar del espíritu de Dios, conocer todo lo creado, hablar de ello con propiedad, nombrarlo correctamente y conversar con Dios y los ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 175»

«Unlike the divine language, however, the language contained in the Book of Soyga was used after the Fall, and it continued to be used until the destruction of the "Ayrie Tower" - the Tower of Babel.»Harkness distingue la lengua del Libro de Soyga de la lengua divina por su uso: aquélla se empleó después de la Caída y siguió empleándose hasta la destrucción de la torre aérea, la de Babel

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 176»

«Adam was the key figure in the angels' discussions of the divine language because he had used the language to name all the creatures in the garden, bestowing true and essential names on all animals and plants.»Harkness explica por qué Adán es la figura clave en lo que los ángeles dicen de la lengua divina, porque con ella nombró a todas las criaturas del jardín y dio nombres verdaderos y esenciales a animales y plantas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 176»

«After Adam's fall, only select individuals were made aware of the divine language, and only fragments of it were revealed.»Harkness describe el régimen posterior a la caída de Adán, en que solo individuos escogidos supieron de la lengua divina y solo fragmentos de ella fueron revelados

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 176»

«Revelations told Dee he was receiving an unprecedented amount of the divine language, a fact that provoked an enormous amount of excitement.»Harkness registra el entusiasmo que provocó en Dee la afirmación de que estaba recibiendo una cantidad sin precedentes de la lengua divina

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 177»

«Not even the powerful biblical prophets Esdras and Enoch had known the language in its entirety while they were on earth, yet Dee was receiving the language's alphabet along with texts written in the language, free from the vicissitudes of earthly corruption and decay.»Harkness mide esa pretensión contra la tradición: ni Esdras ni Enoc, profetas bíblicos poderosos, habían conocido la lengua entera estando en la tierra, y Dee recibía su alfabeto y textos escritos en ella libres de corrupción terrena

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 177»

«Dee's attention to Adam's use of the divine language related to his interest in the esoteric Jewish wisdom of the cabala.»Harkness liga la atención de Dee al uso adánico de la lengua divina con su interés por la sabiduría judía esotérica de la cábala

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 177»

«Because scholars previously believed that Dee's knowledge of Hebrew and the cabala was slight, few comparisons have been made between the angel conversations and Jewish or Christian»Harkness objeta un efecto de la erudición anterior, que por creer escaso el conocimiento de hebreo y de cábala de Dee apenas se han comparado las conversaciones angelicales con la cábala judía o cristiana

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 177»

«While Clulee outlined the connections between Dee's earlier intellectual interests and his later participation in the angel conversations, he deemphasized the potential place of cabalistic ideas in the angel conversations, thus restricting possible connections between them and natural philosophy.»Harkness objeta por su nombre a Clulee, que al trazar las conexiones entre los intereses tempranos de Dee y las conversaciones restó peso a las ideas cabalísticas y con ello acotó las conexiones posibles con la filosofía natural

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 177»

«Dee related his efforts to learn God's divine language to his study of the cabala and Hebrew as early as 20 March 1582.»Harkness data el 20 de marzo de 1582 la primera vez que Dee relacionó su empeño en aprender la lengua divina de Dios con su estudio de la cábala y del hebreo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 177»

«Dee told the angels that he had "re[a]d in the Cabala of the Name of God . . . [represented in] 42 letters" but had not come across any reference to the name of God represented in only forty letters, which the angels were proposing.»Harkness registra la objeción que Dee opuso a los ángeles, que había leído en la cábala el nombre de Dios representado en cuarenta y dos letras y no había hallado referencia alguna al de cuarenta letras que ellos le proponían

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 177»

«To ensure that the angels were clear about this discrepancy, he inscribed all of God's names using forty-two Hebrew characters (Figure 5) in his diary.»Harkness señala que Dee inscribió en su diario todos los nombres de Dios con cuarenta y dos caracteres hebreos para dejar clara esa discrepancia ante los ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 177»

«Dee's library contained more Hebraic materials than any other library in England during the period, and many of the works were annotated.»Harkness sitúa la biblioteca de Dee como la que más material hebraico contenía en la Inglaterra del periodo, con muchas de esas obras anotadas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 179»

«The most provocative and unsubstantiated suggestion concerning its origins was made by Donald Laycock, who argued that Dee may have been familiar with an Ethiopic version of the Book of Enoch, which most scholars believe reentered the Western tradition in the eighteenth century after disappearing for over a thousand years.»Harkness califica de provocadora y no sustentada la hipótesis de Donald Laycock sobre el origen de ese alfabeto, que Dee hubiera conocido una versión etiópica del Libro de Enoc, texto que la mayoría de los estudiosos da por reingresado a la tradición occidental hasta el siglo XVIII

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 181»

«If this argument were proven, it would help to explain both the divine alphabet, which resembles Ethiopic in some respects, and Dee's angelology, for the extracanonical Book of Enoch had a rich and diverse assortment of angels.»Harkness expone qué explicaría esa hipótesis si llegara a probarse, el alfabeto divino, que en algunos respectos se parece al etiópico, y la angelología de Dee, pues el Enoc extracanónico trae un surtido rico y diverso de ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 181»

«A more likely source for the angels' divine alphabet is Giovanni Pantheus's Voarchadumia contra alchimiam, which Dee owned and annotated.»Harkness propone como fuente más probable del alfabeto la Voarchadumia contra alchimiam de Giovanni Pantheus, que Dee poseía y anotó

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 182»

«Dee's seventeenth-century editor, Meric Casaubon, believed that the characters of the divine language derived from Theseus Ambrosius's Introductio in Chaldaicam linguam, Syriacum atque Armenicam et decent alias linguas (1539).»Harkness registra la adjudicación de Meric Casaubon, editor de Dee en el siglo XVII, que hacía derivar los caracteres de la lengua divina de la Introductio de Teseo Ambrogio de 1539

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 182»

«Although Casaubon might have based his argument on his own careful study of ancient languages, Dee did own a copy of Ambrosius's work.»Harkness sopesa esa adjudicación por dos vías, que Casaubon pudo apoyarse en su propio estudio de las lenguas antiguas y que Dee sí poseía un ejemplar de la obra de Ambrogio

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 182»

«Agrippa's De occulta philosophia also contained ancient-looking alphabets derived from Hebrew that would have supported the purported antiquity of the angelic alphabet revealed to Dee.»Harkness añade que el De occulta philosophia de Agrippa también traía alfabetos de aspecto antiguo derivados del hebreo, que habrían respaldado la pretendida antigüedad del alfabeto angélico revelado a Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 182»

«Instead, he was given a living language that promised to reconnect parts of the cosmic system.»Harkness precisa qué creía Dee estar recibiendo, no un léxico rancio con su gramática sino una lengua viva que prometía reconectar partes del sistema cósmico

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 182»

«Every mistake he made while learning the language took on cosmic significance.»Harkness mide lo que estaba en juego para Dee en el aprendizaje, pues cada error que cometía cobraba significación cósmica

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 182»

«Unfortunately, the divine language did not conform to any known rules of grammar, syntax, or pronunciation, and Dee was faced with a difficult task when it came to learning its basic principles.»Harkness declara la dificultad de fondo, que la lengua divina no se ajustaba a regla conocida alguna de gramática, sintaxis o pronunciación

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 182»

«But Dee's temerity did lead the angels to modify their methods. As a concession to his human frailty, the angels began to convey long prayers by recitation, which Dee was permitted to record phonetically.»Harkness registra la concesión que la insistencia de Dee arrancó a los ángeles, que empezaron a transmitir las oraciones largas por recitación para que él pudiera anotarlas fonéticamente

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 184»

«Though the angels told Dee that his use of the divine language would make him "differ. . . in speche frome a mortal Creature" they never suggested how this difference would be manifested, or to what extent Dee would be exempted from human limitations.»Harkness declara lo que quedó sin decir: aunque los ángeles anunciaron a Dee que su uso de la lengua divina lo haría diferir en el habla de una criatura mortal, nunca precisaron en qué se manifestaría esa diferencia ni hasta dónde quedaría exento de los límites humanos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 186»

«Dee complained when the angels chided him, replying that he "had diverse affayres which at this present do withdraw me from peculier diligence using these Characters and theyr names.»Harkness registra la queja con que Dee respondió a las reprimendas angélicas, que tenía diversos asuntos que en ese momento lo apartaban de la diligencia debida a aquellos caracteres y a sus nombres

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 184»

«Guillaume Postel agreed that Adam had not needed to rely upon hearing God actually speak, but instead received the divine language directly into his mental faculties.»Harkness registra la coincidencia de Guillaume Postel en que Adán no necesitó oír hablar a Dios efectivamente, sino que recibió la lengua divina directamente en sus facultades mentales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 187»

«Dee did not envision entirely mystical applications for the divine language that would involve a complete withdrawal from terrestrial affairs.»Harkness niega que Dee imaginara aplicaciones enteramente místicas de la lengua divina que supusieran retirarse del todo de los asuntos terrenos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 187»

«Despite his special relationship with God and the angels, he remained committed to pursuing a knowledge of "the creation and created things" that could be shared with humanity.»Harkness sostiene que, pese a su relación especial con Dios y los ángeles, Dee siguió comprometido con un conocimiento de la creación y de las cosas creadas que pudiera compartirse con los hombres

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 187»

«He believed that a combination of the divine language and natural philosophy would unlock the secrets of the created world.»Harkness formula la apuesta de Dee, que la combinación de lengua divina y filosofía natural abriría los secretos del mundo creado

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 187»

«Cabala provided a way of uniting language and natural philosophy, and it was through a reformed cabala that Dee found a way to apply the divine language to the Book of Nature.»Harkness adjudica a la cábala el papel de bisagra entre lengua y filosofía natural, y sitúa en una cábala reformada el modo en que Dee aplicó la lengua divina al Libro de la Naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 187»

«In the cabala, emanation provided a mechanism of causation that allowed God to be present in everything yet still removed from the created world.»Harkness explica la emanación en la cábala como mecanismo de causación que permite a Dios estar presente en todo y a la vez apartado del mundo creado

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 188»

«The concept of emanation was also closely linked to linguistic theories of the Creation, because the Word emanated from God and, ex nihilo, formed the world.»Harkness liga la emanación a las teorías lingüísticas de la Creación, porque el Verbo emana de Dios y forma el mundo de la nada

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 189»

«Christian cabalist Johann Reuchlin figured the sefirot were a ladder to the heavens: "[the sefirot are] the ten rungs of the ladder on which we climb to know all truth, be it of the senses, or of knowledge, or of faith."»Harkness cita al cabalista cristiano Johann Reuchlin, que figuraba las sefirot como los diez peldaños de la escala por la que se sube a conocer toda verdad, sea de los sentidos, del conocimiento o de la fe

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 189»

«Dee, on the other hand, received a direct cabalistic revelation from God.»Harkness marca la diferencia de Dee con esa tradición: él recibió una revelación cabalística directa de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 190»

«Because the divine language was alphanumeric, like Hebrew, Dee believed that he could apply traditional cabalistic exegetical techniques to names, words, and phrases the angels conveyed.»Harkness explica por qué Dee creyó aplicables las técnicas exegéticas cabalísticas tradicionales a los nombres, palabras y frases de los ángeles, porque la lengua divina era alfanumérica como el hebreo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 190»

«The angels Gabriel and Nalvage explained that "all the World is made of numbers," but the "Numbers we speak of, are of reason and form, and not of merchants.»Harkness cita la explicación de los ángeles Gabriel y Nalvage, transcrita por Dee, de que todo el mundo está hecho de números, pero de números de razón y forma y no de los de mercaderes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 191»

«Because numbers played a major role in both the cabala and in Dee's conception of nature, it is not surprising that he was interested in the numerological overtones of the divine language and the angels' cabala of nature.»Harkness explica el interés de Dee por las resonancias numerológicas de la lengua divina y de la cábala angélica de la naturaleza por el papel mayor que los números juegan en la cábala y en su propia concepción de la naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 191»

«When the angel Galuah stepped forward in 1583 and told Dee that her garments were called "HOXMARCH," for example, he immediately associated the word with one of the ten sefirot: Hokmah, or divine, redemptive wisdom.»Harkness data en 1583 el episodio del ángel Galuah, que dijo a Dee llamarse HOXMARCH sus vestiduras, palabra que él asoció de inmediato con una de las diez sefirot, Hokmah, la sabiduría divina y redentora

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 192»

«Even the description of the cabala of nature as a "three-fold art" capable of "ioyning Man (with the Knowledge of the WORLDE, the GOVERNMENT of his Creatures, and the SIGHT of his Maiestie" is reminiscent of the cabalistic "three-fold art" of gematria, notarikon, and temurah.»Harkness señala el eco cabalístico en la descripción misma de la cábala de la naturaleza como arte triple capaz de juntar al hombre con el conocimiento del mundo, el gobierno de sus criaturas y la vista de su majestad, a la manera del arte triple de gematría, notarikon y temurah

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 192»

«This interest increased in the seventeenth century when debates began about the merits of creating a "universal language" that would reflect the essential consonance between human speech and the Book of Nature and reduce the confusion of tongues.»Harkness data en el siglo XVII el crecimiento de ese interés, con los debates sobre los méritos de crear una lengua universal que reflejara la consonancia esencial entre el habla humana y el Libro de la Naturaleza y redujera la confusión de las lenguas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 192»

«Though artificial, this language was described as a "natural language" to distinguish it from the divine language used by God in the Creation and spoken by Adam.»Harkness precisa el deslinde de aquella lengua artificial, llamada natural para distinguirla de la lengua divina que Dios usó en la Creación y que habló Adán

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 192»

«Plato's Cratylus suggested that language was capable of making words and their referents correspond exactly, though it was ambiguous regarding whether language was entirely natural or at least partially conventional.»Harkness registra la propuesta del Crátilo de Platón, que la lengua puede hacer corresponder exactamente las palabras con sus referentes, y consigna su ambigüedad sobre si la lengua es enteramente natural o en parte convencional

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 193»

«D. P. Walker believed that the "verbal force" associated with the divine language of creation and other very ancient languages depended upon a linguistic theory that included "a real, not conventional, connection between words and what they denote.»Harkness adjudica a D. P. Walker la tesis de que la fuerza verbal atribuida a la lengua divina de la creación y a otras lenguas antiquísimas dependía de una teoría lingüística con conexión real, y no convencional, entre las palabras y lo que denotan

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 193»

«Dee adhered to such a belief in his angel conversations and thought that Adam's language was capable of capturing the essences embedded in the Book of Nature.»Harkness sitúa a Dee en esa posición y le atribuye la creencia de que la lengua de Adán podía capturar las esencias alojadas en el Libro de la Naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 193»

«Because Adam's true names had the potential to disclose the secrets of the Book of Nature, Dee was warned that he and his scryers must not recite the names and words given to them in the divine language as they were received.»Harkness explica la advertencia hecha a Dee y a sus scryers de no recitar tal como los recibían los nombres y palabras de la lengua divina, por el poder que los nombres verdaderos de Adán tenían de descubrir los secretos del Libro de la Naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 193»

«Pico della Mirandola, in his cabalistic "Conclusions," argued that these names, especially the name of Jesus, contained powerful and persuasive messages about Christ's divinity and relationship to God.»Harkness registra el argumento de Pico della Mirandola en sus Conclusiones cabalísticas, que esos nombres, y sobre todo el de Jesús, contienen mensajes poderosos sobre la divinidad de Cristo y su relación con Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 194»

«Reuchlin believed that these words were capable of restoring natural philosophy and would give human beings the same mastery of nature which Adam had enjoyed in Eden.»Harkness resume la esperanza de Reuchlin, que esas palabras podían restaurar la filosofía natural y dar al hombre el mismo dominio de la naturaleza que Adán gozó en el Edén

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 194»

«Later, on 21 March 1582, the angels gave Dee a tablet containing more arcane information: the "Names of God, not known to the Angels" which could not "be spoken or re[a]d of man."»Harkness data el 21 de marzo de 1582 la entrega a Dee de una tabla con los nombres de Dios no conocidos de los ángeles, que no podían ser dichos ni leídos por hombre alguno

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 195»

«The Jewish cabala was intended for scriptural exegesis, not for an exegesis of nature, a distinction that problematized Dee's use of cabalistic techniques to explain and understand the world.»Harkness señala la objeción de fondo al procedimiento de Dee, que la cábala judía se destinaba a la exégesis escritural y no a una exégesis de la naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 196»

«Through notarikon, Dee received an intricate linguistic genealogy of angels, though it is not evident whether he subjected other angelic names to similar cabalistic processes.»Harkness registra que por notarikon recibió Dee una intrincada genealogía lingüística de ángeles, y declara que no queda claro si sometió otros nombres angélicos a procesos cabalísticos semejantes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 196»

«The exegetical potential and magical power of true names represented the first step in a much larger exegetical task: deciphering the Book of Nature.»Harkness sitúa el potencial exegético y el poder mágico de los nombres verdaderos como primer paso de una tarea mayor, descifrar el Libro de la Naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 196»

«Even so, the Jewish cabala and the natural world did not interact as neatly as many natural philosophers wished.»Harkness consigna el desajuste sin taparlo, que la cábala judía y el mundo natural no encajaban con la limpieza que muchos filósofos naturales habrían querido

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 196»

«First, it is important to clarify that the angels' cabala of nature was not a direct derivative of the traditional Jewish cabala, or even the Christian cabala.»Harkness adjudica un origen propio a la cábala de la naturaleza de los ángeles, que no deriva directamente de la cábala judía tradicional ni siquiera de la cristiana

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 197»

«Though the cabala of nature is provocatively reminiscent of many basic tenets of cabalistic study, because the cabala of nature was intended to disclose the secrets of a different "text" - the Book of Nature rather than the Book of Scripture - its exegetical techniques were significantly different.»Harkness explica esa diferencia por el objeto: como la cábala de la naturaleza se destinaba a descubrir los secretos de otro texto, el Libro de la Naturaleza y no el de la Escritura, sus técnicas exegéticas eran significativamente distintas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 197»

«If we see the cabala of nature as analogous to, but not dependent upon, the Jewish and Christian cabala, it becomes possible to examine Dee's cabala of nature on its own terms.»Harkness propone el criterio de lectura que su libro adopta, ver la cábala de la naturaleza como análoga a la judía y a la cristiana pero no dependiente de ellas, para examinarla en sus propios términos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 197»

«Given the scholarly dismissal of the angelic language as a hodgepodge of unutterable sounds and a strange assortment of names and phrases, it is understandable how the angels' "true cabala of nature" might also be consigned to virtual oblivion.»Harkness explica el olvido en que cayó la verdadera cábala de la naturaleza por el desdén erudito hacia la lengua angélica, tenida por revoltijo de sonidos impronunciables y surtido extraño de nombres y frases

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 197»

«That Dee himself was usually confused about the precise applications of the art and its intricate methods is little consolation.»Harkness reconoce el dato que no ayuda a su reconstrucción, que el propio Dee solía andar confundido sobre las aplicaciones precisas del arte y sus métodos intrincados

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 197»

«Even its designation as a "cabala" of nature has done little but complicate the situation, since an exploration of the works of other early modern cabalists has failed to uncover useful comparative information.»Harkness declara el resultado negativo de la comparación: llamarle cábala de la naturaleza no ha hecho sino complicar las cosas, porque recorrer las obras de otros cabalistas de la época no ha dado información comparativa útil

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 197»

«Dee's cabala of nature can be divided into two branches: one primarily concerned with drawing celestial influences down into the natural world; the other primarily concerned with restoring the communication between humanity, divinity, and the Book of Nature.»Harkness divide la cábala de la naturaleza en dos ramas, una que atiende sobre todo a atraer las influencias celestes al mundo natural y otra a restaurar la comunicación entre humanidad, divinidad y Libro de la Naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 198»

«Dee needed to employ special "calls" to bring the angelic Governors into the natural world to do God's will.»Harkness precisa el procedimiento de la primera rama, que Dee necesitaba emplear llamadas especiales para traer a los Gobernadores angélicos al mundo natural a hacer la voluntad de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 198»

«Uriel told Dee that, within their names, "The Fontayne of wisdome is opened. Nature shalbe knowne: Earth with her secrets disclosed. The Elements with theyr powres judged.»Harkness cita la locución de Uriel, transcrita por Dee, de que en los nombres de aquellos ángeles se abre la fuente de la sabiduría y la naturaleza será conocida, la tierra con sus secretos descubiertos y los elementos con sus poderes juzgados

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 200»

«Though the relationship between kings and princes was logical, the delivery of this information was not.»Harkness distingue el contenido de la forma: la relación entre reyes y príncipes era lógica, y la entrega de esa información no lo fue

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 200»

«Finally, however, Dee was able to place the names of the angels into a circular wheel, similar to Lullian and cabalistic wheels, and clarify their relationships.»Harkness registra la solución que Dee halló al fin, colocar los nombres de los ángeles en una rueda circular parecida a las lulianas y a las cabalísticas para aclarar sus relaciones

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 200»

«Though the angels referred to them as the "Princes of Nature," both their clothing and their place in the angelic order indicated that they were connected to wisdom, and Dee noted in the margins "philosophers," to describe their appearance and the role that their appearance reflected.»Harkness contrasta el nombre y la figura: los ángeles los llamaban Príncipes de la Naturaleza, y por sus ropas y su lugar en el orden angélico Dee anotó al margen la palabra filósofos para describirlos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 201»

«At last the angels made a concession to Dee's other responsibilities and began to recite the calls in the divine language, but even so the delivery, recopying, and discussion of the calls took nearly a month.»Harkness mide el costo de aquella entrega, pues aun con la concesión angélica de recitar las llamadas en la lengua divina, transmitirlas, recopiarlas y discutirlas llevó cerca de un mes

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 201»

«The angel diaries suggest that the final eight calls were received and placed "in another boke," possibly with an English translation, but they have not been located.»Harkness declara lo que falta: los diarios sugieren que las últimas ocho llamadas se recibieron y se pusieron en otro libro, acaso con traducción inglesa, y ese libro no ha aparecido

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 201»

«Dee could not use the calls until God deemed it was time, however.»Harkness señala la condición impuesta al uso, que Dee no podía emplear las llamadas hasta que Dios lo juzgara tiempo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 201»

«Even then, the Governors would act only according to God's will, which could be withdrawn if Dee did anything contrary to His wishes.»Harkness añade el límite de la potestad, que aun entonces los Gobernadores actuarían solo conforme a la voluntad de Dios, retirable si Dee hacía algo contrario a sus deseos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 202»

«The apocalyptic system of the cabala of nature was based on the forty-nine Gates of Nature and their "claves" or keys, the thirty Airs governed by the angels of the twelve tribes of Israel, and the Book of Enoch, which contained "the Invocation of the names of God and of the angels by the names of God."»Harkness enumera las tres piezas del sistema apocalíptico de la cábala de la naturaleza, las cuarenta y nueve Puertas de la Naturaleza con sus claves, los treinta Airs gobernados por los ángeles de las doce tribus de Israel y el Libro de Enoc

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 202»

«Within the Gates, the angels told Dee, he would discover the "Dignity and Corruption of nature," and would be made aware "of the secret Judgments of the Almighty.»Harkness resume lo que los ángeles prometieron a Dee tras las Puertas, descubrir la dignidad y la corrupción de la naturaleza y ser advertido de los juicios secretos del Todopoderoso

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 203»

«The angel Nalvage, Dee's tutor in the intricacies of the apocalyptic system, told Dee that he would share forty-eight keys that would open nature and the gates of understanding.»Harkness identifica a Nalvage como el ángel tutor de Dee en el sistema apocalíptico y registra su anuncio de compartir cuarenta y ocho claves que abrirían la naturaleza y las puertas del entendimiento

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 203»

«As in the case of the forty-nine Governors (one of whom could not be summoned), one of the Gates of Nature was to remain closed for God's use.»Harkness señala la simetría del faltante: como uno de los cuarenta y nueve Gobernadores no podía ser convocado, una de las Puertas de la Naturaleza debía quedar cerrada para uso de Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 203»

«Because the angel diaries do not contain an explanation of how these tables related to the Gates, it is difficult to grasp why Dee found the locations of the letters so intriguing.»Harkness declara lo que no puede explicarse desde las fuentes, porque los diarios angelicales no contienen explicación de cómo se relacionaban aquellas tablas con las Puertas, y por eso cuesta entender qué le atraía tanto de la ubicación de las letras

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 203»

«Dee was given the seven-letter "true names" for the geographic regions supervised by the Airs, but was told that the thirty Airs had no names - they were known by their numbers.»Harkness consigna la asimetría del sistema: Dee recibió nombres verdaderos de siete letras para las regiones geográficas supervisadas por los Airs, pero se le dijo que los treinta Airs no tenían nombre y se conocían por su número

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 206»

«Dee was dismayed by the discrepancy, which was never resolved.»Harkness registra el desconcierto de Dee ante esa discrepancia, que nunca se resolvió

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 206»

«Despite these contradictions, the numerological consistency of the seven-letter geographic names must have pleased the occult and mathematical facets of Dee's intellect, just as the information that the true name of Egypt was in fact "Occodon," and that Mesopotamia was known to God and the angels as "Valgars" must have pleased his geographical sensibilities.»Harkness apunta lo que aquellos nombres verdaderos halagaban en Dee, la consistencia numerológica de las siete letras y su sensibilidad geográfica al saber que Egipto era Occodon y Mesopotamia Valgars para Dios y los ángeles

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 206»

«Dee's efforts to link his new system to his substantial geographical knowledge might have been too far-reaching, however, for Nalvage had to caution him that God did not practice the geography of Ptolemy or other terrestrial geographers.»Harkness registra la advertencia con que Nalvage frenó a Dee cuando quiso ligar el sistema nuevo a su saber geográfico, que Dios no practica la geografía de Ptolomeo ni la de otros geógrafos terrestres

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 206»

«It is quite likely that Dee understood the armies of angels as guardians of human souls - only 144,000 of which were to be saved, according to the Book of Revelations - that would help to sort the "marked" from the "unmarked" in the Last Judgment.»Harkness propone que Dee entendía aquellos ejércitos de ángeles como guardianes de las almas humanas, de las que según el Apocalipsis solo ciento cuarenta y cuatro mil se salvarían, y que ayudarían a separar a los marcados de los no marcados en el Juicio Final

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 206»

«The thirty Airs were described as "bands" in the heavens distributed at twelve-degree intervals around the three-hundred-and-sixty-degree circumference of the earth.»Harkness describe los treinta Airs como bandas en los cielos distribuidas a intervalos de doce grados a lo largo de los trescientos sesenta de la circunferencia de la tierra

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 205»

«Both Jeremiah 31:4 and Ezekiel 37:16 prophesied the return of the ten tribes, and, especially in Ezekiel, the return of the lost tribes was linked to the final days.»Harkness remite a Jeremías 31:4 y a Ezequiel 37:16 como profecías del retorno de las diez tribus, ligado en Ezequiel sobre todo a los días finales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 205»

«Though this book has provided historians with a short, if inaccurate, rubric for Dee's entire angelic system, the materials associated with Enoch were not the only (or even the most central) feature of the cabala of nature.»Harkness objeta el uso que la historiografía ha hecho del Libro de Enoc como rótulo breve e inexacto de todo el sistema angélico de Dee, pues los materiales enóquicos no eran el único ni el más central rasgo de la cábala de la naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 207»

«The angels told Dee that the information in the Book of Enoch would relate both to the heavens and to the future.»Harkness registra el doble alcance que los ángeles anunciaron para la información del Libro de Enoc, que tocaría tanto a los cielos como al futuro

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 207»

«Given these intriguing and powerful connections, it is unfortunate that the Book of Enoch is the least lucid part of the cabala of nature as it survives today.»Harkness declara el estado de la fuente: pese a esas conexiones poderosas, el Libro de Enoc es la parte menos clara de la cábala de la naturaleza tal como hoy sobrevive

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 208»

«The angels' instructions are contradictory in several key places.»Harkness señala que las instrucciones de los ángeles se contradicen en varios lugares clave

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 208»

«The scattered and fragmentary manuscripts of the angel diaries may yet be coaxed into yielding information, but Dee's cabala of nature remains an aspect of his thought that needs further exploration and explication.»Harkness cierra dejando la cuestión abierta, pues los manuscritos dispersos y fragmentarios de los diarios angelicales aún pueden dar información y la cábala de la naturaleza sigue siendo un aspecto de su pensamiento que pide más exploración y explicación

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 209»

«What is clear, however, is that Dee's belief in the utility of his cabala of nature was similar to the beliefs of other Christian cabalists, including Agrippa, who thought that cabala gave its practitioners a knowledge of the natural world and "the operative power to change the conditions of existence.»Harkness aproxima la confianza de Dee en su cábala de la naturaleza a la de otros cabalistas cristianos como Agrippa, para quienes la cábala daba a sus practicantes conocimiento del mundo natural y el poder operativo de cambiar las condiciones de la existencia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 209»

«This question was answered, and the final aspect of Dee's newly revealed natural philosophy took shape, when the angels delivered to him a form of alchemy that had not been practiced since the days of Adam.»Harkness data en la entrega angélica de una forma de alquimia no practicada desde los días de Adán el momento en que toma forma el último aspecto de la filosofía natural revelada a Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 210»

«Yet humanity was unable to diagnose or cure the Book of Nature without divine help, for alchemy itself had decayed and was unable to restore Nature's health.»Harkness formula el diagnóstico que la vuelve necesaria, que la humanidad no podía diagnosticar ni curar el Libro de la Naturaleza sin ayuda divina porque la propia alquimia se había degradado y no alcanzaba a devolverle la salud

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 210»

«With the angels' assistance, Dee believed that he could restore the art of alchemy and then bring about a restitution of nature.»Harkness describe el orden de la empresa según Dee, restaurar primero el arte de la alquimia con ayuda de los ángeles y luego obrar la restitución de la naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 210»

«The healing process would be based on his mastery of the "medicine of God," a divine substance that promised to redeem matter.»Harkness nombra la sustancia en que ese proceso curativo se apoyaba, la medicina de Dios, sustancia divina que prometía redimir la materia

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 210»

«When the apocalyptic and restorative features of the angel conversations are drawn together it is possible for us to understand why Dee believed that the conversations represented his highest achievements as a Christian natural philosopher.»Harkness explica por qué Dee tenía las conversaciones por su logro más alto como filósofo natural cristiano, una vez juntados sus rasgos apocalípticos y sus rasgos restauradores

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 210»

«The role of alchemy in early modern natural philosophy, and in the thought of the period more generally, has been assessed by a number of scholars who offer evidence that Dee's belief in the healing, perfecting, and restorative powers of alchemy was not unique.»Harkness apoya en la bibliografía sobre el papel de la alquimia en la filosofía natural de la época que la creencia de Dee en sus poderes curativos, perfeccionadores y restauradores no era singular

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 211»

«Alchemy's reputation as an art practiced by disreputable and desperate men demonstrates that the aspirations of natural philosophers like Dee were not always recognized by people outside alchemical circles.»Harkness contrapone la reputación de la alquimia como arte de hombres desacreditados y desesperados, señal de que las aspiraciones de filósofos naturales como Dee no siempre eran reconocidas fuera de los círculos alquímicos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 211»

«Biringuccio believed, after examining the ideas of the alchemists, "that unless someone should find some angelic spirit as patron or should operate through his own divinity," the art was doomed to failure.»Harkness cita a Biringuccio, que tras examinar las ideas de los alquimistas daba el arte por condenado al fracaso salvo que alguien hallara algún espíritu angélico por patrón u obrara por su propia divinidad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 212»

«Alchemy, on the other hand, was an art "weak in comparison" that trailed after "Nature in an effort to imitate her," attempting to bring about change quickly and unnaturally.»Harkness resume la objeción de Biringuccio, que la alquimia es un arte débil en comparación con la naturaleza, que va detrás de ella intentando imitarla y buscando el cambio de prisa y contra natura

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 212»

«Although the decay of the Book of Nature made it difficult to read its contents with any degree of accuracy, decay itself could still be a form of revelation to natural philosophers, because God was showing humanity the way into the future through gradual deterioration.»Harkness formula el vuelco que hacía útil la decadencia: aunque volviera difícil leer con exactitud el Libro de la Naturaleza, la decadencia misma podía ser revelación para el filósofo natural, porque Dios mostraba el camino del futuro por medio del deterioro gradual

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 213»

«Paracelsus was particularly influential, because he elaborated and modified traditional alchemical ideas to link alchemy (healing the imperfections in nature) with medicine (healing bodily sicknesses and imperfections).»Harkness adjudica a Paracelso una influencia particular por haber elaborado y modificado ideas alquímicas tradicionales hasta ligar la alquimia, que sana las imperfecciones de la naturaleza, con la medicina, que sana las enfermedades del cuerpo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 214»

«A better understanding of Dee's alchemical beliefs can be gleaned from the Monas hieroglyphica, especially theorems XVIII and XIX.»Harkness remite a los teoremas XVIII y XIX de la Monas hieroglyphica como la mejor vía para entender las creencias alquímicas de Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 214»

«Dee linked the seven rotations or revolutions in the alchemical process of transmutation to the ultimate goal of philosophical alchemy: the divinization of the alchemist.»Harkness liga las siete rotaciones del proceso de transmutación con la meta última de la alquimia filosófica según Dee, la divinización del alquimista

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 215»

«While "vulgar" alchemy was concerned only with the material transformation of base metals into silver and then gold, "philosophical" alchemy attempted to transform the alchemist's soul from human to divine.»Harkness distingue las dos alquimias: la vulgar solo atiende a la transformación material de metales bajos en plata y luego en oro, y la filosófica intenta transformar el alma del alquimista de humana en divina

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 215»

«These references in the Monas hieroglyphica demonstrate that Dee understood the traditional division of alchemy into two different branches of inquiry.»Harkness sostiene que esas referencias de la Monas hieroglyphica muestran que Dee conocía la división tradicional de la alquimia en dos ramas de indagación

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 215»

«Spiritual alchemy was a more complex and philosophical process wherein the ascent of the matter toward the philosophers' stone was a material reflection of the spiritual and intellectual ascent of the alchemist toward God.»Harkness define la alquimia espiritual como proceso más complejo y filosófico, donde el ascenso de la materia hacia la piedra filosofal es reflejo material del ascenso espiritual e intelectual del alquimista hacia Dios

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 216»

«The angels' alchemy did not correspond exactly to the philosophical alchemy practiced by Dee and his contemporaries.»Harkness marca la distancia entre las dos: la alquimia de los ángeles no correspondía exactamente a la alquimia filosófica que practicaban Dee y sus contemporáneos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 216»

«Like the cabala of nature, the angelic alchemy was interesting to Dee precisely because it did not correspond exactly with what he knew, and thus could be seen as an improvement in the state of learning and knowledge.»Harkness invierte lo que parecería un defecto y lo vuelve el motivo del interés, pues como la cábala de la naturaleza, la alquimia angélica atraía a Dee justamente por no corresponder con lo que él sabía, y podía verse así como mejora del estado del saber

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 216»

«As in the case of the cabala of nature, Dee faced each discrepancy between angelic and traditional alchemy with a firm belief that he was receiving Adam's "true" alchemy.»Harkness describe cómo encaraba Dee cada discrepancia entre la alquimia angélica y la tradicional, con la firme creencia de estar recibiendo la alquimia verdadera de Adán

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 216»

«Though Paracelsus's influence on Dee has been insufficiently studied, the list of titles he owned suggests that it was manifested in surprising ways, and that his influence may not have been primarily alchemical.»Harkness objeta que la influencia de Paracelso sobre Dee se haya estudiado de manera insuficiente, y propone a partir de los títulos que poseía que se manifestó de maneras sorprendentes y acaso no principalmente alquímicas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 217»

«Five copies of two of Paracelsus's early works on medicine, the Paragranum and the Opus paramirum, attest to Dee's interest in Paracelsian "universal" medicine despite the fact that Dee was not a practicing physician.»Harkness aduce como indicio cinco ejemplares de dos obras médicas tempranas de Paracelso, que atestiguan el interés de Dee por la medicina universal paracelsiana pese a que él no ejercía la medicina

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 217»

«Bostocke wrote: "The true auncient phisicke which consisteth in the searching out of the secretes of Nature . . . collected out of the Mathematicall and supernaturall precepts ... is part of Cabala.»Harkness cita a Bostocke, que tenía la verdadera física antigua, consistente en escudriñar los secretos de la naturaleza y recogida de preceptos matemáticos y sobrenaturales, por parte de la cábala

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 218»

«This symbiotic relationship between alchemy and cabala is evident in Dee's angel conversations, where both were integral components of a newly reformed and revealed natural philosophy.»Harkness sostiene que esa relación simbiótica entre alquimia y cábala se ve en las conversaciones angelicales, donde ambas son componentes integrales de una filosofía natural recién reformada y revelada

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 218»

«Dee may have received further insights into Pantheus's theories from Giovanni Baptista Agnelli, a Venetian alchemist living in London.»Harkness propone que Dee pudo recibir más noticias de las teorías de Pantheus por Giovanni Baptista Agnelli, alquimista veneciano radicado en Londres

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 219»

«Dee took Agnelli's work with him to the Continent in 1583; it has not been recovered.»Harkness data en 1583 el traslado de la obra de Agnelli al continente con Dee y declara que no se ha recuperado

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 219»

«When the angels instructed Dee in Adam's alchemy, it was always a lively, theatrical exchange.»Harkness caracteriza el modo de la enseñanza angélica de la alquimia de Adán como intercambio siempre vivo y teatral

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 220»

«The angels' alchemical ideas were ideally suited to visual and oral methods of transmission.»Harkness adjudica a las ideas alquímicas de los ángeles una adecuación ideal a los métodos visuales y orales de transmisión

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 220»

«Symbolic representations of the alchemical process known as emblemata were popular throughout the early modern period and were first issued in printed form in the seventeenth century.»Harkness sitúa las emblemata, representaciones simbólicas del proceso alquímico, como populares en toda la temprana modernidad, aunque impresas por primera vez hasta el siglo XVII

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 220»

«In one of Dee's conversations, a boy wearing a crown transformed a woman into a man, and then the boy wed the androgyne to a queen, just as if an emblem book had come to life within his showstone.»Harkness describe una de las escenas vistas en la piedra, donde un niño coronado transformó a una mujer en hombre y luego casó al andrógino con una reina, como si un libro de emblemas cobrara vida

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 220»

«This shared matrix of symbols rests on what William Ashworth calls the "emblematic world view," which he defines as "the belief that every kind of thing in the cosmos has myriad hidden meanings and that knowledge consists of an attempt to comprehend as many of these as possible.»Harkness adjudica a William Ashworth el nombre de esa matriz compartida de símbolos, la visión emblemática del mundo, la creencia de que cada cosa del cosmos tiene miríadas de sentidos ocultos y de que el conocimiento consiste en comprender cuantos se pueda

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 220»

«Unlike two-dimensional emblem books, the allegorical parables in the angel conversations were capable of movement and action.»Harkness marca la diferencia con los libros de emblemas bidimensionales, pues las parábolas alegóricas de las conversaciones podían moverse y actuar

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 220»

«The angelic schoolmasters spun series of images and actions into an alchemical narrative to explain complex alchemical processes.»Harkness describe el procedimiento de los maestros angélicos, que hilaban series de imágenes y acciones en una narración alquímica para explicar procesos complejos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 221»

«One of the seven spoke to Dee, saying, "I am he which have powre to alter the corruption of NATURE, with [sic] my seal, I seale her and she [nature] is becom[m]e perfect. I prevayle in Metalls: in the knowledge of them.»Harkness cita la locución de uno de los siete ángeles, transcrita por Dee, que decía tener poder de alterar la corrupción de la naturaleza y sellarla hasta volverla perfecta, y prevalecer en los metales y en su conocimiento

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 221»

«The angel of the earth chastised Dee, replying that the treasures hoarded in the earth were reserved for the destruction of the Antichrist.»Harkness registra la reprimenda del ángel de la tierra a Dee, que apremiado por deudas pidió ayuda para hallar tesoros ocultos y recibió por respuesta que los tesoros atesorados en la tierra estaban reservados para la destrucción del Anticristo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 221»

«Dee, undeterred by Kelly's doubts, went into his oratory "and called unto God, for his divine help for the understanding of his laws and vertues . . . which he hath established in and amongst his Creatures for the benefyt of mankinde"»Harkness registra que Dee, sin dejarse frenar por las dudas de Kelly, entró a su oratorio a pedir a Dios ayuda divina para entender las leyes y virtudes que estableció entre sus criaturas para beneficio del género humano

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 223»

«The "Glorious man" took a bird, "as byg as a sparrow," and the bird began to increase in size, seeming "to be as great as a swanne: very beutifull [sic]: but of many cullours"»Harkness describe la visión que el hombre glorioso mostró en la piedra, un ave del tamaño de un gorrión que fue creciendo hasta parecer un cisne, muy hermosa y de muchos colores

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 223»

«Kelly reported that "All is suddenly dark, and nothing [is] to be seen."»Harkness cita el reporte de Edward Kelly, el escuciente, de que todo se oscurece de pronto y nada se ve

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 223»

«Decoding the parable requires that it be divided into two symbolic cycles: the first extending from Uriel's actions at the altar until the kings and bishops were struck down; and the second extending from the revivification of the dead to the sowing of gold in the earth.»Harkness propone su método de lectura de la parábola, dividirla en dos ciclos simbólicos, uno de las acciones de Uriel en el altar hasta la caída de reyes y obispos, y otro de la revivificación de los muertos hasta la siembra de oro en la tierra

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 224»

«The first cycle was consonant with traditional symbols, while the second relied heavily on alchemical imagery.»Harkness distingue los dos ciclos por su repertorio, el primero consonante con los símbolos tradicionales y el segundo apoyado sobre todo en imaginería alquímica

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 224»

«Spiritual transformation and salvation were numerically underscored by the words of the angel Michael, who said, "Necessarily you fall: and of necessity you shall rise again."»Harkness cita la locución del ángel Miguel, transcrita por Dee, que subraya numéricamente la transformación espiritual y la salvación al decir que por necesidad caes y por necesidad te levantarás de nuevo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 224»

«The reordering of the stars had apocalyptic overtones, and any changes in the heavens were a sign of great importance in the sixteenth century.»Harkness lee el reordenamiento de las estrellas en clave apocalíptica y recuerda que cualquier cambio en los cielos era signo de gran importancia en el siglo XVI

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 224»

«A more explicit link to alchemy occurred when the earth opened to reveal the hidden world of metals, followed by the appearance of the philosophers' stone - the multicolored stone the size of a tennis ball - which the birds ingested.»Harkness señala el vínculo más explícito con la alquimia, cuando la tierra se abrió a revelar el mundo oculto de los metales y apareció la piedra filosofal, piedra multicolor del tamaño de una pelota de tenis, que las aves ingirieron

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 225»

«The divine food of the philosophers' stone transformed the birds (symbolizing Dee and Kelly) into men of perfect gold, thus linking the goal of the alchemical process with the redemption of their souls.»Harkness interpreta el desenlace: el alimento divino de la piedra filosofal transformó a las aves, que simbolizan a Dee y a Kelly, en hombres de oro perfecto, ligando así la meta del proceso alquímico con la redención de sus almas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 225»

«Whether the jumble of images and ideas reflects alchemical developments invented by Dee and Kelly, or whether Dee and Kelly went on to practice the alchemical processes suggested by the angels' parables, is not clear.»Harkness declara lo que no se puede saber, si aquel amasijo de imágenes refleja desarrollos alquímicos inventados por Dee y Kelly o si ellos llegaron a practicar los procesos que las parábolas angélicas sugerían

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 225»

«The alchemical furnace was often depicted as a tower or castle in alchemical treatises, and some authorities went so far as to point out the advisability of constructing an alchemical furnace that was not only functional but visually pleasant.»Harkness apoya la lectura alquímica en la iconografía del oficio, donde el horno se representaba a menudo como torre o castillo, al punto de que algunas autoridades recomendaban construirlo funcional y a la vez grato a la vista

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 226»

«The final alchemical conversation shared by Dee and Kelly took place on 14 January 1585.»Harkness data el 14 de enero de 1585 la última conversación alquímica compartida por Dee y Kelly

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 227»

«This conversation is more symbolically elusive than the others, and also more confusing.»Harkness califica esa conversación de más esquiva en lo simbólico que las demás, y también de más confusa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 227»

«Levanael broke into the images at this point and told Dee and Kelly that "the Earth is a Monster with many faces: and the receptable of all variety. Go home, stand not idle. Provide by Arts for the hardnesse of Nature. . . .»Harkness cita la locución del ángel Levanael, transcrita por Dee, que interrumpió las imágenes para decir que la tierra es un monstruo de muchas caras y receptáculo de toda variedad, y mandarlos a casa a proveer por artes contra la dureza de la naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 228»

«Levanael informed Dee and Kelly: "Here is Creation, and it is the first.»Harkness cita la fórmula con que Levanael presentó la escena a Dee y a Kelly, que ahí está la creación y es la primera

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 228»

«Levanael, satisfied with his work, said, "Thou art strong, and wilt beget a strong Child" - a clear reference to the combination of masculine and feminine principles to yield an androgynous principle.»Harkness lee la sentencia de Levanael sobre engendrar un hijo fuerte como referencia clara a la combinación de principios masculino y femenino que rinde un principio andrógino

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 228»

«Despite the confused allegories and murky meanings, it is clear that alchemy played a prominent role in the conversations.»Harkness sostiene, por encima de las alegorías confusas y los sentidos turbios, que la alquimia jugó un papel prominente en las conversaciones

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 229»

«Increased alchemical knowledge would have been a strong incentive for Dee to continue the conversations, as would the angels' assurances that he was being "perfected" through his communication with them so that he could, in turn, restore the flawed human knowledge of nature and then perfect nature itself.»Harkness adjudica a dos incentivos la continuidad de Dee, el aumento de conocimiento alquímico y la seguridad angélica de que él mismo estaba siendo perfeccionado para poder restaurar el conocimiento humano de la naturaleza y luego perfeccionar la naturaleza

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 229»

«This relationship between the reformation of natural philosophy and the restitution of nature was strengthened when the angels told Dee that the true cabala of nature would enable him to attain mastery over nature and purify the earth as the final days unfolded.»Harkness señala que ese lazo entre reforma de la filosofía natural y restitución de la naturaleza se reforzó cuando los ángeles dijeron a Dee que la verdadera cábala de la naturaleza le daría dominio sobre ella y le permitiría purificar la tierra conforme se desplegaran los días finales

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 229»

«Unfortunately, the religion that promised to reconcile all the people of the earth, the alchemical art that would have resolved debates between ancient and modern practitioners, and the medicina dei based on the reformed sciences of cabala and alchemy were not enough to heal the rift between John Dee and Edward Kelly.»Harkness mide el saldo del proyecto por lo que no alcanzó: ni la religión que prometía reconciliar a todos los pueblos, ni el arte alquímico que habría resuelto los debates entre antiguos y modernos, ni la medicina de Dios fundada en cábala y alquimia reformadas bastaron para sanar la ruptura entre Dee y Kelly

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 230»

«Dee's ongoing commitment to the angels after the dissolution of his partnership with Kelly is the most striking testament to his faith in their wisdom.»Harkness adjudica al empeño de Dee con los ángeles tras disolverse la sociedad con Kelly el testimonio más notable de su fe en la sabiduría de ellos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 230»

«During his last extant conversation, Raphael comforted Dee about his philosophical studies, confirmed the merits of the angelic revelations, and promised him a long life.»Harkness resume la última conversación conservada, en que Rafael consoló a Dee sobre sus estudios filosóficos, confirmó los méritos de las revelaciones angélicas y le prometió larga vida

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 230»

«Dee's finances, as ever, were, a problem, and there are signs in the angel conversations that Dee was peddling his angelic revelations in exchange for money.»Harkness registra el apremio económico y los indicios, en las propias conversaciones, de que Dee ofrecía sus revelaciones angélicas a cambio de dinero

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 230»

«Despite the infamy of Dee's angel conversations, however, they have remained an enigma.»Harkness señala la paradoja de la recepción, que pese a su mala fama las conversaciones angelicales han seguido siendo un enigma

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 231»

«Even the date of his death is now unclear. While scholars have traditionally dated it as December 1608, Julian Roberts and Andrew Watson have supplied persuasive marginalia to support a later date of 26 March 1609.»Harkness consigna el desacuerdo de datación sin armonizarlo: los estudiosos han fechado tradicionalmente la muerte de Dee en diciembre de 1608, y Julian Roberts y Andrew Watson aportan marginalia persuasiva para una fecha posterior, el 26 de marzo de 1609

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 232»

«The angels once told Dee: "Whilest [sic] heven endureth and earth lasteth, never shall be razed out the Memorie of these Actions.»Harkness cita la promesa angélica, transcrita por Dee, de que mientras dure el cielo y perdure la tierra jamás se borrará la memoria de aquellas acciones

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 231»

«All helped Dee to formulate his own Christian natural philosophy, in which the word and works of God could be mastered, partially through study and contemplation, and completely through the gift of divine revelation and angelic communication.»Harkness resume la filosofía natural cristiana que Dee llegó a formular, donde la palabra y las obras de Dios pueden dominarse en parte por estudio y contemplación y del todo solo por el don de la revelación divina y la comunicación angélica

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 232»

«A careful and comprehensive examination of Dee's angel conversations reveals that many of our preconceptions about them have been misleading.»Harkness declara el resultado de su examen, que muchas de nuestras ideas previas sobre las conversaciones angelicales resultan engañosas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 232»

«Neither secret, nor pagan, nor overtly magical, Dee's conversations resonate with a wide range of early modern contexts.»Harkness niega tres atributos que se les han adjudicado, el secreto, el paganismo y lo abiertamente mágico, y sostiene que resuenan en cambio con una gama amplia de contextos de la temprana modernidad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 232»

«We have come to see John Dee through a darker glass than that provided by his own time.»Harkness formula la distorsión de la mirada posterior, que vemos a John Dee por un cristal más oscuro que el que le dio su propio tiempo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 232»

«Once praised as one of the most learned men in his native land and received by foreign emperors, kings, and universities as a distinguished member of the European intellectual community, Dee soon slid into ridicule and obscurity.»Harkness describe la caída de la reputación de quien fue alabado como uno de los hombres más doctos de su tierra y recibido por emperadores, reyes y universidades, y pronto resbaló al ridículo y a la oscuridad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 232»

«Between 1624 and 1672 we know nothing of Dee's diaries.»Harkness declara el hueco de la cadena de transmisión, que entre 1624 y 1672 no sabemos nada de los diarios de Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 235»

«Ashmole credits Woodall with purchasing the item "after Dr Dee's death, when his goods wer exposed to Sale," it is also quite possible that Woodall made off with the diaries - either wittingly or unwittingly - after Pontois's death.»Harkness contrapone dos versiones sin decidir entre ellas, la de Ashmole, que acredita a Woodall la compra de la pieza cuando los bienes de Dee se pusieron en venta tras su muerte, y la posibilidad de que Woodall se llevara los diarios, a sabiendas o no, tras la muerte de Pontois

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 235»

«Dee's death and the dispersal of his possessions failed, as the angels had promised, to delete his angel conversations from memory.»Harkness observa que la muerte de Dee y la dispersión de sus bienes no lograron borrar de la memoria sus conversaciones angelicales, tal como los ángeles habían prometido

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 235»

«Some scholars, like Casaubon, were committed to suppressing and discrediting Dee's angel conversations so that others would be discouraged from scrying.»Harkness adjudica a estudiosos como Casaubon el propósito de suprimir y desacreditar las conversaciones angelicales de Dee para desalentar a otros de la scrying

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 235»

«Although a detailed examination of seventeenth-century attitudes promises to reveal new information about experimental practices, the status of the occult sciences, and the growing belief in the power of reason over the power of revelation, such an undertaking is beyond the limits of this study.»Harkness declara el límite de su propio estudio, que un examen detallado de las actitudes del siglo XVII promete información nueva sobre las prácticas experimentales, el estatuto de las ciencias ocultas y la creciente confianza en la razón frente a la revelación, y queda fuera de este libro

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 235»

«Boyle, by his own admission, was "tempted" to try his hand at scrying.»Harkness registra la confesión de Boyle de haberse sentido tentado a probar él mismo la scrying

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 236»

«Dee criticized Dorn for using his monas symbol without acknowledgment ("sine grata nostri mentione") on the title page of his copy of part one of the Chimistici artificii, now New York Society Library no. 86.»Harkness registra la queja de Dee contra Dorn por usar su símbolo de la monas sin reconocimiento en la portada de la primera parte del Chimistici artificii

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 236»

«Though Herbert Breger notes that the "Elias artista school of thought became widespread in the last three decades of the sixteenth century," it is evident that it did not cease to be important after Dee's death.»Harkness adjudica a Herbert Breger la observación de que la corriente de Elías artista se difundió en las tres últimas décadas del siglo XVI, y añade que no dejó de importar tras la muerte de Dee

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 237»

«Ultimately, Breger credits the gradual disappearance of Elias from natural philosophical texts to the "decline in the belief that the world was soon to end . . . and the rise of a new mechanical and rational philosophy.»Harkness recoge la explicación que Breger da de la desaparición gradual de Elías en los textos de filosofía natural, la caída de la creencia en un fin del mundo próximo y el ascenso de una nueva filosofía mecánica y racional

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 237»

«Meric Casaubon, now known almost exclusively for his role in the publication of the angel conversations, found much to fault in Dee's reliance on spiritual advisers and direct revelation.»Harkness señala que Meric Casaubon, hoy conocido casi solo por su papel en la publicación de las conversaciones, halló mucho que reprochar en el apoyo de Dee en consejeros espirituales y en la revelación directa

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 237»

«In Casaubon's estimation, for example, Dee was undoubtedly "a very free and sincere Christian," but Casaubon was not convinced that he really deserved the title of mathematician, despite his piety and devout prayers.»Harkness registra el deslinde de Casaubon, que tenía a Dee sin duda por cristiano muy libre y sincero y no se convencía en cambio de que mereciera el título de matemático, pese a su piedad y sus oraciones devotas

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 237»

«Despite Casaubon's fervent desire that people would abstain from attempting to contact "false lying Spirits," A True and Faithful Relation seems only to have encouraged such activities.»Harkness señala el efecto contrario al buscado: pese al ferviente deseo de Casaubon de que la gente se abstuviera de contactar espíritus falsos y mentirosos, A True and Faithful Relation parece haber alentado justamente esas actividades

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 237»

«It is evident from Hooke's reference to the "many Discourses" he overheard among his friends at the Royal Society that the angel conversations were a popular topic there.»Harkness aduce la referencia de Hooke a los muchos discursos que oyó entre sus colegas de la Royal Society como indicio de que las conversaciones angelicales eran ahí tema popular

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 238»

«Hooke rebuked Casaubon as well, stating that A True and Faithful Relation was "extravagant," despite the fact that he agreed that the documents were a valuable weapon against atheists, "Enthusiasts, who altogether depend upon new Revelations," and those unfortunate enough to seek out witches, conjurers, and astrologers.»Harkness registra que Hooke reprendió también a Casaubon, calificando A True and Faithful Relation de extravagante, y a la vez coincidía en que aquellos documentos eran arma valiosa contra ateos, contra entusiastas que dependen enteramente de revelaciones nuevas y contra quienes buscan brujas, conjuradores y astrólogos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 238»

«Butler was well versed in the contents of A True and Faithful Relation, though he dismisses the conversations as a form of charades produced by Kelly.»Harkness señala que Samuel Butler conocía bien el contenido de A True and Faithful Relation y aun así despachaba las conversaciones como charada montada por Kelly

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 239»

«The protracted metamorphosis of Dee's angel conversations described here - a transformation which led from his own conception of them as the pinnacle of Christian natural philosophy and the way to practice natural philosophy at the end of the world, to the moment when Casaubon published them to discourage conjurers, to Hooke's theory that they were a form of cryptography - has the potential to tell us something about other changes that affected natural philosophy.»Harkness describe la metamorfosis larga de las conversaciones, de cúspide de la filosofía natural cristiana para el propio Dee a publicación de Casaubon para desalentar conjuradores y de ahí a la teoría de Hooke que las tenía por criptografía, y propone que ese recorrido dice algo de otros cambios que afectaron a la filosofía natural

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 239»

«Yet Christian natural philosophy was a vital part of the early modern period's complex intellectual life.»Harkness sostiene que la filosofía natural cristiana fue parte vital de la compleja vida intelectual de la temprana modernidad

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 240»

«The men who advocated and practiced it - such as Agrippa, Paracelsus, and Postel - were among the most lauded scholars of their time.»Harkness apoya esa posición en la estatura de quienes la defendieron y practicaron, Agrippa, Paracelso y Postel, entre los estudiosos más celebrados de su tiempo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 240»

«Keith Thomas, in his examination of early modern prophets and their activities, warned that it is "not enough to describe such men as lunatics."»Harkness suscribe la advertencia de Keith Thomas sobre los profetas de la temprana modernidad, que no basta describir a tales hombres como lunáticos

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 240»

«Instead, Thomas encouraged historians "to explain why their lunacy took this particular form."»Harkness recoge lo que Thomas pedía en su lugar, que los historiadores expliquen por qué su locura tomó esa forma en particular

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 240»

«In the case of Dee, it was his challenge to practice natural philosophy with a corrupted text - the Book of Nature - which encouraged him to find a new, incontrovertible source of natural philosophical information.»Harkness aplica ese criterio al caso de Dee y sitúa el impulso en el desafío de practicar filosofía natural con un texto corrompido, el Libro de la Naturaleza, que lo llevó a buscar una fuente nueva e incontrovertible

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 240»

«John Dee's angel conversations came into being at a particular moment and time, and blended into a unique, but comprehensible, attempt to practice natural philosophy at the end of the world.»Harkness cierra situando las conversaciones angelicales en su momento y su tiempo, como intento singular pero comprensible de practicar filosofía natural en el fin del mundo

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 240»

«More recently, Dee's angel conversations have been cast out of natural philosophy entirely, and little space has been reserved for Christian natural philosophers like John Dee.»Harkness objeta el desenlace historiográfico, que en tiempos recientes las conversaciones angelicales de Dee han quedado expulsadas por completo de la filosofía natural y que se ha reservado poco espacio a filósofos naturales cristianos como él

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 240»

About the work

12 entries — what the apparatus and scholarship say about it

«Dee's final surviving angel conversation, dated 2 July 1607 25 3 The Sigillum Dei, inscribed in and used as a support for Dee's crystal showstone 36 4 A page from the Liber Logaeth showing numbers and letters inscribed in a table 42 5 A page from the angel diaries showing Dee's command of cabala and Hebrew 163 6 Diary entry in which Dee sketched the angel Carmara, an example of Dee's practices of marginal notation and underlining 170 7 Illustration of "Fermentatio" from Mylius's Philosophia reformata 211»el pie de la lámina que fecha la última conversación conservada.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 9»

«for a sensitive but still guarded interpretation»cómo valora Harkness la lectura de Frances Yates.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 16»

«Shumaker interpreted the angel diaries as evidence that Dee was gullible to a fault, pointing out that "even in his own period few men were so susceptible to the portentous»la objeción de Wayne Shumaker.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 17»

«But he was forced to admit that Dee appeared entirely rational throughout, noting he "does not lose control, he does not rave, but transcribes the visions and conversations reported by his scryers with sober accuracy»y lo que el propio Shumaker concede.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 17»

«Dee's angel diaries remained an intellectual aberration to Clulee, one that "cannot be considered as science or natural philosophy," despite their inclusion of concepts from the cabalistic and alchemical traditions»la de Nicholas Clulee.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 17»

«Dee's natural philosophy was based on a theory of astral radiation»a quien Harkness invoca, en cambio, para anclar el showstone en la óptica.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 132»

«the largest collection of Hebrew language materials in England during the early modern period»G. Lloyd Jones sobre la biblioteca hebrea de Dee.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 101»

«Pantheus's work contained an alphabet labeled "Enochian" that strongly resembles Dee's divine script»y la tercera hipótesis sobre el origen del alfabeto divino, que Harkness expone sin elegir entre las tres.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 182»

«in Mylius's Philosophia reformata (1622) an engraving appeared which included, not only the revivification of the dead, but also the philosopher sowing gold and an angel blowing a trumpet signaling the Apocalypse, when the dead shall rise and be damned or redeemed»el grabado de Mylius donde convergen resurrección alquímica y apocalipsis.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 225»

«Casaubon hoped that the publication of the sordid details of Dee's angel conversations would convert atheists to a belief in the spiritual world, moderate the opinions of advocates of prophecy and revelation (such as the Anabaptists) who relied too much on spirits for answers to their dilemmas, and encourage people to appreciate the power of prayer»el propósito editorial que Harkness le atribuye a Meric Casaubon.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 237»

«Hooke referred scathingly to the angel conversations as "Dr. Dee's Delusion," though he considered Dee to have been "an extraordinary Man, both for Learning, Ingenuity and Industry»el juicio de Robert Hooke, con la concesión que lo acompaña.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 238»

«He believed that the conversations should not be accepted at face value, but were a form of cryptography - one of Hooke's own passions - which hid valuable political information that Dee had gathered for Queen Elizabeth»y su lectura criptográfica.

Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999)«Harkness — John Dee's Conversations with Angels (1999) · p. 238»

Concepts treated

Piedra filosofal (lapis philosophorum)El ángel Och es guardián de la piedra filosofal y de la alquimia en el sistema de Dee.

harkness-dee-conversations · p. 66

Mónada (el glifo que condensa el esquema entero)La Monas como cábala real: gematría, zeruf y notarikon aplicados al propio símbolo, que reduce los «signos bárbaros» a proporciones místicas.

harkness-dee-conversations · pp. 103, 157

Cristal de InvocacionEl showstone como foco óptico que amplifica las influencias divinas — al menos tres piedras distintas, ninguna el espejo de obsidiana de la leyenda.

harkness-dee-conversations · pp. 44, 132

Works cited

Conversation

what readers say — distinct from what is recorded in the entry, which carries a citation