Renaissance Philosophy

«The philosophy of the Renaissance-that is, of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries-unlike the political and religious developments, the literature, and the art of the same period, and unlike the philosophy of classical antiquity, of the modern period after Bacon and Descartes» — Kristeller acota el campo en el prólogo que firma.

«Aristotle became the primary authority for philosophy-ille philosophus, he was called, 'the philosopher'» — la autoridad primaria, con su apodo.

«Within thirty years of 1470, for example, about seven hundred books relating to Aristotle were printed» — la medida impresa del aristotelismo.

«a body of semi-philosophical religious material called the Hermetic Corpus because of its false attribution to Hermes Trismegistus, a Greek avatar of the Egyptian god Thoth» — la atribución hermética, adjudicada como falsa.

«This misbegotten genealogy, certified by Lactantius, Augustine, and other Church Fathers, was to have a profound effect on the historiography of philosophical and other fields of learning even after Isaac Casaubon proved it mistaken in the early seventeenth century» — el ciclo entero de esa atribución: certificación patrística y demolición de Casaubon, que el libro data solo por siglo.

«the only part of the Corpus Hermeticum known to the Middle Ages. Much improved in its next printing of 1472» — el Asclepius latino; las impresiones de 1471 y 1472 que la frase enumera son del Pimander de Ficino, no del Asclepius.

«In 1462 Ficino had already received his first Plato manuscript from Cosimo» — la entrega del manuscrito.

«All the works of Plato that Ficino translated were ready before the end of the decade, at least in draft, but they were printed only in 1484» — la traducción de los diálogos y su impresión.

«Cosimo had obtained a fourteenth-century Greek text of the first fourteen discourses of the Corpus Hermeticum» — el códice del que sale la traducción.

«He finished the job of translating the fourteen discourses of Hermes in 1463» — la fecha de esa traducción.

«They called him Trismegistus or thrice-greatest because he was the greatest philosopher and the greatest priest and the greatest king» — el prefacio de Ficino al Pimander, citado en bloque por los coautores: es voz de Ficino, no de ellos.

«Ficino actually diminished the historicity of Platonism by superimposing a mythic genealogy, the idea of an ancient theology rooted in Mosaic times, on the real historical connections that he knew only in bare outline distorted by chronological error» — el juicio de los coautores sobre Ficino.

«Ficino wrote so passionately because he believed that the providential mission of pia philosophia was to lead humanity toward a 'learned faith' ( docta religio)» — la misión que le adjudican a la pia philosophia.

«his Three Books on Life of 1489, the third of which, the book On Arranging One's Life According to the Heavens, was the most influential Renaissance treatment of the theory of magic» — el juicio recae sobre el LIBRO TERCERO y sobre la teoría de la magia a secas; y la fecha 1489, que las notas daban por ausente, está impresa aquí.

«Ficino's main interest in the third book On Life was in natural magic, ways of using plants, stones, musical sounds, and other natural abjects as sources of unusual power without any appeal to persona!, supernatural agents such as demons or angels» — la definición de magia natural, con las grafías del OCR («abjects», «persona!») tal como las imprime la capa de texto.

«he used them as talismans, signs of planets and stars like those that Ficino described in his Three Books on Life as capable of drawing down demonic forces from the skies» — el sujeto de la frase es Bruno, glosando el De vita de segunda mano.

«Not yet twenty-four years old, Pico wrote the Oration in the autumn of 1486 to introduce his most audacious project, the nine hundred Conclusiones or theses that he planned to defend publicly in Rome early in the next year» — las novecientas tesis, con el otoño de 1486 impreso y 1487 solo como «early in the next year».

«Worried about the heterodoxy of a few of Pico's theses and perhaps about the sheer daring of his plan, Pope Innocent VIII forestalled the public disputation by appointing a commission to investigate the Conclusions, but not before Pico had them printed» — la comisión de Inocencio VIII.

«three theses heretical and ten others suspect, Pico hastily drafted an Apologia that was no apology and published it as well, provoking the pope to condemn the whole set of Conclusions» — el saldo de la comisión —trece tesis— y la Apologia.

«If the latter \Vere related to the quodlibetal disputations that permitted medieval scholars to debate any topic of their choice, the former was in the tradition of the academic inaugural speech, whose first part customarily praised the speaker's discipline-in Pico's case, philosophy-and whose second part defended the speaker's approach to that discipline» — el género de las Conclusiones frente al del discurso inaugural; «\Vere» es OCR de «Were».

«Although the Apology repeated a large portion of the Oration, the complete text was published only in 1496, two years after Pico <lied, and it acquired the title On the Dignity of Man only» — la publicación póstuma de 1496 y el título de 1557; «<lied» es OCR de «died».

«there is no science that gives us more certainty of Christ's divinity than magic and Cabala» — la tesis de Pico que los coautores llaman «His most troublesome claim».

«he met his Hebrew teacher years later in Florence-Samuel ben Nissim Abulfaraj, a Sicilian rabbi known after bis conversion as Guglielmo Raimondo Moncada or Flavius Mithridates. Flavius, who had worked earlier in the curia of Pope Sixtus IV, translated thousands of pages of Cabala for Pico, who displayed his new learning in one hundred and eighteen Cabalist theses arranged in two groups and published with the other Conclusions in 1486» — Flavius Mithridates y las ciento dieciocho tesis cabalísticas.

«Pico's greatest innovation in Cabala was to derive the name of Jesus from the holiest Hebrew name of God as if it encoded a Christian secret, but he owed such insights to» — lo que Pico le debe a su traductor, de quien el libro dice que alteraba lo que vertía.

«Lull did not write the alchen1ical works attributed to him» — la adjudicación del corpus alquímico luliano; «alchen1ical» es OCR de «alchemical».

«Alchemy began in late antiquity, developed in the Moslem world, and arrived in Latin Europe to spread alongside Aristotelian natural philosophy from the thirteenth century onward» — el recorrido de los textos alquímicos.

«Alchemical texts circulated abundantly, often attached to such familiar and authoritative names as Aristotle, Aquinas, Albert, or Lull, making it hard even today to tell the genuine from the counterfeit» — el mecanismo que explica la atribución: los nombres de autoridad como percha.

«and popular works published under his name are spurious. Later Paracelsian thought, which peaked in the seventeenth century, derived almost entirely from Latin texts and mixed the founder's doctrines with accretions and digests from his followers» — el pseudo-Paracelso: los añadidos se adjudican al paracelsismo posterior, no al propio corpus; «Sorne» es OCR de «Some».

«he wandered all over Europe until his death in 1541, first apprenticed to his physician father, then studying medicine at Ferrara, and perhaps also learning magic from the monk Trithemius» — el aprendizaje con Trithemius, que el libro da con «perhaps».

«A rougher and more resolute fideism appeared in the Invective Declamation on the Uncertainty and Vanity of the Sciences, written by Henry Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim in 1526. Agrippa had many targets in this disorderly diatribe: the corrupt clergy, his own earlier belief in occultism» — la invectiva de 1526; entre sus blancos, el propio ocultismo anterior de Agrippa.

«Rabelais made fun of Agrippa in the Tiers Livre, where he appears as Herr Trippa, the double-talking magician who 'doesn't know the first line of philosophy, which is "know thyself» — la sátira de Rabelais.

«Bruno wrote that '"magus" means a wise man who has the power to act'» — la definición que Bruno da de «magus».

«Most important are the three long Latin poems with prose accompanimentactually a single composition-published in Frankfurt in 1591» — la trilogía de Frankfurt: el libro la llama una sola composición.

«Bruno burned for philosophy; he was killed for moral, physical, and metaphysical views that terrified and angered the authorities» — la causa de la condena.

«He recanted and then withdrew his recantation-of what we do not know because the most important records were destroyed» — la abstención del libro sobre el contenido de la retractación.

«It was probably in the fifth century but after Augustine's time that an unknown author influenced by the Neoplatonism of the period of Proclus wrote four Greek works titled Divine Names, Mystical Theology, Celestial Hierarchy, and Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, along with ten surviving letters» — la datación del pseudo-Dionisio, con sus cuatro títulos y sus diez cartas.

«The most convincing criticism came in the 1440s from Lorenzo Valla, who in his Collation of the New ·Testament subjected them to the same philological tests that uncovered the forged Donation of Constantine» — la objeción de Valla y su método filológico.

«Philology and philosophy were married most creatively in the person of Lorenzo Valla, who made himself notorious in 1440 by showing that the so called 'Donation of Constantine' (a priceless document that traced papal power and property in the West to an imperial gift) was a forgery» — la Donación de Constantino, con la fecha 1440.

«occupies less than six per cent of Russell's long text, whose verdict is that the Renaissance 'produced no important theoretical philosopher' and 'was not a period of great achievement in philosophy'» — la sentencia de Russell, que el libro trae partida en dos fragmentos entrecomillados dentro de su propia frase.

«Russell acknowledged humanism as 'a step towards emancipation, since the ancients disagreed ... , and individual judgement was required to decide which of them to follow'» — la otra mitad de ese juicio, en el mismo locator: el libro consigna que Russell no es unívocamente despectivo.

«The first two chapters contain more of his writing, down to the sentence level, than the last four, where his voice can be heard more in the larger structure of the chapters than in their sentences» — Copenhaver declara en el prefacio el reparto de la prosa entre los dos autores.

«Charles's 22,000 words in those three chapters grew to 66,000» — y lo cuantifica.

«Aristotelian and sceptical thought are prominent because Charles rightly believed that early modern philosophy owed more to them than past interpretations have allowed» — Copenhaver adjudica a Schmitt la tesis que estructura el volumen.

«the present volume-begun by Charles B. Schmitt and completed by Brian P. Copenhaver» — Paul Oskar Kristeller, en el prólogo que firma, describe así la autoría del volumen.

«Yates's views on the Hermetic element in Bruno have been controversial, esp. among historians of science; sec Westman and McGuire (1977); Vickers (1979); Copenhaver (1988a; 1990)» — la nota en que el volumen consigna la controversia sobre Yates sin arbitrarla, y en la que Copenhaver se cita a sí mismo entre las partes.

«there is no textual evidence of the direct influence that Cassirer claimed» — la objeción a Ernst Cassirer sobre la influencia de Cusa en Pico.

«Still less would any current student of Pico sustain Pater's verdict of neo-paganism» — la objeción a Walter Pater sobre el neopaganismo de Pico.

«rhetorical impact explains such reactions as Pater's, who found it so convincing that he read his own attitudes into it» — y el motivo que le adjudican: método, no dato.

«Giulio Pace, who revised Isaac Casaubon's complete edition of Aristotle in 1597» — Casaubon en su otro papel dentro del volumen, como editor de Aristóteles.

«which Perkins denounced as evil and idolatrous» — William Perkins contra el sistema mnemónico que Dicson aprendió de Bruno.

«Perkins preferred it as more natural and more efficient than the system that Dicson learned from Bruno, which Perkins denounced as evil and idolatrous» — el sistema que Perkins prefería.

«critics like Perkins might well have objected to its theological pretensions and unscriptural origins in the medieval mysticism of John Scotus Eriugena» — y el linaje que esos críticos le imputaban al arte luliano.

«who changed the meanings of the texts that he rendered and sometimes augmented the originals in ways that would have dismayed their authors» — el juicio del volumen sobre Flavius Mithridates como traductor.

«the academies, whose members were often fond of the practical side of astrology and alchemy» — la única otra plana del cuerpo donde el volumen trata la alquimia como práctica de época.