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The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy

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Un libro sobre CAUSAS. Su tesis es que la filosofía oculta europea temprano-moderna heredó de los autores árabes una manera de explicar la influencia de los astros que no era solo semiológica sino causal: «the connection between the celestial world and the terrestrial is not only semiological expressed by the dictum "as above so below", it is also causal, that is, "because of above, so below"» «Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 198». De ahí el corolario que ordena todo el volumen: la epistemología oculta temprano-moderna «comprises the knowledge of causes, signs and spirits» «Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 197».

Los textos que rastrea son seis: el Kitab al-Madkhal al-kabir ila ‘ilm ahkam al-nujum de Abu Ma‘shar al-Balkhi, el De radiis de Ya‘qub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi, el Ghayat al-hakim de Maslama al-Qurtubi —«known in the Latin West as the Picatrix»—, la Metafísica del Kitab al-Shifa’ de Avicena, y los dos anónimos Theology of Aristotle y Sirr al-asrar «Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 9». Los tres vehículos de la influencia astral que distingue van con su autor: el calor en Abu Ma‘shar, los rayos en al-Kindi, las ruhaniyyat en el Picatrix «Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 198».

Contra la lectura que hace de Ficino, Pico y Dee herederos de un «hermetismo» renacentista, Saif sostiene que las referencias a Hermes en las obras árabes y temprano-modernas se concentran en la PRÁCTICA y no en la teoría «Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 105», y recoge de Charles Schmitt que «Hermeticism never becomes a real driving force of any significant cultural movement during the Renaissance» «Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 105». La discrepancia con Yates queda consignada como tal, con las dos voces, y no se resuelve aquí.

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«Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · pp. 5, 3»

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Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015)
inglés · 2015 · Basingstoke / Nueva York

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572 entries — the work's own voice, with its passage

572 passages

«This book investigates the impact of Arabic astrological and magical theories on the development of this area of early modern occult philosophy.» — declara su objeto en la primera página de la Introducción.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 9Link to passage

«‘Arabic’ here refers to the language used by a group of authors, active between the eighth and thirteenth centuries but who were not necessarily all Arabs.» — define el adjetivo del título como lengua, no como etnia.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 9Link to passage

«Early modern occult philosophy involved two parallel modes of theorization: the hermeneutic and the causal.» — el armazón epistemológico del libro.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 10Link to passage

«Arabic natural philosophers, astrologers and magi devised an astral causality that was physical and psychic, compatible with a semiological approach to nature and the heavens.»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 11Link to passage

«This treatment of natural and occult philosophy as a reconciliation of three epistemological strategies, namely, causal, semiological and volitional, prevents the reduction of early modern occult philosophy to a singular philosophical stream, whether it is Neoplatonism, ‘Hermeticism’, Kabbalah, etc.»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 11Link to passage

«This book lets the texts themselves divulge their own paradigms. Astrology and magic are viewed as neither distinct from, nor relative to, science as it is understood today, but as a way of knowing that approaches the universe in terms of signs, causes and spirits.» — su declaración de método.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 12Link to passage

«Understanding the stars as signs needed the sophisticated interpretive skills of an astrologer; as causes they required the knowledge of a natural philosopher; and as animated entities – not demons – they needed the theories of a metaphysician.»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 9Link to passage

«Astrology and magic thus entwined to become part – even an application – of natural philosophy.»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 9Link to passage

«the early modern universe was not merely mechanical – governed by causation only – but a living entity with which the occultist could interact on empirical, hermeneutic and spiritual levels.» — cierra el resumen de capítulos.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 15Link to passage

«early modern occult epistemology comprises the knowledge of causes, signs and spirits.» — la fórmula de la Conclusión.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 197Link to passage

«the connection between the celestial world and the terrestrial is not only semiological expressed by the dictum ‘as above so below’, it is also causal, that is, ‘because of above, so below’.» — la primera de las cuatro doctrinas árabes que enumera.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 198Link to passage

«They do so by means of heat (Abu Ma‘shar), rays (al-Kindi) and ruhaniyyat (Picatrix).» — los tres vehículos, cada uno con su fuente.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 198Link to passage

«natural magic is inherently astral because its efficacy stems from astral powers that pour into the world below» — tercera doctrina; el talismán queda «ensouled» al recibir actualidad astral.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 198Link to passage

«the mage, as a microcosm, is granted an ontological and epistemological privilege that facilitates the recognition of signs, the comprehension of causes, and the connection with cosmic vital principles.» — cuarta doctrina.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 198Link to passage

«the Arabic theories reconciled Aristotelian causality with the Platonic and Neoplatonic animated universe.»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 198Link to passage

«Behind every physical cause was a volitional psychological one. Celestial souls or daemons were God’s agents and administrators of His will without which nothing could cause and nothing was caused.»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 201Link to passage

«Abu Ma‘shar alone attempts to justify the validity of astrological science by the use of natural philosophy.» — cita de Richard Lemay sobre el Great Introduction.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 16Link to passage

Consigna que Abu Ma‘shar empezó su carrera como estudiante de teología y luego se volvió hacia la astrología, y abre el Great Introduction con la alabanza a Dios que hizo de los planetas «signs and guides to be followed».

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 18Link to passage

«In Islam predictions come under the category of ‘ilm al-ghayb – knowledge of that which is veiled – this knowledge is only available to God.» — el marco doctrinal contra el que la astrología tuvo que legitimarse.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · pp. 17-18Link to passage

Registra que Abu Ma‘shar distingue en la ciencia de los juicios de los astros una parte teórica (‘ilmi) y una práctica (‘amali), y reserva ‘ilm para «ciencia» frente a ma‘rifa para el conocimiento general.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · pp. 20, 19Link to passage

«The occult was a way of knowing, an epistemic activity in the Middle Ages and the early modern period.» — abre el capítulo sobre De radiis y el Picatrix.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 33Link to passage

«This art is divulged openly among the philosophers.» — Ibn al-Nadim sobre la magia talismánica, la única de las tres que no se oculta.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 34Link to passage

«whoever studies philosophy and geometry and all other sciences and is a stranger to astrology will be hindered or obstructed, because the most valuable geometry and highest philosophy is the science of images» — Thabit ibn Qurra en el incipit, apelando a Aristóteles.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 34Link to passage

Recoge de Ibn Khaldun la definición de talismanes y hechicería como «sciences showing how human souls may become prepared to exercise an influence upon the world of the elements», y su distinción: el hechicero opera sin ayuda celeste, el talismanista la necesita.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 35Link to passage

Consigna que Ibn Khaldun condena todo tipo de magia, y de la astral escribe que dirigirse a las esferas y los astros con veneración «such notion is unbelief».

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 35Link to passage

Data en los siglos XIII y XIV un desplazamiento del pensamiento oculto islámico: de teorías fundadas en la filosofía natural a fundamentos tomados del misticismo religioso, con el florecimiento del sufismo.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 35Link to passage

«Al-Kindi’s De radiis – also known as Theorica artium magicarum – exists only in Latin since its Arabic original has not been discovered.» — Añade que la atribución a al-Kindi, discutida, la sostienen los paralelos conceptuales, textuales y estilísticos establecidos por Weisner, Adamson y otros.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · pp. 35, 36Link to passage

«In De radiis, however, al-Kindi explicates the physical agent of this dynamic: astral rays.» — donde Abu Ma‘shar hablaba de magnetismo y calor.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 36Link to passage

Objeta la lectura que separa los cinco primeros capítulos del De radiis de los cuatro últimos: «there is nothing in De radiis to support Travaglia’s dichotomous view; we must read the ontological and cosmological through the occultist’s eye».

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 36Link to passage

«Al-Kindi’s discussion of the rays’ cosmological and ontological functions marries Peripatetic notions of causation and Neoplatonic emanationism.»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 36Link to passage

«the arrangement of the stars governs the world of elements and all things in it composed of them, at whatever time or place, to such an extent that there is no substance, no accident that exists here without also being in its way figured in the sky.» — al-Kindi citado por Saif.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 37Link to passage

«astral magic is an act of ‘informing’ and ‘ensouling’ that entails harnessing the rays of planets, stars and constellations to charge an object» — su definición operativa del talismán.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 38Link to passage

Registra que el Sirr al-asrar es la parte final del Kitab al-siyasa fi tadbir al-ri’asa, se presenta como epístola de Aristóteles a Alejandro y declara haber pasado del griego al siríaco y al árabe por Yahya ibn al-Bitriq — «there is not enough evidence to ascertain the existence of a Greek original».

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 42Link to passage

«all the terrestrial forms are ruled by the celestial higher and spiritual forms» — el Sirr al-asrar citado por Saif; de ahí que los sigilos aseguren «the reception of their rays».

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · pp. 42, 43Link to passage

Objeta a Pingree que reparta las prácticas del Ghaya entre lo neoplatónico sofisticado y lo «nauseous»: «Pingree unfairly supposes morality, or lack thereof, a theoretical problem or a shortcoming in the Ghaya’s occultism.»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 44Link to passage

«in the Ghaya all of them fall under the term ‘astral magic’ according to this framework» — porque todo es astral si los astros son la causa eficiente de generación y corrupción.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 44Link to passage

«The aim here is to show that semiology, causality and spirituality are reconciled in the Ghaya.»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 45Link to passage

Consigna que las potencias espirituales del Ghaya, sobre todo las astrales, se explican como multiplicación e individuación del Alma Universal por emanación, lo que las aleja de los «demons», «devils», Jinn o shayateen.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 45Link to passage

«Magic in the Ghaya is part of ‘wisdom, a science of the distant causes – through which existing things exist – and the proximate causes of things’» — Esa sabiduría tiene dimensión gnóstica: «it illuminates the intellect and the soul with beautiful eternal radiance».

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 45Link to passage

Recoge de Abu Ma‘shar, en el Kitab al-Uluf, la genealogía de los tres Hermes: el primero nieto de Adán, anterior al Diluvio, que los hebreos tuvieron por Enoc y los árabes por Idris; el segundo, salvador del saber divino tras el Diluvio y maestro de Pitágoras; el tercero, autor de un libro de alquimia y maestro de Asclepio.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 103Link to passage

About the work

33 entries — what the apparatus and scholarship say about it

33 passages

El volumen aparece en la serie «Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic», dirigida por Jonathan Barry, Willem de Blécourt y Owen Davies.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 2Link to passage

«The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.» — la página de créditos, que abre con «© Liana Saif 2015» y data la primera edición en Palgrave Macmillan ese año.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 5Link to passage

La serie declara su propósito: iluminar los aspectos menos estudiados de la historia de la brujería y la magia, e incluir investigación que mire más allá de Europa occidental.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 2Link to passage

«The distance between the Middle Ages and the new age is the distance between the closed universe, an unchanging, static world which has no history and an infinite universe which is open to all possibilities.» — Eugenio Garin, citado por Saif como la posición que su libro contesta.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 13Link to passage

«The ban of the medieval Church on magic had forced it into dark holes and corners, where the magician plied his abominated art in secrecy.» — Frances Yates, citada a continuación de Garin como eco de la misma posición.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 13Link to passage

«The content of the Hermetic writings fostered the illusion of the Renaissance Magus that he had in them a mysterious and precious account of most ancient Egyptian wisdom, philosophy, and magic.» — Yates citada por Saif; y sigue: «This huge historical error was to have amazing results.»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · pp. 103, 104Link to passage

«Hermeticism never becomes a real driving force of any significant cultural movement during the Renaissance.» — conclusión de Charles Schmitt que Saif recoge.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 105Link to passage

«It is now generally agreed that there is no consistent philosophy or even a fundamental metaphysical framework underpinning the treatises» — Michael J. B. Allen sobre los tratados herméticos, citado por Saif.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 104Link to passage

«Some of the scholars whose work contributed to our modern scientific age, found magic, alchemy, and astrology no less stimulating than the new interest in mathematical abstraction, observation, and experiment.» — Allen G. Debus citado por Saif, que aun así lo lee como variante estratégica del positivismo.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · pp. 11, 12Link to passage

Consigna que Ibn Khaldun atribuye el Ghayat al-hakim a «Maslama ibn Ahmad al-Majriti», «the leading Spanish scholar in the mathematical and magical sciences», mientras que la propia Saif lo da por obra de Maslama al-Qurtubi (m. 964).

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · pp. 35, 34Link to passage

«Enchantment accompanies the meeting of living perspectives which are both bodied and minded, ensouled and enworlded.» — Patrick Curry, con quien Saif cierra el libro.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 201Link to passage

El epígrafe del libro es un poema de John Booker (1603–67) en elogio de William Lilly, que enumera la genealogía de la astrología inglesa: «Trismegiscus, Hercules, Pythagoras, Thales, Archimedes, Great Ptolomy, and Julius Firmicus, Albumazar, and Albategnius» — las grafías son las del impreso del siglo XVII.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 8Link to passage

«the whole naturall grounds of the Art, in a fit Method: that thereby I may undeceive those, who maisled by some Pedling Divines […] have upon no» — y sigue el reproche a quienes «conceived Astrology to consist upon Diabolicall Principles: a most scandalous untruth»» — William Lilly en su Christian Astrology, con quien Saif abre.

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 8Link to passage

«we know he was born in Balkh in Khurasan on 21 Safar 171 AH/10 August 787 AD; and according to Ibn al-Nadim he died in al-Wasit in central Iraq on 29 Ramadan 272 AH/9 March 886» — la doble datación de Abu Ma‘shar, por su discípulo Shadhan y por Ibn al-Nadim

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 16Link to passage

«In his Fihrist, completed in 377 AH/987–8 AD, the biographer Abu al-» — el censo de obras que da el Fihrist

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 16Link to passage

«Maqala fi al-tillismat (A Treatise on Talismans) by the astrologer and astronomer Thabit ibn Qurra (826–901), also mentioned by Ibn al-Nadim» — el tratado de talismanes de Thabit ibn Qurra

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 34Link to passage

«This text no longer exists in Arabic but is known from two twelfth-century Latin translations, the first by John of Seville as De imaginibus» — su supervivencia solo por traducción latina

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 34Link to passage

«the two anonymous texts the Theology of Aristotle and Sirr al-asrar (Secret of Secrets» — los dos textos anónimos del corpus que Saif estudia

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 9Link to passage

«These texts were brought to Europe as a result of the increased contact with Muslim Spain and Byzantium and were translated into Latin during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries» — la vía de entrada a Europa

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 9Link to passage

«Even the efficacy of animal sacrifices is given natural reasons (rationem naturalem habere) by al-Kindi» — al-Kindi naturaliza incluso el sacrificio animal

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 42Link to passage

«the violence of the action will result in a sudden release of the animal’s rays, causing a kind of ripple in the universal harmony thus affecting the immediate natural world» — y el mecanismo que le atribuye: los rayos liberados alteran la armonía universal

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 42Link to passage

«The author – now believed to be Maslama al-Qurtubi – claims in the introduction to have completed the work in 348 AH/959 AD» — la datación del Ghaya por declaración de su propio autor

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 43Link to passage

«Ghayat al-hakim is a compendium containing a description of practices from diverse sources, Sabean, Indian, Greek, Nabatean and more» — y su carácter de compendio de fuentes diversas

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 43Link to passage

«Each one is a cause (‘illa) to what is below it and an effect (ma‘lul) of what is above it» — la estructura causal de las hipóstasis en el Ghaya

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 46Link to passage

«The author rejects a purely mechanical reality and explains that the celestial world can be experienced empirically (bi al-hiss)» — y el rechazo de una realidad puramente mecánica

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 46Link to passage

«In his Summa theologica, Aquinas mentions two kinds of divinatory practices: the first acquires foreknowledge of the future with the help of demons and is a type of ‘necromancy’; the second depends on observing the disposition of things» — la partición de la adivinación en Aquino

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 87Link to passage

«what makes magical effects different from magnetism in nature is the imagination; he adds: ‘the main magical importance of occult qualities is in the resultant planetary grouping of objects [ … ] or one could just sit and imagine them» — la posición de Walker, citada por Saif

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 101Link to passage

«Angela Voss follows and argues that the active principle in Ficino’s magic is found in the ‘soulful realm of imagination» — y la de Voss, que Saif objeta

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 101Link to passage

«he owned between 22 and 27 manuscripts of St Augustine’s Library, 80 per cent of which were works on astrology, magic and alchemy» — la biblioteca de Dee, en cifras

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 148Link to passage

«He acquired a rare manuscript of Johannes Trithemius’s cryptograph the Steganographia (1499) in Antwerp» — y la Steganographia comprada en Amberes

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 148Link to passage

«the preface he wrote for Henry Billingsley’s English translation of Euclid’s Elements which was published in 1570» — el prefacio de Dee a los Elementos de Euclides

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 147Link to passage

«it was intentionally addressed to the public to be navigated by those other than Latinreading university students» — y a quién iba dirigido; el corte de línea parte «Latin-reading»

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 147Link to passage

«Copenhaver describes it as ‘the fullest Renaissance exposition of a theory of magic and the most influential statement written in post-classical times» — el juicio de Copenhaver sobre el De vita de Ficino

Saif — The Arabic Influences on Early Modern Occult Philosophy (2015) · p. 98Link to passage

Concepts treated

Magia Natural — Es inherentemente astral: su eficacia procede de las potencias astrales que se derraman sobre el mundo de abajo.

saif-arabic-influences · p. 198

Talismán (imagen astrológica) — Construido con materiales elegidos por simpatía y ejecutado bajo condiciones astrológicas precisas, recibe actualidad astral y en cierto modo queda «ensouled».

saif-arabic-influences · p. 198

Anima mundi (alma del mundo) — El Alma Universal y sus manifestaciones celestes se integran en una causalidad volitiva: transmiten la influencia astral y animan el universo.

saif-arabic-influences · p. 10

Microcosmos (el hombre-mundo) — El mago, como microcosmos, recibe un privilegio ontológico y epistemológico que le permite reconocer signos, comprender causas y conectarse con los principios vitales cósmicos.

saif-arabic-influences · p. 198

Imaginación (phantasia) — Es instrumento para reconocer signos y afinar el espíritu, pero no el principio activo de la magia: Saif objeta la lectura de Walker y Voss.

saif-arabic-influences · p. 101

Theurgia (obra divina) — En el Asclepius los métodos de animación de estatuas son teúrgicos y en las Enéadas místicos; Ficino insiste en cambio en que su medicomagia es natural y astral.

saif-arabic-influences · p. 124

Ocultismo (occultisme) — Lo oculto es una manera de conocer, una actividad epistémica del Medioevo y de la temprana modernidad, no una anomalía.

saif-arabic-influences · p. 33

Spiritus mundi (espíritu del mundo) — Los rayos del espíritu cósmico son el medio por el que los espíritus medicinales reciben y absorben la influencia astral benéfica.

saif-arabic-influences · p. 199

Horas planetarias — Hay que elegir el momento oportuno en que la influencia del planeta o de la configuración es más poderosa, con Saturno benigno y los rayos cayendo en el lugar de la operación.

saif-arabic-influences · p. 43

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