Lemegeton Clavicula Salomonis

«The Lemegeton is a popular handbook of sorcery known from the 17th century» — [PETERSON] la presentación del conjunto.

«which containeth all the names, orders and offices of all the spirits that ever he hadd any converse with, with the seales or Characters belongeing to Each spirit, and the manner of calling them forth to [visible] appearance, in 5 Parts, called Books» — [TEXTO] y la lista de los cinco libros, en el propio grimorio.

«The title Lemegeton was no doubt adopted from a reference cited in Ars Notoria, which describes it as Solomon's “treatise of spiritual and secret experiments” (tractu spiritualium & secretorum experimentorum). See page 170 below» — [EMENDMENTS] Peterson RETRACTÓ la tesis del nombre acuñado por ignorancia; esta es la que la sustituye, en su fe de erratas posterior a la publicación.

«The name Lemegeton was probably naively invented because of the compiler’s ignorance of Latin. Add: Other manuscripts not utilized include Sloane 3824, titled “Longobardus”, “He appeareth when the Sun is in some of the Southern signs, in a human shape.” Add footnote: This spirit occurs as one invoked into a crystal in order to discover a thief, treasure, etc. variously given as Andromalcum, Andromalce, and Andrewemalcus. See Sloane 3847 fol. 17r-18r for an example. ... in time of acction &c. Sa al) “(in Hebrew letters should read: “(in Hebrew letters)” 133 , ’ Ssh ik Mal should read: thou art PART I: OF THE ARTE should read: PART II: THE ART THEURGIA GOETIA GOETIA Add the following drawing: ) 114,115 a 26 v ¢ 130, |. 17 1 should read: signall [i.e. extraordinary] should read: Panael Procell should read: Procell{Pucel] (20. Byleth] should ircad: justecit {23. Belial] [date eS should read: didicisse should read: Mechiel Add: The formulas below differ somewhat from Paracelsus’ original, Sudhoff, Paracelsus: Samtliche Werke. Abt. 1, Bd. 14: Das Volumen primum der Philosophia magna, Oldenbourg: Miinchen [u.a.] 1933: Aries: Iron 1 Lot, Gold half Lot, Silver 1 Dr., Copper half Dr.; Taurus: Copper 1 Oz., Iron half Oz., Tin 1 Dr., Gold 2 Oz.; Virgo: Copper 1 Dr., Gold half Oz., Silver 2 Dr., Tin half Dr; Aquarius: Gold 1 Lot, Silver 1 Oz., Lead 2 Dr., Iron 1 Dr.; Pisces: Gold 1 Dr., Silver 2 Dr, Tin 4 Dr., Iron 1 Dr., Copper 1 Dr. Paulina basically follows Turner's translation, except for mistakenly omitting Silver in the seal of Aries. 137, footnote 116 cel eee (43. Focalor] should read: <three> [thirty] legions (52. fistit Amduscias] Cy LE [62. Balam] responet should read: respondet» — [PETERSON] y la tesis que esa enmienda retira.

«for so Solomon also saith in his Treatise Lemegeton, that is, in his Treatise of Spiritual and Secret Experiments» — [TEXTO/Turner] el pasaje de la Ars Notoria en que Peterson apoya la tesis nueva.

«The oldest book of the collection, Ars Notoria, is a Medieval grimoire of the Solomonic Cycle» — [PETERSON] la Ars Notoria como la pieza más vieja.

«In a 1531 list of magical texts, Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa mentioned three of the books of the Lemegeton in the same breath, Ars Almadel, Ars Notoria, and Ars Paulina» — [PETERSON] Agrippa enumerándolas juntas en 1531.

«Thus the bulk of the materials were possibly collected together before 1531» — y lo que Peterson deduce de ello.

«The spirits in Part 1 of Ars Paulina coincide exactly with those found in Book 2 of Trithemius’ Steganographia» — [PETERSON] la coincidencia exacta de espíritus con el libro segundo de la Steganographia.

«It should be noted that Trithemius’ conjurations are actually his examples of hidden writing (“steganography”) and do not correspond with the conjurations found in Theugia Goetia» — y su límite, en la misma plana: las conjuraciones NO coinciden.

«In this following Treatise you have 31 names» — [TEXTO] los treinta y un reyes de la Theurgia Goetia.

«These spirits [being aerial] are by nature good and evill» — y su naturaleza mezclada.

«spirits, partly good and partly evill, weh is called Theurgia Goetia being all spirits of the ayre» — y la introducción del propio grimorio, donde el «aerial» también va entre corchetes: en esta edición el corchete marca lo que NO está en el manuscrito base.

«Make the Almadel of pure white wax, but [the others must be3] colloured sutable to the altitude [as will be shown]; it is to be four squares [square], and six Inches» — [TEXTO] el tablero de cera: la fuente dice cuadrado de seis pulgadas, no de cuatro por seis.

«Ars Almadel is also found in the Hebrew manuscripts of the Key of Solomon (ed. Gollancz), Sepher Maphteah Shelomoh (1914, fol. 20b), and in Oriental MS 6360, a Hebrew manuscript recently acquired by the British Library» — [PETERSON] y su presencia en los manuscritos hebreos.

«The first book, Goetia, corresponds closely with the catalog of demons published by Johann Weyer as Pseudomonarchia daemonum, included as an appendix to his De Praestigiis Daemonum (1563)» — [PETERSON] la Pseudomonarchia como apéndice del De praestigiis.

«Weyer referred to his source manuscript as Liber officiorum spirituum, seu Liber ductus Empto» — y la fuente que Weyer declara.

«In Weyer’s text, there are no demonic seals, and the demons are invoked by a simple conjuration, not the elaborate ritual found in the Lemegeton» — [PETERSON] la ausencia de sellos demoníacos en Weyer, y su conjuración simple.

«The Goetia does, in fact, seem dependant on Scot, faithfully copying his frequent mistranslations, elaborations, and omissions» — [PETERSON] la adjudicación de la derivación: apunta a Scot, el traductor inglés de Weyer.

«A possible exception is a passage in the description of Valefar (spirit 6) that, in Weyer’s Latin, reads “& capite latronis.” The Goetia renders this “a man’s head lowring,” while Scot reads “the head of a thief» — y la prueba concreta en que la apoya.

«The most striking difference between Weyer’s text and the Goetia is the order of spirits. I see no explanation for the difference; it’s almost as if a stack of cards got scrambled» — [PETERSON] y su abstención sobre el desorden de los espíritus.

«Note that the third spirit in the Goeria, Vassago, is not found in Weyer. The last three spirits in the Goetia, Seere, Dantalion, and Andromalis, are also not found in Weyer» — [PETERSON] los cuatro espíritus que no están en Weyer.

«There were certeine necromancers that offered sacrifices and burnt offerings unto him; and to call him up, they exercised an art, saieng that Sa/omon the wise made it. Which is false: for it was rather Cham, the sonne of Noah, who after the floud began first to invocate wicked spirits» — [WEYER/SCOT] la negación de la autoría salomónica, del siglo XVI: cuelga del espíritu 36, Gaap, y niega que Salomón hiciera ESE arte.

«In the prefatory note, Crowley claims the work is “a translation ... done, after collation and edition, from numerous MSS in Hebrew, Latin, French and English» — [PETERSON] lo que alega Crowley.

«In reality, Mathers’ manuscript sources were all in English, none of which Crowley bothered to check before making the assertion» — y lo que Peterson objeta.

«Crowley's contribution to the volume was minor, consisting of an essay,30 a version of the conjurations rendered into John Dee’s “Enochian or Angelic language,” some minor annotations, a “Preliminary Invocation,” prefatory note, and a Magical Square» — [PETERSON] la contribución de Crowley.

«Note none of the manuscripts ever use the word “evocation,” so this may be an innovation of Mathers» — [PETERSON] «evocation» como posible innovación de Mathers, dicho con «may be».

«Unfortunately, Waite’s book does, in fact, suffer from many defects. His transcriptions and drawings are not reliable, and his translations are often misleading, inaccurate, and confusing» — [PETERSON] los defectos que le imputa a Waite.

«Waite’s intention seems to have been to present the worst examples he could find of magical texts in order to discredit the genre» — y el motivo que le atribuye.

«he included a scathing review of Waite’s efforts, but his critique is without substance. Moreover, his argument with Waite was personal and chronic» — y, en la misma plana, la defensa de Waite frente a la reseña de Crowley.

«Likewise, the magical circle is based on Agrippa’s “Scale of the Number Ten» — [PETERSON] el círculo sobre la Escala del Diez.

«The Triangle that Salomon commanded the disobedient spirits into; it is to be made two foot [feet] of [out] from the Circle and 3 foot [feet]-over» — [TEXTO] el triángulo: la fuente dice «disobedient», y da además la medida del lado.

«Furfur is a great earle, appearing as an hart, with a firie taile, he lieth in everie thing, except he be brought up within a triangle» — [WEYER/SCOT] y la propiedad de no poder mentir, que es de FURFUR, no una regla general del triángulo.

«It is dated 1712-1713. Note that Harley shares many readings with Sloane 3648. In fact, a dependence of both on a common ancestor can reasonably be established. Given the number of deviations from the majority, Harley 6483 is among the least reliable of the manuscripts» — [PETERSON] la datación del Harley 6483, con el juicio de fiabilidad que la acompaña.

«The major texts used for this edition have all been from the British Library Manuscript collection. They include Harley MS 6483, and Sloane MSS 2731, 3825, and 3648» — [PETERSON] los cuatro manuscritos de base.

«I have followed Sloane 3825 for this edition, except for the Ars Notoria. For the latter, the manuscripts are clearly dependent on Robert Turner’s translation. I have therefore used his 1657 printed edition as my primary source» — [PETERSON] la base textual declarada: el Sloane 3825 para todo, y la edición impresa de Turner de 1657 para la Ars Notoria.

«unfortunately, incomplete, makes arbitrary rearrangements in the text, has many careless mistakes, and omits all of Book 5. It is dated January 18, 1686» — y el juicio sobre el Sloane 2731, que el resumen del digest llamaba «fuente principal».

«It has the most consistently reliable readings of the available manuscripts as well and is interesting in that it contains a shorter version of The Notary Art, to which has been added the remaining portions as found in Robert Turner's translation» — [PETERSON] por qué elige el 3825.

«I have resisted the temptation to modernize the language» — [PETERSON] su política editorial.

«none of the editions I have reviewed are critical, and most rely only on a single manuscript» — y su juicio sobre el estado editorial del texto.

«I am particularly grateful for the high quality negative of Sloane 3825, which they prepared specially» — la base material de la edición: un negativo del Sloane 3825.

«Sloane 2731 omits the 5th book, Ars Noforia, but instead inserts three folios» — el Sloane 2731 sin el libro V, con lo que inserta en su lugar.

«Mathers supplied the title “Explanation of certain names used in this book Lemegeton,” but given the content, it should read “The Explanat» — un título que Mathers suplió, y la lectura que Peterson propone en su lugar.

«This section is only found in H. It is abstracted from Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1992), pp. 462-464, Book III, chaps. 21-22. It is followed by a fourteen-page narrative about a “Gentleman by Descent from the lines of the Plantagenets” and his conversation with Dr. Rudd» — una omisión que el editor declara: catorce páginas del Harley que no imprime.

«Liber Juratus also reads “Anepheneton» — el cruce con el Liber Juratus al nivel de un nombre divino.

«In other words using the Julian calendar» — y la fecha del ritual, que Peterson lee como juliana.

«Clm 849 reads “Apparet in signo medici cum suscipit figuram hup. 243, L. 18 manam; [est] doctor opti[{mJus mulierum, et facit ardere in amorem virorum” (He appears in the form of a doctor (medi¢i, not meridii=southern as in Weyer) when he takes on a human form. He is a most excellent doctor of women, and he makes them burn with love for men.) For text see Kieckhefer, Forbidden Rites» — el testigo muniqués que la fe de erratas añade, con la enmienda de lectura y la remisión a Kieckhefer.

«Therefore it is called, The Notary Art, because in certain brief Notes, it teacheth and comprehendeth the knowledge of all Arts» — la definición del arte notoria en la versión impresa de Turner.

«To his Ingenious and respected friend Mr. William Ryves, of St. Saviours Southwark, Student in Physick and Astrology» — y la dedicatoria de Turner en 1657.

«Ars Notoria mentions another Solomonic title, Helisoe, which is likewise noticed by the compiler of the Lesser Key; see pages 6 and 166 below.» — la fe de erratas añade un segundo título salomónico: la Ars Notoria menciona también *Helisoe*, y el compilador de la Clave Menor lo recoge.

«Agrippa classified these three magical books as belonging to “theurgia,” that category of magic which works through the agency of the good angels and God.» — Peterson atribuye a Agrippa la clasificación de la Ars Almadel, la Ars Notoria y la Ars Paulina dentro de la teurgia, definida como la magia que opera por agencia de los ángeles buenos y de Dios.

«According to Agrippa, Goetia is the other major category of ceremonial magic.» — y la goetia como la otra categoría mayor, de modo que la compilación reúne las dos ramas que Agrippa separaba.

«Goetia is a Greek term more or less synonymous with magic, but with negative connotations, as distinguished from the more elevated Theurgia (“working of a god”).» — Peterson define los dos términos que dan nombre a los dos primeros libros: la goetia como sinónimo de magia con carga negativa, y la teurgia, más elevada, como trabajo de un dios.

«Harley 6483 is probably the latest manuscript and contains much additional material, with extracts from de Abano’s Heptameron replacing much of the instructions included in Book 1 of the other manuscripts.» — Peterson describe el Harley 6483 como el manuscrito más tardío, y advierte que sustituye buena parte de las instrucciones del libro I por extractos del Heptameron de Pedro de Abano.

«Sloane 2731 is cataloged as Clavicula Salomonis. It is important because it has been compiled from multiple versions, including Sloane 3648.» — y el valor que le reconoce al Sloane 2731 pese a descartarlo como base: haber sido compilado desde varias versiones.

«It includes variations in many of the names, showing that it had been redacted by the time Weyer obtained it, so it evidently dates from long before 1563.» — Peterson data la fuente manuscrita de Weyer muy antes de 1563, y lo deriva de que las variantes de nombres muestran un texto ya redactado cuando Weyer lo obtuvo.

«One is that the fourth spirit in Weyer’s text, Pruflas (alias Bufas), was accidently left out of Reginald Scot’s English translation, or was already missing from the edition used by Scot (a manuscript dated 1570). It is also the only spirit from Weyer’s list that is not found in the Lemegeton.» — Peterson señala la anomalía en que apoya la adjudicación a Scot: Pruflas falta en la traducción inglesa de Scot y es el único espíritu de Weyer ausente también del Lemegeton.

«If a specific edition can be found that introduced this defect, it might allow us to fix the date of the composition of the Goefia in its present form.» — y lo que espera de ese hueco, dicho en condicional: identificar la edición que lo introdujo permitiría fechar la composición de la Goetia en su forma actual; la capa de texto lee Goetia como Goefia.

«The Hebrew lettering which appears on the brass vessel (figure 7) is clearly based on Agrippa’s “Scale of the Number Seven.”» — Peterson deriva las letras hebreas del vaso de bronce de la Escala del número siete de Agrippa.

«The other source utilized is a small book titled Heptameron, or Elements of Magic by Peter de Abano.» — y nombra la segunda fuente del ritual goético, junto a Agrippa.

«Slightly less diabolical is the second book, Theurgia Goetia. This text has close parallels with Book One of Trithemius’ Steganographia.» — Peterson sitúa el libro II como menos diabólico que el primero y lo empareja con el libro primero de la Steganographia.

«Although the abundant spirit seals are not found in Trithemius, those few that can be found match exactly.» — y acota el paralelo: los sellos abundan en el Lemegeton y faltan en Trithemius, pero los pocos que hay coinciden exactamente.

«Written in 1500, Steganographia was not published until 1608. It was, however, widely circulated in manuscript form.» — Peterson resuelve así el problema de la transmisión: la Steganographia circuló en copias manuscritas durante el siglo que media entre su escritura y su impresión.

«Where the majority of manuscripts agree, they also agree with the Steganographia. This is highly significant, in that it allows us to gauge the degree of degradation of the various Lemegefon manuscripts by the number of times they deviate from the Steganographia.» — y el uso crítico que le da: la Steganographia le sirve de patrón para medir cuánto se ha degradado cada manuscrito; la capa de texto lee Lemegeton como Lemegefon.

«Trithemius cites Raziel several times as an authority for these angels,17 but I have been unable to match up any of the lists» — Peterson declara el límite de su cotejo: no consigue emparejar las listas angélicas del Raziel que Trithemius invoca como autoridad.

«Although this text is based on earlier versions, repeated mention of the year 1641 and guns, shows a late redaction.» — Peterson fecha tarde la redacción de la Ars Paulina por dos indicios internos: la mención repetida del año 1641 y la de las armas de fuego.

«The “table of practice” has similarities with Dee’s “holy table.” In the former, the seven seals have the characters of the seven planets, which also occur in the Magical Calendar (published in 1620, but with possible connections with Trithemius).» — y empareja la mesa de práctica de la Ars Paulina con la mesa santa de Dee, y sus siete sellos con los caracteres planetarios del Calendario Mágico.

«Johann Weyer seems to associate the art with an Arab magician of the same name.» — Peterson consigna, con reserva, que Weyer parece asociar el Almadel a un mago árabe del mismo nombre.

«The orations in Ars Notoria and those in Liber Juratus are closely related and suggest to me a common oral tradition.» — Peterson empareja las oraciones de la Ars Notoria con las del Liber Juratus y postula, en primera persona, una tradición oral común detrás de ambas.

«The orations in both works are said to have mystical properties that can impart communion with God and instant knowledge of divine and human arts and sciences.» — y lo que ambas obras prometen de esas oraciones: comunión con Dios y conocimiento instantáneo de las artes y ciencias divinas y humanas.

«The notae vary considerably in the Ars Noforia manuscripts,27 and individual manuscripts sometimes give alternate versions for the figures as well.» — Peterson advierte que las notae no son estables entre manuscritos, y que algunos dan versiones alternativas de las figuras; la capa de texto lee Notoria como Noforia.

«The first note on grammar consists of the oration written in concentric rings; the second consists of the oration written in a diamond-shaped arrangement.» — y describe qué son materialmente las notae: la propia oración dispuesta en anillos concéntricos o en rombo.

«Not all manuscripts of the Lemegeton include the Ars Notoria.» — Peterson consigna que el libro V no está en todos los manuscritos de la colección.

«His assumption was, no doubt, based on the fact that Mathers’ edition of the Key of Solomon was, in fact, based on numerous manuscripts in the languages mentioned.» — Peterson explica de dónde salió el error de Crowley: la Clave Mayor que Mathers sí editó desde manuscritos en varias lenguas.

«It is not known whether these defects were corrected in any subsequent editions.» — y su abstención sobre la edición de Nelson y Anne White de 1979, cuya reproducción declara casi ilegible.

«Unfortunately, this edition of the Lemegeton is also uncritical and indiscriminate in its use of source material.» — el juicio sobre la edición de Mitch Henson de 1999, que Peterson reprocha por haber empezado en el Sloane 2731 y cambiar a mitad de camino al Sloane 3825.

«The illustrations have all been redrawn and many were significantly simplified or corrupted.» — y lo que le imputa a sus ilustraciones.

«Henson arbitrarily omitted all of Book 5, dismissing it as showing “no affinity for the listings of spirits that mark the bulk of” the Lemegeton.» — y la omisión del libro V, con el motivo que su editor alega.

«And, in spite of the title, he silently omitted the introductory and concluding materials and many other passages, reducing the text to a slender 95 pages.» — y lo que esa edición, titulada completa, deja fuera en silencio.

«Nevertheless, it could prove useful for those who want a low-cost introduction, but those interested in accuracy or intending to practice ceremonial magic may want to use it with caution.» — y la concesión con que cierra el juicio, dirigida a quien busque una introducción barata.