SPIRITUS MUNDISupportESEN

WORK

The Business of Alchemy

The Business of Alchemy: Science and Culture in the Holy Roman Empire

inglés1994; edición en rústica con prefacio nuevo, 2016AlquimiaHermetismo

Source entries are currently shown in Spanish; English-first entries arrive with the next cataloguing pass.

El libro cuenta una transformación intelectual a través de una sola vida: «The voice of this book is the life of Johann Joachim Becher», que abarca la segunda mitad del siglo XVII (1635-82) «Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 31». Lo que está en juego, según Smith, es «a crisis of authority» que en el terreno intelectual se traduce en un debate sobre la legitimidad del conocimiento «Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 31», y cuyo motivo recurrente —el que suena en las trompas de su metáfora de obertura— es «the relationship between words and things» «Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 31».

La alquimia entra ahí como LENGUAJE, no como doctrina: «Alchemy thus became the vehicle by which Becher spoke to the court about production and material increase» «Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 37». Servía para eso porque la transmutación —«the ennoblement of metals»— daba el ejemplo de un aumento material fabuloso, y porque quedaba dentro de lo natural y lo virtuoso: «Alchemy was thus a natural, virtuous activity within the compass of human art» «Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 37».

El arco se cierra en una periodización dura, que es la frase más citable del libro: «Alchemy became charlatanry, rather than potentiality; science became visible truth» «Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 298».

35 claims · 1 source · 1 attribution

Attribution

recorded, never asserted
DECLARED
monografía firmada; el libro sale de su tesis doctoral, «My doctoral dissertation, 'Alchemy, Credit, and the Commerce of Words and Things'»
per Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)
«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 27»

The chain of the work

the processed witness, in emerald
EDITION · PROCESSED
Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)
inglés · 2016 · Princeton University Press

Claims

35 entries — the work's own voice, with its locator

«The voice of this book is the life of Johann Joachim Becher, spanning the last half of the seventeenth century (1635-82).»el libro se organiza como una vida.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 31»

«At the heart of this process of change in the early modern period was a crisis of authority.»la crisis abarca de Lutero y Tomás Moro a la *Battle of the Books* de Swift.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 31»

«the relationship between words and things»el motivo que Smith declara recurrente en la obertura del libro y que estructura el argumento entero.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 31»

«Alchemy thus became the vehicle by which Becher spoke to the court about production and material increase.»

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 37»

«alchemical transmutation-the ennoblement of metals-provided an example of fabulous material increase and the production of surplus»por qué el lenguaje alquímico servía para hablar de comercio.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 37»

«Alchemy was thus a natural, virtuous activity within the compass of human art, and an accepted activity and language at the noble court.»

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 37»

«Becher regarded alchemy as embodying and epitomizing productive knowledge»la fórmula con que Smith define su objeto en el prefacio de 2016.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 21»

«Making and knowing are an inseparable amalgam.»el programa que Smith declara haber desarrollado después de este libro.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 23»

«Recipes effectively capture in written form—to the extent this is possible—the essential character of making as coping with emergent phenomena.»

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 22»

«the experimental method, the development of quantitative aspirations, and the use of precision instruments»lo que la historiografía reciente reconoce como herencia alquímica.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 18»

«Alchemy became charlatanry, rather than potentiality; science became visible truth.»el cierre de la periodización.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 298»

«An emblem thus was more real than, say, a microscopic observation, unless of course the microscope observation could be interpreted as an emblem.»la visión multivalente del XVI y comienzos del XVII.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 298»

«Alchemy gave way to public utility, marvels and curiosities to facts, wonder to reason, andfortuna to human agency and state discipline.»la última frase del capítulo quinto; el OCR pega «and» a «fortuna».

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 299»

«Money was considered unnatural because it was a means of exchange that did not contain the seeds of its own regeneration.»

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 36»

«Commerce was considered an unnatural activity, for merchants were viewed as producing nothing.»

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 35»

«Artisanal culture embodied an understanding of production, creation, and working with the hands.»

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 35»

«Credit, in both commercial and noble societies, was a measure of status.»

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 167»

«Money was the source of a prince's authority and thus the source of his ability to keep his central place in the court hierarchy.»

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 157»

«The old nobility possessed (and regulated access to) social credit.»

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 129»

«Alchemy could help these outsiders in their pursuit of the emperor's favor and the power it conveyed.»la alquimia como recurso de los recién llegados a la corte imperial.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 217»

«Lapis politicorum»(a politicians' stone) — el término que Becher acuña, según Smith, para lo que el comercio daría al príncipe.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 193»

«believed that his politicians' stone would enoble commerce and make it regenerative»la grafía «enoble» es la del texto.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 199»

«he attempted to transmute the count's interest in curiosities into an understanding of the goods and transactions of commerce as the sources of political power»el uso del proyecto colonial de Hanau.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 200»

«Becher had concluded that the philosophers' stone was easier to make than the politicians' stone»Smith lo toma de la *Psychosophia* (1705), p. 171.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 194»

«Stahl and Zincke situated Becher so thoroughly within their histories that he vanished as an independent figure.»la tesis de Smith sobre por qué Becher desapareció de la historia de la química.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 49»

«terra pinguis»la segunda de las tres tierras de Becher (junto a «terra lapidea» y «terra fluida»), en la nota donde Smith da también sus nombres alemanes.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 229»

«Chymia dealt with all three realms: animal, vegetable, and mineral»la tripartición de Becher en el *Oedipus Chimicus*.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 232»

«unter-Erdisches Laboratorium»Becher llama a la naturaleza un laboratorio subterráneo, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 235»

«the universal spirit was more copiously present in the air of the tropics and the New World»la doctrina que ligaba la alquimia de Becher al proyecto colonial.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 235»

«the seed first disintegrated in the nutritive matrix of the earth into its prima materia»la generación de los metales en la teoría de Becher.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 239»

«gold was known only through its accidental qualities»de ahí la necesidad del mercurio filosófico.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 250»

«Hermes, the legendary discoverer of chemistry was considered the inventor and articulator of both the liberal and mechanical arts»la figura hermética tal como opera en el argumento de Becher.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 229»

«the workers in the last three chambers would ideally be unable to read and write»el laboratorio jerárquico proyectado por Becher, donde el secreto se garantiza por aislamiento.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 266»

«Nullius in verba»el lema de la Royal Society, que Smith pone junto al «Provando e riprovando» de la Academia del Cimento.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 67»

«The source of this maxim was Morienus, although Becher»Smith adjudica a Morienus la máxima que Becher atribuía a Paracelso.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 80»

About the work

26 entries — what the apparatus and scholarship say about it

«My doctoral dissertation, 'Alchemy, Credit, and the Commerce of Words and Things'»el libro sale de esa tesis, que conserva el alemán original de todos los pasajes aquí traducidos.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 27»

«I am especially pleased to make clear the intellectual debt I owe to Owen Hannaway»la deuda declarada en los agradecimientos.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 27»

«of all arts, the best imitator of nature»así considera Alberto Magno el arte de la alquimia, según Smith, que lo cita por el *Book of Minerals* en la traducción de Dorothy Wyckoff.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 14»

«What artisans have learned by experience is also the practice of alchemists who, if they work with nature, transform the specific form of one metal into another.»Alberto Magno, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 14»

«The science of alchymy I like very well, and indeed, 'tis the philosophy of the ancients.»Martín Lutero, según Smith, que lo toma de la *Table Talk* traducida por William Hazlitt.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 14»

«A baker is an alchemist when he bakes bread, the vintner when he makes wine, the weaver in that he makes cloth.»Paracelso, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 14»

«He who wishes to explore nature must tread her books with his feet.»Paracelso, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 78»

«Qui omnia secum portat, non indiget alieno auxilio»la máxima que Becher citaba como de Paracelso; Smith anota que su fuente era Morienus.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 80»

«I, J. J. Becher, Doctor, transmuted this piece of the finest silver from lead by the art of alchemy.»la inscripción de la medalla, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 201»

«I seek nothing but truth, Your Imperial Majesty's reputation and profit, and the preservation of the good name of the noble art of alchemy.»Becher al emperador, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 106»

«An Lapis Philosophicus sit arte parabilis»el título del discurso de Becher en la facultad de medicina, según el protocolo que Smith cita.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 96»

«If they have found no gold, they have meanwhile discovered good medicaments and other admirable arts, not to mention gunpowder, glassmaking, enamel, dyes, medicines»la defensa de la alquimia por sus subproductos, en boca de Becher según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 228»

«gold is the nervus rerum»Becher sobre el oro como nervio de las cosas, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 244»

«Solve mihi hunc syllogismum»el laboratorio planteado como problema por resolver, en boca de Becher según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 78»

«ubi videris Recipe, cogita quod significet Decipe»la regla de Becher ante las recetas ajenas: donde leas *recibe*, piensa *engaña*.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 263»

«what one gives to alchemists and whores is the same thing»Becher sobre el dinero perdido con los sopladores, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 264»

«blinded by smoke»el laboratorio como lugar de confusión, en boca de Becher según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 258»

«this laboratory is securer and richer than mines or exchange banks, and it alone will return the costs of the project»el argumento económico de Becher, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 221»

«this is sacred, thieves do not touch»una de las inscripciones del *Scyphus Becheri*, el horno portátil.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 302»

«We met in our passing through Maintz a rare artist, called Becher, a young man, who hath found, he saith, ye perpetual motion»Oldenburg a Hartlib, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 87»

«a man of the greatest ingenuity, but not a little restless, which has brought down ill-will upon him everywhere»Leibniz sobre Becher en carta a Jakob Thomasius, 1669, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 42»

«One man's expenditure is another man's income.»el «principio de Becher» tal como lo formula Schumpeter, según Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 40»

«Profit is the sole end of all dealing, and the whole World is but one publick Warehouse.»Boccalini, citado por Smith.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 74»

«the tree of Diana»Newman y Principe muestran, según Smith, que esa estructura metálica arborescente tiene correlato material real, contra la lectura que la tenía por descripción simbólica.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 20»

«Magnalia Naturae»obra de atribución en disputa dentro del propio libro: en un lugar se la da por espuria y en otro como la única de Becher publicada en inglés; ver Notas de carga.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 209»

«spurious»el veredicto de Hassinger sobre la *Magnalia Naturae*, registrado por Smith en la bibliografía.

Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994)«Smith — The Business of Alchemy (1994) · p. 310»

Concepts treated

Piedra filosofal (lapis philosophorum)Becher concluyó que la piedra filosofal era más fácil de hacer que la «piedra de los políticos».

smith-business-of-alchemy · p. 194

Materia primaLa semilla del metal se desintegra primero en la matriz nutricia de la tierra hasta su prima materia.

smith-business-of-alchemy · p. 239

Mercurio de los filósofos (Mercurius)El oro solo se conocía por sus cualidades accidentales, y de ahí la necesidad de sutilizarlo con el mercurio filosófico.

smith-business-of-alchemy · p. 250

Azufre (principio sulfúreo)La «terra pinguis» de Becher —la tierra sulfúrea— es una de las tres tierras de su teoría de la materia.

smith-business-of-alchemy · p. 229

Magia natural (magia naturalis)La alquimia queda dentro de lo natural y lo virtuoso, «within the compass of human art», y por eso era lenguaje aceptable en la corte.

smith-business-of-alchemy · p. 37

Works cited

Conversation

what readers say — distinct from what is recorded in the entry, which carries a citation